ius

ius

1. romanization of 𐌹𐌿𐍃

• jūs

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈjuːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈjus]

From Proto-Italic *jowos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- (“straight, right”), an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (“vital force, age”) (the source of aevum and iuvenis).^[1] Cognate with Sanskrit योस् (yós), Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬛𐬁 (yaoždā).

iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

1. law, right
   • 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 4.796:

     Ius summum saepe summa est malitia.

     Supreme law is often supreme malice.

2. subjective right, individual right
3. court of law

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

The genitive plural iūrum does appear rarely, e.g. in Plautus and in Cato as quoted by Charisius.^[2]

From Proto-Indo-European *yéwHs (“soup, broth”).^[3] Cognate with Sanskrit यूस् (yūs), यूष (yūṣa), Ancient Greek ζύμη (zúmē), Proto-Germanic *justaz, Proto-Slavic *juxa.

iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

2. gravy
3. broth, soup
4. sauce
5. juice

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

• “jūs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iūs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "ius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “jūs”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse
    
  • to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari)
    
  • to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius dicere
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33)
    
  • to assert one's right: ius suum persequi
    
  • to obtain justice: ius suum adipisci (Liv. 1. 32. 10)
    
  • to maintain one's right: ius suum tenere, obtinere
    
  • to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
    
  • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
    
  • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • to summon some one before the court: in ius, in iudicium vocare aliquem
    
  • a sound judicial system: aequa iuris descriptio (Off. 2. 4. 15)
    
  • to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
    
  • to reduce law to a system: ius ad artem redigere
    
  • absence of justice: ius nullum
    
  • to trample all law under foot: ius ac fas omne delere
    
  • against all law, human and divine: contra ius fasque
    
  • with full right: optimo iure
    
  • prerogative, privilege: ius praecipuum, beneficium, donum, also immunitas c. Gen.
    
  • to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
    
  • quite rightly: et recte (iure, merito)
    
  • quite rightly: et recte (iure) quidem
    
  • quite rightly: recte, iure id quidem
    
  • with perfect right: meo (tuo, suo) iure
    
  • with perfect right: iusto iure
    
  • legitimately; with the fullest right: optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1).
    
  • (ambiguous) to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
    
  • (ambiguous) anarchy reigns supreme: omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8)
    
  • (ambiguous) to trample all law under foot: omnia iura pervertere
    
• “ius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 507