sa

Clipping of English Sanskrit or Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá).

sa

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sanskrit.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Sanskrit terms

sa class I gender f

1. woman

• transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Acehnese numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: sa     Ordinal: phôn

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

• Audio:

  (file)

sa

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

sa (Kana spelling サ)

1. elder sister

   Synonym: nanna

• John Batchelor (1905), An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎^[5], Tokyo; London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 385
• Vovin, Alexander V. (2016), “On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaidō”, in Gruzdeva Ekaterina, Janhunen Juha, editors, Crosslinguistics and Linguistic Crossings in Northeast Asia. Papers on the Languages of Sakhalin and Adjacent Regions (Studia Orientalia; 117), Helsinki, pages 29–38

From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂ and *h₂ew-/*h₂en-. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *tšja^[1] or, as per Meyer, from Greek σαν (san, “when, whenever”).^[2]

sa

1. how much

• sasi

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. rain

• IPA^(key): /sʰa/

sa (Bengali script সা)

1. one

• rongsa
• wan
• eek

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

From Proto-Bahnaric *caː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”); cognate with Halang cha, Koho saa, Semai ca, Pacoh cha, Khmer ស៊ី (sii) and Mon စ (ca).

• IPA^(key): /saː/

sa

1. to eat

sa (Balinese script ᬲ)

1. The name of the eigth Balinese letter ᬲ.

Balinese cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

sa (Balinese script ᬲ)

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• “sa”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Banjarese cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

sa

1. short for asa (“one”)

From Old Catalan sa~san, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [sə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [sa]
• Homophone: ça

sa (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes)

1. healthy

• sa i estalvi
• sanament
• sanejar

• insà
• malsà
• sanitat

From Latin ipsa.

sa f

1. (Balearic) nominative feminine singular of es

• “sa”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “sa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “sa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “sa”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

• 's — contraction, informal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Tagalog sa, Central Bikol sa, Hiligaynon sa.

• IPA^(key): /sa/ [s̪ɐ]

sa

1. marks the indirect object or recipient of the verb: to

   Coordinate terms: kang, (colloquial) ni — used before personal names

   Gihatag na nako ang tanan sa akong amigo. ― I already gave everything to my friend.

2. refers to the location of something or some action: in; at; on

   Naa sa lamisa. ― On the table.

   Sa Pilipinas ko gipanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.

3. refers to motion towards or away from a definite location:
   1. to the; towards the

      Synonym: padulong (sa)

      Moadto siya sa sinehan unya. ― He's going to the movies later.

   2. from the; away from the

      Synonym: gikan (sa)

      Mihawa ko sa balay. ― I went away from the house.

4. refers to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)

   Synonyms: (colloquial) inig-, ig-

   Sa Lunes mi mouli. ― We're going home on Monday.

5. refers to accompaniment with a definite partner or object: with; together with; in company with

   Synonyms: uban (sa/ang), kuyog (sa/ang)

   Nikuyog si Juan sa iyang papa. ― Juan went with his father.

6. used in comparisons: than

   Synonym: kaysa (sa/kang)

   Mas paspas ang eroplano sa imong sakyanan. ― The airplane is faster than your car.

7. refers to the cause of action: due to; because of

   Synonyms: tungod sa, kay

   Namatay sila sa kagutom. ― They died of hunger.

8. refers to the definite tool or instrument used for doing: with, through, by

   Synonym: gamit (ang)

   Iyang gisagpa sa kamot. ― He slapped him with the hand.

9. refers to the basis of action: through, by, on the basis of

   Migawas ang estudyante sa pagsugot sa maestro. ― The student went out by the teacher's permission.

• Used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases:

  sa babaw (sa) ― on top (of)

  sa sulod (sa) ― within, inside (of)

  pinaagi sa ― by means of

  tungod sa ― due to, because of

• In senses where definiteness is encoded, sa is used in contrast with og, which refers to indefinite relations.

From earlier sang, conflating with sa (“to, in, at”). Compare Hiligaynon sang, Waray-Waray han, Tagalog ng.

sa

1. definite indirect marker for nouns other than personal names

   Coordinate term: og — for indefinite nouns

   Mikaon sa isda ang iring.

   The cat ate the fish.

   Gikaon sa iring ang isda.

   The cat ate the fish.

2. of, 's; marks possession

   luto sa inahan ― mother's cooking

   babaw sa lamisa ― on top of the table

   1. of the; with a definite possessor

      Coordinate term: og — see Usage notes

      anak sa hari ― son of the king

• In marking possession, the usage of sa is contrasted with that of og in certain possessive relations, such as kinship terms:

  inahan sa hari ― mother of the king

  inahan og hari ― mother of a king

• But this distinction does not apply to all possessive phrases:

  mga dahon sa punuan ― (a/the) tree's leaves

  mga dahon og punuan ― is ungrammatical

• However, the contrast is mostly unused in everyday speech, with sa used in all possessive phrases.

Compare Tagalog sina, Tausug hinda, Kinaray-a sanday.

sa

1. (archaic) direct marker for plural personal names

   Synonyms: sila ni, silang

From usa, isa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaʔ/ [ˈs̪aʔ]

sà

1. shortened form of usa, isa (“for now, before doing”)

Elision of the "l" in sala (“strain”), from Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa(ː)/ [ˈs̪a(ː)]

sa

1. (Cebu) shortened form of sala (“strain”)

Elision of the "l" in sala (“fault, sin”), from Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa(ː)ʔ/ [ˈs̪a(ː)ʔ]

sâ

1. (Cebu) shortened form of sala (“fault, sin”)

From Proto-Athabaskan *šʷaˑ. Compare South Slavey sa.

sa

1. sun
2. watch

From Proto-Athabaskan *šʷaˑ. Cognate with Ahtna saa.

sa

1. sun

• Dogrib Divisional Board of Education (1996), A Dogrib Dictionary, Rae-Edzo, Northwest Territories, Canada: Dogrib Divisional Board of Education, →ISBN, page 217

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-wa.

sa

1. tooth

Ross Perlin (2019), A Grammar of Trung‎^[6], Santa Barbara: University of California

sa

1. water

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1975), Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, →DOI

sa

1. fire

• Duungooma ABC (alphabet duun), page 26

Eastern Cham cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

• IPA^(key): /saː/

sa (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨧ, Cham symbol ꩑)

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• Sa (optional capitalization)

Short form of sina

sa (genitive su, partitive sind, long form sina)

1. you, thou (in unstressed positions)

   Mis sa teed seal? ― What are you doing there?

Declension of sa
2nd person	singular		plural
	long	short	long	short
nominative	sina	sa	teie	te
genitive	sinu	su	teie	te
partitive	sind		teid
illative	sinusse	susse		teisse
inessive	sinus	sus		teis
elative	sinust	sust		teist
allative	sinule	sulle		teile
adessive	sinul	sul		teil
ablative	sinult	sult		teilt
translative	sinuks	–	teieks	teiks
terminative	sinuni	–	teieni	–
essive	sinuna	–	teiena	–
abessive	sinuta	–	teieta	–
comitative	sinuga	suga	teiega	–

• “sa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “sa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• sa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

See sinä; developed through contraction.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sa
• Hyphenation^(key): sa

sa

1. (personal, archaic, poetic) you (second-person singular pronoun)

Other forms than the nominative generally align with sä.

• sinä (standard Finnish; see it for full list)

• “sa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[7] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• -as, as

sa

1. feminine singular of son

From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada (Shawinigan)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

sa f sg

1. (possessive) his, her, its, their, one's

   Emma est allée chez sa sœur.

   Emma went to her sister's house.

   Pierre a perdu sa carte d'identité.

   Pierre has lost his identity card.

   Sa voiture est blanche.

   Their car is white.

Sa can only be used before feminine singular nouns and adjectives that begin with either a consonant or an aspirated H. The masculine form son is used before feminine singular nouns and adjectives that begin with either a vowel or muted H.

• “sa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

• as

From Proto-Polynesian *saqa.

sa

1. bad
2. ugly

• Capell, Arthur (1984), “sa”, in Futuna-Aniwa dictionary, with grammatical introduction, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Australian National University, →ISBN, page 159

Either from Proto-Germanic *saliz (“house, hall”),^[1] or from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (“to sow”).^[2]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaː/

sa f (plural sas)

1. generation, litter
2. sowing season

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Garo cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik. Cognate with Tibetan གཅིག (gcig), Burmese တစ် (tac).

sa

1. one

sa

1. romanization of 𐍃𐌰

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. to rain

sa

1. the form of sako or its inflections after a determiner

From French ça.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. can, to be able to

sa

1. this
2. these
   • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎^[8], archived from the original on 28 December 2025:

     Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.

     According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.

3. that
4. those

sa

1. (demonstrative) this
2. (demonstrative) these
3. (demonstrative) that
4. (demonstrative) those
5. (interrogative) what
6. (relative) what

• kisa

• Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[9], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 172

From Proto-Austronesian *sa (locative marker).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa

sa (Hanunoo spelling ᜰ)

1. to

   Synonym: (literary) kan

2. on; at; in
3. by
4. for
5. from

• For personal names, kan (or kana if plural) is used instead.

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953), Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 232
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*sa₂”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Haroi cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Chamic *sa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

sa

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Generally thought to be from Proto-Chadic (compare Proto-Central Chadic *ɬa, whence Mbuko slā, Uldeme slà, Bana slá, Muyang ɬà, Moloko ɬa, Zulgo-Gemzek sla, Podoko sla, Daba zlà, Lagwan nsla), Ngizim tla. possibly cognate with Somali sac

• IPA^(key): /sâː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sâː]

sâ m (feminine sānìyā, plural shānū, possessed form sân)

1. bull, ox, cattle

sa

1. of

sa

1. short form for satu, often pronounced as se-.
2. combine with a verb in nasal form e.g. se +‎ kayoh (kayoh means "paddle") to form a noun sengayoh (a paddle).
3. combine with a verb in nasal form and a prefix pe- e.g. sa +‎ pe +‎ san (san means "a load") to form a noun sapenyan (as much as one can carry) and sa +‎ pe +‎ temu (temu means "opinion") to form sapenemu (as much as one knows).

• Richards, Anthony. An Iban-English Dictionary, Volume 1 Clarendon Press. 1981.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. archaic form of sua
   • 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:

     Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]

     According to his opionion the most important necessity for an I.L. is the perfection, and not the amount of adherents, [...]

• (inherent tone): IPA^(key): /sá/

sá

1. to wash, to scrub.

   Ana m asa efere.

   I am washing plates.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa

sa

1. (Papuan) apocopic form of saya (“I (first person singular prononun)”)

sa

1. (Kupang) apocopic form of saja

sa

1. abbreviation of satuan astronomi

Borrowed from Sawai [Term?].

sa (plural sa-sa)

1. a pile of coral reefs that looks like a mountain and is located in the middle of the sea

• “sa”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from various Old Irish forms:

• Masculine and neuter singular dative: isin(d/t), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū.
• Feminine singular dative: isin(d/t), from Proto-Celtic *in sindai.
• Masculine singular accusative: isin, from Proto-Celtic *in sindom.
• Feminine singular accusative: isin, from Proto-Celtic *in sindam.
• Neuter singular accusative: isa.

• IPA^(key): /sˠə/

sa

1. contraction of i +‎ an

   Tá an fear sa bhád. ― The man is in the boat

   Tá na páistí ag súgradh sa tsráid. ― The children are playing in the street.

   Táimid inár suí sa seomra (or) tseomra. ― We are sitting in the room.

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *i an never appears uncontracted. Used before consonant sounds only; otherwise, san is used. Triggers:

• lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in Ulster varieties,
• lenition of b, c, g, m, p, changes initial s to ts, and triggers eclipsis of f in Munster varieties,
• eclipsis and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns while not affecting s in masculine nouns in Connacht varieties, with the exception of North Mayo which follows the convention in Munster and Ulster dialects
• in An Caighdeán Oifigiúil causes lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns (An Córas Lárnach) or all nouns (Córas an tSéimhithe).

Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

• Osborn Bergin (1916), “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
• McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gramadach na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil‎^[10], Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais, 2017, pages 8–10, 15–18

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sa”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “sa”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “sa”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

• sà (misspelling)

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa/^*[1]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: sà

sa

1. third-person singular present indicative of sapere (“to know”)

   Giovanni sa dov'è Laura. ― Giovanni knows where Laura is.

sa

1. The hiragana syllable さ (sa) or the katakana syllable サ (sa) in Hepburn romanization.

Jarai cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

sa

1. one

Kabyle numbers ^(edit)

←  6	7	8  →
Cardinal: sebɛa     Learned cardinal: sa

Learned borrowing from another Berber language^[1]. Compare Tashelhit sa.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa m (feminine sat)

1. (neologism) seven

   Synonym: sebɛa

• zan (Kamakan)

sa

1. (Kotoxo) water

• Chestmir Loukotka, La família lingüística Kamakan del Brasil
• Márcio Silva Martins Andérbio, Revisão da família lingüística Kamakã proposta por Chestmir Loukotka (thesis, Université de Brasilia, 2007 page 52)

clipping of sana.

IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsaː]

sá

1. (after the verb) particle used to express an unrealized intention or situation

   Manyambut lasa king pulayian, oneng misakab ya katawli. ― He would have won the race, but he tripped at the very end.

   Munta kusa bale mu, oneng menibayu ku isip. ― I originally intended to go to your house, but I changed my mind.

2. (after the verb + na or pa) used to express disappointment in a desired but unrealized result, especially due to an unfulfilled condition

   Magaral kupasa ngeni king pipagaralan nung alikumu migkasakit. ― I would have still been studying in school right now, if only I hadn't gotten sick.

3. sentence-final particle indicating emphasis

   Alisa! ― No, it's really not!

   Aa, balakusa... ― Ah, I almost thought that...

4. sentence-ending particle indicating familiarity or assertion

   Ayus yasa, paburen mune. ― It's totally fine, just let it be.

   Aliyasa. Pota makanita yamu. ― I hope it's really not. Maybe s/he's just like that.

5. (informal) a filler particle similar to na; ya; ne, kase

   Nokarin nakusa? ― Remind me, where am I again?

   Mayari nasa. ― I'm about to be finished.

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Tagalog sa, Cebuano sa, Hanunoo sa.

sa

1. (uncommon) sentence-final indirect object marker

   Synonyms: king, keng, panga-

   Mama sa awusan ke. ― I'm going to call mom.

   Nonka? Menila sa. ― Where are you? In Manila.

• sah

Cognate with Atong (India) sa, Bodo (India) से (se), Dimasa se, Garo sa, Rabha ছা

sa

1. one

• Binoy Debbarma, Concise Kokborok-English-Bengali Dictionary (2001)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ (“water; liquid; body fluid”). Cognate with Burmese သွေး (swe:).

sa

1. blood

• Dr. Ola Hanson, "A Dictionary of the Kachin Language" (1906).

sa

1. third-person singular present indicative of savéi

Borrowed from Swahili saa.

sa

1. watch (timepiece)

• sinā

A shorter form of sinā.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑ/, [ˈsɑ]

sa

1. you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee

• minā, ma
• tämā, ta

• Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra (in Livonian), Riga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sa”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[11] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Inherited from French sera (“will be”) or similar (e.g., seras), an inflection of French être (“to be”).

• IPA^(key): /sa/
• Rhymes: -a
• Homophones: ça, sâ

sa

1. (auxiliary, copulative) will be

sa

1. obsolete spelling of za

Reduced form of sua. Semantically derived from Cantonese 嘅 (ge³, possessive marker).

• sua

sa

1. particle appended after pronouns to denote ownership: -'s

   iou-sa filo ― my child

   êle-sa ― his; her; their (sg.)

   ilôtro-sa casa ― their (pl.) house

   uví mai-sa ladínha ― to listen to mother's scolding

• According to native speakers, sa is more commonly used than sua.
• The particle is not inflected for gender.
• Almost always spelt connected using a hyphen in the vast majority of writings, but not mandatory.

• su

Uncertain. Possibly from Portuguese sabe (“know”), thus a doublet of sábi.

• sa', sá

sa

1. expletive particle expressing confirmation or explanation

   Sâm diabo? Nunca, sâm tacho-sa!

   Is it the devil? No, it's a pot!

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm
• Batalha, Graciete Nogueira (1988), “sa”, in Glossário do dialecto macaense: notas linguísticas, etnográficas e folclóricas [Glossary of the Macanese dialect: linguistic, ethnographic and folkloric notes], Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, page 525

sa

1. (1924-1972) obsolete spelling of se

Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until; as far as; even”). The form, though without doubt unusual, might be explained from earlier *ħta by assimilation in fast speech. Compare Moroccan Arabic حتى (ḥta). Compare also Spanish hasta, which, if related, might point to the existence of an obsolete Maghrebi variant [script needed] (*ḥastā). Joseph Aquilina preferred to derive the Maltese form from a contraction of Italian sino a, variant of fino a (“until; as far as”). Both may also have reinforced each other.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. until

   Se nħobbok sal-aħħar nifs ta’ ħajti. ― I’ll love you until the last breath of my life.

2. as far as

sa (sa⁵ / sa⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄚ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿

sa

1. nonstandard spelling of sā
2. nonstandard spelling of sǎ
3. nonstandard spelling of sà

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

sa

1. tea

• Howard P. McKaughan, Batua A. Macaraya (1967), A Maranao Dictionary‎^[12] (overall work in Maranao and English), University of Hawaii Press

sa

1. water

• Timothy Leffel, Focus constructions in Masalit (New York University, 05/31/2011)

Likely from Proto-Chadic *sa (“to drink”).^[1] Cognate with Mpade se (“to drink”).

sa

1. to drink

   Kà uwana may azà à gi, kavàw à gi tatak may, nəlay akə̀s à gi, katə̀ɗàw gi iyaw gəsà, gəgà məlok gà, kakə̀sàw gi la ahàl səla. (Mata 25:35)^[2]

   For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink (literally, “so I drank”), I was a stranger and you welcomed me as a guest. (Matthew 25:35)

   Kəla uwabeyuwi uwana asà iyaw aŋa suwa uwanay, nəlay adàkəsay aya (Yuhana 4:13)^[3]

   Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again.(John 4:13)

Likely from Proto-Chadic *(-)sə (“to come”).^[4]

sa

1. to come

   La kità Yuhana asà à waŋ, azùw aw, asà aw, ŋgaha azladza tagòɗ kà: 'Masla la masasəɗok mawisiga.' (Mata 11:18)^[5]

   For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ (Matthew 11:18)

   La mavakay uwatà Yesu asà à uda la kay, ŋgaha ahàd adzà madzay la gay dərəv kà matapla tatak à azladza. (Matthew 13:1)^[6]

   ​On that day Jesus came out of the house and was sitting by the sea. (Matthew 13:1)

   "Sà à waŋ, sà à waŋ", tagòɗ à mamətsay, ama mamətsay ahòy atà à ahàl. (Mafətala 9:6)^[7]

   Come here, come here, they said to the death, but the death flew from them (Revelation 9:6)

From Canadian French sa.

• IPA^(key): [sa]

sa f (masculine soñ, plural sii)

1. his, her

sa

1. alternative form of sawe

Minangkabau cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

sa

1. one

• ciek

• sa-

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa.

sa (stem II sak)

1. to make, prepare
   • Vanglaini, 22 March 2025

     WhatsApp chuan January 1, 2025 aṭanga January 30, 2025 inkar khan India ramah WhatsApp account 9,967,000 bawr vel an ban sak tawh.

     During a period from January 1, 2025 to January 30, 2025, WhatsApp banned [lit. made a ban of] a total of around 9,967,000 WhatsApp accounts in India.

   1. to build
   2. to brew
   3. to sing a song or play music
   4. to knit together

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsə (“to be hot”).

sa (stem II sat)

1. hot

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n (“meat, flesh”).

sa

1. animal
2. meat, flesh

Northern Roglai cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

sa

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

sa

1. simple past of si

sa

1. past of seia

sa

1. emphasis marker

   Mii sa go ozhiitaawaad igo.

   They were getting ready.

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/sa-pc-disc

From Latin sua, feminine of suus.

sa f (masculine son, plural ses)

1. his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)

• French: sa

From Proto-Germanic *swa.

sā

1. so
2. as
3. or

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. feminine singular of seu

sa

1. feminine singular of seu

sa

1. alternative spelling of so

sa

1. he, it

sa

1. masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)

sa

1. vocative singular of san (“dog”)

Palu'e cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

sa

1. one

• sabi (synonym)

From Portuguese saber and Spanish saber and Kabuverdianu sabe.

sa

1. to know

From rasa (“very”).

• Rhymes: -a

sa

1. (cardinal number) one hundred

• Canese, Natalia Krivoshein de; Alcaraz, Feliciano Acosta (2016), “sa”, in Ñe’ẽryru [Dictionary] (overall work in Spanish), Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, →ISBN, page 100, column 1

• IPA^(key): /sá/, [sá]

sa

1. water

• Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, in Oceania Linguistic Monographs, issues 14-15 (1971)
• Transnewguinea.org, citing both D. Trefry, A comparative study of Kuman and Pawaian (1969) and G. E. MacDonald, The Teberan Language Family, pages 111-121, in The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Area, Papua New Guinea (editor K. J. Franklin) (1973)

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): [ˈsa]
  • (Northern Greater Poland) IPA^(key): [ˈsa]
  • (Eastern Greater Poland) IPA^(key): [ˈsa]

sa (not comparable)

1. (Northern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Kuyavia) alternative form of sam (“here”)

• Oskar Kolberg (1867), “sa”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 276
• Oskar Kolberg (1877), “sa”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 35

Rade cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

sa

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• IPA^(key): /sɑ˧/

sa

1. to wait.

sa

1. bird; fowl.

sa

1. all

From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a

sa f

1. feminine singular of său: his/her

sa f (possessive pronouns)

1. (preceded by "a") his/hers (that which is his or hers)

• s' (apocopated, used before vowels)

From Latin ipsa (“herself”), feminine of ipse (“himself”).

• IPA^(key): /su/

sa f (plural (Logudorese, Nuorese) sas or (Campidanese) is, masculine su)

1. (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese) the (feminine singular definite article)

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “ísse”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

• sa'

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).

sa

1. in the

   sa bhliadhna de dh'aois Chrìost ― in the year of our Lord, anno domini

• Triggers lenition.
• This form is used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p; otherwise san is used instead.
• Often understood to be a contraction of anns a', but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

• ann an
• anns

• Osborn Bergin (1916), “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
• McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

sa (Cyrillic spelling са)

1. alternative form of s; used instead of s when the following word or group of words start with sibilants s, z, š or ž and before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ja (mnom)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

• IPA^(key): /sa/, [sa]
• Rhymes: -a

sa

1. accusative of seba

   Vidím sa v zrkadle. ― I see myself in the mirror.

   Koho vidíš v zrkadle? Seba. ― Whom do you see in the mirror? Myself.

• In regular sentences, it must take the 2nd position.

  Modlím sa. ― I am praying.

• In the past tense, it takes the third 3rd while the inflected form of the verb byť takes the 2nd position.

  Modlil som sa. ― I was praying.

• In the conditional mood, it takes the 4th position of the sentences with the inflected form of byť occupying the 3rd position and the pronoun by taking the 2nd position.

  Modlil by som sa, keby... ― I would pray, if ...

• “sa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

From Proto-Athabaskan *šʷaˑ. Cognates include Navajo shá and Dogrib sa.

• IPA^(key): [sà(ʔ)]
• Hyphenation: sa

sa (stem -za-)

1. sun
2. month

• Keren Rice (1989), A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 215

-sa^?

1. to take

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

From English shall or borrowed from Dutch zal.

sa

1. Verbal marker for modal aspect.
2. Verbal marker for the future tense.

   Synonym: o

   • 1975, “Basya Adyuku koni”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam‎^[13], New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 86:

     A krabdagu taki: - Angri e kiri mi ba. A di mi si yu e nyan, ne mi kon.
     Adyuku taki: - We san mi e nyan, mi no sabi efu yu sa nyan en. Na kasaba dokun mi tyari. Efu yu sa nyan en, dan mi sa gi yu.

     The crab-eating raccoon said: 'I'm starving, brother. When I saw that you're eating, I came over immediately.
     Adyuku said: 'I say, I don't know whether you'll [want to] eat what I'm eating. I brought cassava duckanoo. If you'll eat it, then I'll give it to you.

   • 1999, Hillary de Bruin, “Liederen uit de praktijk van de duman [Songs from the Winti priest's practice]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis‎^[14], Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, →ISSN, page 152:

     Blesi sa kon bogobogo, Masra pramis' m'anga yu, Lek'wan alen a sa wiki, Kraf' den di bribi fu tru, Sula fu seigi, wan dei sa was' kon na gron, now wan tu dropu de spiti, ma sibibusi sa kon

     Blessing will come abundantly / the Lord promised to me and you / like a rainshower it will awaken / strengthen those who truly believe / With cataracts of blessing / one day the ground will be awash / now a few droplets are spitting / but torrential rains will come

From English saw.

sa

1. A saw (tool with a serrated blade, used for sawing).

sa

1. romanization of 𒊓 (sa)

-sá

1. to dawn

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Apocopic form of sade.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑː/
• Rhymes: -ɑː

sa

1. (somewhat informal) past indicative of säga

• -as, as

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Central Bikol sa, Cebuano sa, Hiligaynon sa, Waray-Waray ha, Tausug ha, and Gorontalo ta.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

1. (non-focused oblique case marker for nouns other than personal names): marks oblique participant/s within a clause that are not otherwise focused using the case marker "ang." This includes:
   1. the recipient or beneficiary of an action: to, for

      Binigay ko na ang lahat sa mga kaibigan ko. ― I already gave everything to my friends.

   2. the location of an entity or action: in; at; on (not used in a positive equational sentence)

      Wala siya sa opisina. ― He's not at the office.

      Sa Pilipinas ako ipinanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.

   3. the place of origin or where one is a native of: from, of (usually with galing or tubo)

      Tubo siya sa Cebu. ― He is a native of Cebu.

   4. the time of occurence: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)

      Sa Lunes kami uuwi. ― We're going home on Monday.

   5. (with verbs indicating motion towards something): movement or direction towards a location: to, toward

      Pupunta siya sa sinehan mamaya. ― He's going to the movies later.

   6. (with verbs indicating social/shared activities): accompaniment or association: with; together with; in company with

      Sumama si Juan sa tatay niya. ― Juan went with his father.

      Nakikisabay lang ako sa uso. ― I am just keeping up with the trend.

   7. (marking verbal nouns prefixed with pag- or pagka-): a prescribed point in time when something occurred: upon; on; at the time of

      Sa pagpasok niya sa bahay, tumunog ang telepono. ― Upon his entrance to the house, the telephone rang.

   8. the cause of an occurence: due to; from; of

      Namatay sila sa gutom. ― They died of hunger.

   9. the basis for an action to happen: on the basis of; on

      Lumabas ang estudyante sa pahintulot ng guro. ― The student went out based on the permission from the teacher.

   10. the utilization and dependence on something: on; through the use of

       Nabuhay sila sa tubig at tinapay lamang. ― They lived only on water and bread.

2. used in comparisons: than

   Synonym: kaysa

   Mas mabilis ang eroplano sa kotse mo. ― The airplane is faster than your car.

3. used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases

   sa pamamagitan ng ― by means of

   mula sa ― from

• For names of people or other living beings, kay or kina are used instead.
• For positive equational sentences (to indicate that an entity or action is present or held in a location), the word nasa is used instead.

  Nasa Pilipinas siya. ― He/she is in the Philippines.

• s — text messaging

• sa-

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

1. the name of the Latin script letter S/s, in the Abakada alphabet

   Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) es, (in the Abecedario) ese

See tsaa.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

1. obsolete form of tsa

• “sa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

sa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tashelhit numbers ^(edit)

	70
←  6	7	8  →
Cardinal: sa     Ordinal: wiss sa

Inherited from Proto-Berber. Cognate with Zenaga iššäh (“seven”), Ghadames sá (“seven”), Tuareg əssa (“seven”), Northern Saharan Berber sa (“seven”) and Guanche satti (“seven”).

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa m (feminine sat, Tifinagh spelling ⵙⴰ, Arabic spelling سا)

1. seven

   نڭا كولّوياغ سا. ― nga kulluyaġ sa. ― we are seven in total.

   سات تمغارين. ― sat tmġarin. ― seven women.

• Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 3 m—š (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/3) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 1926b

Inherited from Common Bantu *-ca (“empty”).

• IPA^(key): /sa/

-sa (declinable)

1. (rare) empty, bare

   Near-synonym: -onka

   bigere bisa ― barefoot

• busa (“naked; nothing”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[15], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 349
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[16], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 352
• Entry 9239 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

sa

1. dog

sa

1. (Internet) initialism of selamünaleyküm

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [saː˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

sa • (蹉, 沙, 莎)

1. to fall (especially from the sky); to drop down; to prolapse
2. to be caught (in a trap)
   • 2022, Trường Mai, “Trường Giang hai đầu về biển”, in báo Thời Nay‎^[17]:

     Điều lạ của rớ quay là phải dùng ánh sáng điện dẫn dụ mới đưa bầy cá sa lưới.

     The strange thing about the rotary net is that one needs to use electric light as a lure to get schools of fish to get caught in the net.

• sà
• sạ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紗.

sa

1. gauze

sa

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 沙 (“sand”)
2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 砂 (“sand”)

sa (not mutable)

1. (South Wales) first-person singular present negative colloquial of bod

   Sa i’n gwybod.

   I don’t know.

2. (colloquial) contraction of basai

Unlike other negative verb forms, the present negative form—and so, which is used for all other persons—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.

sa

1. so

• “sa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

• IPA^(key): /s̪a/

sa

1. (stative) to be bad
2. (stative) to be rotten

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[18], Pacific linguistics

Western Cham cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sa

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

• IPA^(key): /sa/

sa

1. one

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Compare Drehu xe (“smack”).

sa

1. hit

• Claire Moyse-Faurie, Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages, in Reciprocals and Reflexives: Theoretical and Typological Explorations

-sa^?

1. to take

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): [sâː]

sâ

1. Signifies scattering.

sa

1. you

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θa˨˦/
• Tone numbers: sa¹
• Hyphenation: sa

sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)

1. sand

sa (1957–1982 spelling sa)

1. sandy

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa.

• IPA^(key): /sà/
• Hyphenation: sa

sa

1. hot

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n.

• IPA^(key): /sǎ/
• Hyphenation: sa

sá

1. meat
2. animal

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tshaʔ.

• IPA^(key): /sâ/
• Hyphenation: sa

sà

1. dense, thick

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62

From Proto-Bantu *-kéa.

-sá

1. (intransitive) to dawn

Clipping of -yisa.

-sa

1. (transitive) to take to
2. (transitive) to convey, to send, to transfer

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”
• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”