-tus

By analogy with -us derivatives of verbs ending in -ttaa and -staa, which are plenty.

-tus (front vowel harmony variant -tys, linguistic notation -tUs)

1. alternative form of -us (forms nouns from verbs, describing an action or event)

This variant of the suffix is used when the verb belongs to the conjugation classes:

• 66 (rohkaista); the stem for the verb will be the consonant stem ending in -s-
• 69 (valita); the stem for the verb will be the part prior to the final -ts-

-tus

1. romanization of -𐍄𐌿𐍃

Inherited from Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.

Compare Sanskrit -त (-tá), Proto-Slavic *-tъ, Proto-Germanic *-þaz, *-daz, *-taz.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtus]

-tus (feminine -ta, neuter -tum); first/second-declension suffix

2. Forms the past participle of verbs.
4. Forms adjectives having the sense "provided with".

   iūs (“law, legality; equity, the right, justice”) → iūstus (“lawful, legal; equitable, rightful, just”)

   onus (“a burden or load, especially one excessive in magnitude”) → onustus (“burdened”, “heavily laden”, “overencumbered by a load”)

This suffix is one of many (including -tus, -tor, -tiō, -tim, -tō, -tūra) that all use the same verb stem as the supine, perfect passive participle, and/or future active participle, found in the verb's fourth principal part. This stem is conventionally considered to end in -t- (or for some verbs, -s-), which would imply analyzing the suffixes as -us, -or, -io, -im, etc. However, from an etymological perspective it is more accurate to identify -t-/-s- as the initial consonant of these suffixes.

• Most 1st conjugation verbs attach -t- after the theme vowel -ā-: e.g. amō, amātor, but a few form this principal part differently: e.g. secō > sectiō. Similarly, many 4th conjugation verbs use -ī-t-, but some use other formations, e.g. saliō > saltō.
• 2nd conjugation verbs are less consistent. Many use -i-t- (moneō, monitor); some attach -t- after the final consonant of the root (doceō > doctor); a considerable number lack this principal part. Monosyllabic stems use -ē-t-: ex-pleō (stem plē-) > explētiō.
• Many 3rd conjugation verbs (and some 1st, 2nd and 4th) attach -t- directly after a consonant, which can cause complex changes. When -t- is placed after -t- or -d-, the consonants merge to -ss- (simplified to -s- if not preceded by short vowel): metō > messor, caedo > caesūra. Occasionally -s- is used after other consonants: curro > cursim, mergo > mersō. Before -t-, -b- -g- are regularly devoiced to -p- -c-: scrībō > scrīptor; frīgō > frīctus. The addition of -t- can be accompanied by various other changes, including vowel shortening, vowel lengthening, consonant insertion, or consonant deletion.

See this page for a more complete analysis.

First/second-declension adjective.

Inherited from Proto-Italic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).

Cognate with Sanskrit -तुम् (-tum), Proto-Germanic *-þuz, Ancient Greek -τύς (-tús), Proto-Slavic *-tъ.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtus]

-tus m (genitive -tūs); fourth declension

1. Forms action nouns from verbs.

   ‎cadō + ‎-tus → ‎cāsus

   ‎habeō (“to have, possess, have on, carry, wear”) + ‎-tus → ‎habitus (“a state or condition of being, physical character, demeanour, style of dress”)

   ‎sūmō (“to spend [time, effort, money, etc.]”) + ‎-tus → ‎sūmptus (“expenditure”)

The verb stem undergoes the same modifications as with the above suffix.

Fourth-declension noun.

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-tuHts (abstract-noun forming suffix). Compare Proto-Celtic *-tūss, Gothic -𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 (-dūþs). See -tās.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtuːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtus]

-tūs f (genitive -tūtis); third declension

1. Forms collective/abstract nouns from adjectives or other nouns.

   iuvenis (“young, a young man”) → iuventūs (“the young, young men collectively; the period or qualities of youthful manhood, youth”)

   senex (“an old man”) → senectūs (“old men collectively; the period or condition of old age”)

Third-declension noun.

Inherited from Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós. Compare Ancient Greek -τός (-tós), found in the adverb ἐντός (entós, “within”), and Sanskrit -तस् (-tas), found as an ablatival ending in अतस् (átas), अग्रतस् (agratás).^[1]

• -itus

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [tus]

-tus (not comparable)

1. -ly; forms adverbs.

   Synonyms: -ē, -ter, -ō

• “-tūs¹” on page 1,995/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• “-tus²” on page 1,995/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• “-tus³” on page 1,995/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)