mer

mer

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mer"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Meru and Meru Ameru.

Symbol

mer

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Meru.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Meru terms

English

Etymology 1

Clipping of polymer.

Noun

mer (plural mers)

  1. (chemistry) A repeat unit: a structural unit which through repetition forms a polymer.
    • 2010, Mikell P. Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing (4th Edition), page 9:
      A polymer is a compound formed of repeating structural units called mers, whose atoms share electrons to form very large molecules.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

mer pl (plural only)

  1. (fantasy) merpeople
    • 2013, Missy Fleming, Into the Deep, page 65:
      There are mermaids and mermen everywhere. They swim above us and linger in nooks and arched doorways. It's impossible not to stare. The mer are as diverse as humans—all ages, size, shape, and color.

Etymology 3

See mayor.

Pronunciation

  • Audio (US):(file)

Noun

mer (plural mers)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of mayor and mair.

Anagrams

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Late Latin mēlum, from Latin mālum. Compare Daco-Romanian măr.

Noun

mer n (plural meari/meare)

  1. apple
Derived terms
  • mirush

Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin *mēlus, from Latin mālus.

Noun

mer m (plural meri)

  1. apple tree
Derived terms
  • agrumer
  • miric

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin merus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

mer (feminine mera, masculine plural mers, feminine plural meres)

  1. mere, simple

Derived terms

Further reading

Cornish

Etymology 1

    From Old Cornish mair, from Proto-Brythonic *maɨr, from Latin maior (greater). Cognate with Breton and Welsh maer.

    Noun

    mer m (plural meryon)

    1. mayor
    Derived terms
    • meres f (mayor, mayoress)

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Brythonic *mer, from Proto-Celtic *smerus. Cognate with Breton mel, Irish and Scottish Gaelic smior, Manx smuirr, and Welsh mêr.

    Noun

    mer m

    1. (uncountable) bone marrow
    Derived terms

    Mutation

    Mutation of mer
    radical soft aspirate hard mixed
    mer ver unchanged unchanged fer,
    ver*

    * after 'th
    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Faroese

    Etymology

    From Old Norse merr, from Proto-Germanic *marhijō.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /meːɹ/
    • Rhymes: -eːɹ

    Noun

    mer f (genitive singular merar, plural merar)

    1. mare, female horse
      Synonym: ryssa

    Declension

    f6 singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative mer merin merar merarnar
    accusative mer merina merar merarnar
    dative mer merini merum merunum
    genitive merar merarinnar mera meranna

    French

    Etymology

      Inherited from Middle French mer, from Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

      The word is almost unparalleled as a Latin neuter that has become feminine without being a backformation from a plural in -a (French -e). This has been ascribed to the influence of terre (land). In most other Romance languages it is a masculine, the main exception being Romanian mare f.

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      mer f (plural mers)

      1. (countable) sea (large body of water)
        • 2018, Zaz, J'aime, j'aime:
          J'aime, j'aime, j'aime la solitude parfois. mais j'aime pas les cris quand ils ne s'arrêtent pas, quand les émotions me plongent en mer enragée, quand le manque de moi me fait divaguer.
          I love, I love, I sometimes love the loneliness/solitude. But I don't love the crying [cries] when it [they] won't stop, when the emotions plunge me into the enraged sea, when the absence of myself makes me wander.
      2. (uncountable, used with the definite article) the ocean (the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface)
        Synonym: océan

      Derived terms

      Descendants

      • Antillean Creole: lanmè
      • Haitian Creole: lanmè
      • Volapük: mel

      Further reading

      Hungarian

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈmɛr]
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɛr

      Etymology 1

      From Proto-Ugric *märɜ- (to believe, have faith in dare).[1]

      Verb

      mer

      1. (auxiliary with an infinitive) to dare (to have the courage to do something)
        Nem merek bemenni.I don’t dare to enter / I daren’t enter.
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of mer
      Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
      informal
      3rd person sg,
      2nd p. sg formal
      1st person pl 2nd person pl
      informal
      3rd person pl,
      2nd p. pl formal
      indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. merek mersz mer merünk mertek mernek
      def. merem mered meri merjük meritek merik
      2nd obj merlek
      past indef. mertem mertél mert mertünk mertetek mertek
      def. mertem merted merte mertük mertétek merték
      2nd obj mertelek
      future
      Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. merni fog.
      archaic
      preterite
      indef. merék merél mere merénk merétek merének
      def. merém meréd meré merénk merétek merék
      2nd obj merélek
      archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. mer vala, mert vala/volt.
      archaic future indef. merendek merendesz merend merendünk merendetek merendenek
      def. merendem merended merendi merendjük merenditek merendik
      2nd obj merendelek
      condi­tional pre­sent indef. mernék mernél merne mernénk mernétek mernének
      def. merném mernéd merné mernénk
      (or mernők)
      mernétek mernék
      2nd obj mernélek
      past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. mert volna
      sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. merjek merj or
      merjél
      merjen merjünk merjetek merjenek
      def. merjem merd or
      merjed
      merje merjük merjétek merjék
      2nd obj merjelek
      (archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. mert légyen
      infinitive merni mernem merned mernie mernünk mernetek merniük
      other
      forms
      verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
      merés merő mert merendő merve (mervén)
      The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
      (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
      Potential conjugation of mer
      Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
      informal
      3rd person sg,
      2nd p. sg formal
      1st person pl 2nd person pl
      informal
      3rd person pl,
      2nd p. pl formal
      indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. merhetek merhetsz merhet merhetünk merhettek merhetnek
      def. merhetem merheted merheti merhetjük merhetitek merhetik
      2nd obj merhetlek
      past indef. merhettem merhettél merhetett merhettünk merhettetek merhettek
      def. merhettem merhetted merhette merhettük merhettétek merhették
      2nd obj merhettelek
      archaic
      preterite
      indef. merheték merhetél merhete merheténk merhetétek merhetének
      def. merhetém merhetéd merheté merheténk merhetétek merheték
      2nd obj merhetélek
      archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. merhet vala, merhetett vala/volt.
      archaic future indef. merhetendek
      or merandhatok
      merhetendesz
      or merandhatsz
      merhetend
      or merandhat
      merhetendünk
      or merandhatunk
      merhetendetek
      or merandhattok
      merhetendenek
      or merandhatnak
      def. merhetendem
      or merandhatom
      merhetended
      or merandhatod
      merhetendi
      or merandhatja
      merhetendjük
      or merandhatjuk
      merhetenditek
      or merandhatjátok
      merhetendik
      or merandhatják
      2nd obj merhetendelek
      or merandhatlak
      condi­tional pre­sent indef. merhetnék merhetnél merhetne merhetnénk merhetnétek merhetnének
      def. merhetném merhetnéd merhetné merhetnénk
      (or merhetnők)
      merhetnétek merhetnék
      2nd obj merhetnélek
      past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. merhetett volna
      sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. merhessek merhess or
      merhessél
      merhessen merhessünk merhessetek merhessenek
      def. merhessem merhesd or
      merhessed
      merhesse merhessük merhessétek merhessék
      2nd obj merhesselek
      (archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. merhetett légyen
      infinitive (merhetni) (merhetnem) (merhetned) (merhetnie) (merhetnünk) (merhetnetek) (merhetniük)
      other
      forms
      positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
      merhető merhetetlen (merhetve / merhetvén)
      Derived terms
      Compound words
      Expressions

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Ugric *märɜ- (to dive, plunge).[2]

      Verb

      mer

      1. (transitive) to ladle, scoop (to get some liquid or grainy substance out of somewhere by turning in a bowl-shaped object and let it fill)
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of mer
      Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
      informal
      3rd person sg,
      2nd p. sg formal
      1st person pl 2nd person pl
      informal
      3rd person pl,
      2nd p. pl formal
      indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. merek mersz mer merünk mertek mernek
      def. merem mered meri merjük meritek merik
      2nd obj merlek
      past indef. mertem mertél mert mertünk mertetek mertek
      def. mertem merted merte mertük mertétek merték
      2nd obj mertelek
      future
      Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. merni fog.
      archaic
      preterite
      indef. merék merél mere merénk merétek merének
      def. merém meréd meré merénk merétek merék
      2nd obj merélek
      archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. mer vala, mert vala/volt.
      archaic future indef. merendek merendesz merend merendünk merendetek merendenek
      def. merendem merended merendi merendjük merenditek merendik
      2nd obj merendelek
      condi­tional pre­sent indef. mernék mernél merne mernénk mernétek mernének
      def. merném mernéd merné mernénk
      (or mernők)
      mernétek mernék
      2nd obj mernélek
      past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. mert volna
      sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. merjek merj or
      merjél
      merjen merjünk merjetek merjenek
      def. merjem merd or
      merjed
      merje merjük merjétek merjék
      2nd obj merjelek
      (archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. mert légyen
      infinitive merni mernem merned mernie mernünk mernetek merniük
      other
      forms
      verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
      merés merő mert merendő merve (mervén)
      The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
      (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
      Potential conjugation of mer
      Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
      informal
      3rd person sg,
      2nd p. sg formal
      1st person pl 2nd person pl
      informal
      3rd person pl,
      2nd p. pl formal
      indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. merhetek merhetsz merhet merhetünk merhettek merhetnek
      def. merhetem merheted merheti merhetjük merhetitek merhetik
      2nd obj merhetlek
      past indef. merhettem merhettél merhetett merhettünk merhettetek merhettek
      def. merhettem merhetted merhette merhettük merhettétek merhették
      2nd obj merhettelek
      archaic
      preterite
      indef. merheték merhetél merhete merheténk merhetétek merhetének
      def. merhetém merhetéd merheté merheténk merhetétek merheték
      2nd obj merhetélek
      archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. merhet vala, merhetett vala/volt.
      archaic future indef. merhetendek
      or merandhatok
      merhetendesz
      or merandhatsz
      merhetend
      or merandhat
      merhetendünk
      or merandhatunk
      merhetendetek
      or merandhattok
      merhetendenek
      or merandhatnak
      def. merhetendem
      or merandhatom
      merhetended
      or merandhatod
      merhetendi
      or merandhatja
      merhetendjük
      or merandhatjuk
      merhetenditek
      or merandhatjátok
      merhetendik
      or merandhatják
      2nd obj merhetendelek
      or merandhatlak
      condi­tional pre­sent indef. merhetnék merhetnél merhetne merhetnénk merhetnétek merhetnének
      def. merhetném merhetnéd merhetné merhetnénk
      (or merhetnők)
      merhetnétek merhetnék
      2nd obj merhetnélek
      past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. merhetett volna
      sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. merhessek merhess or
      merhessél
      merhessen merhessünk merhessetek merhessenek
      def. merhessem merhesd or
      merhessed
      merhesse merhessük merhessétek merhessék
      2nd obj merhesselek
      (archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. merhetett légyen
      infinitive (merhetni) (merhetnem) (merhetned) (merhetnie) (merhetnünk) (merhetnetek) (merhetniük)
      other
      forms
      positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
      merhető merhetetlen (merhetve / merhetvén)
      Derived terms

      (With verbal prefixes):

      • belemer
      • felmer
      • kimer
      • lemer
      • megmer
      • telemer
      • visszamer

      See also

      • Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs

      References

      1. ^ Entry #1806 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
      2. ^ Entry #1805 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

      Further reading

      • (to dare): mer in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
      • (to ladle): mer in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

      Hunsrik

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /mɐ/

      Pronoun

      mer

      1. unstressed dative of ich.

      Inflection

      Hunsrik personal pronouns
      nominative accusative dative
      proclitic enclitic stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
      singular 1st person ich
      eich
      -ich mich
      meich
      meer mer
      m'r
      2nd person
      (informal)
      du
      dau/Dau
      -du, -de
      -Dau, -De
      dich
      deich/Deich
      deer der
      d'r/D'r
      3rd
      person
      m er; där -er ihn en ihm em
      f sie; die -se sie / ihns se eer
      ehr
      re
      n es; das
      et, 't
      's es
      et

      -et, -'t
      ihm em
      plural 1st person meer mer uns
      uhs
      2nd person deer
      Ehr, Dehr
      der eich
      Auch
      3rd person sie; die -se sie se denne

      Further reading

      • Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “mer”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch

      Kashubian

      Etymology

        Borrowed from German Low German mär.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈmɛr/
        • Rhymes: -ɛr
        • Syllabification: mer

        Adjective

        mer (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

        1. soft; flabby, pliable, flexible

        Adverb

        mer (not comparable)

        1. softly, supplely, pliably

        Further reading

        • mer”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

        Livonian

        Alternative forms

        Etymology

        From Proto-Finnic *meri. Akin to Finnish meri.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈmeˀr/, [ˈmeˀr]

        Noun

        me’r

        1. sea

        Declension

        Declension of me’r (83)
        singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
        nominative (nominatīv) me’r mierūd
        genitive (genitīv) mie’r mierūd
        partitive (partitīv) mīerda meŗḑi
        dative (datīv) mie’rrõn mierūdõn
        instrumental (instrumentāl) mie’rkõks mierūdõks
        illative (illatīv) mie’rrõ mierīž
        inessive (inesīv) mie’rsõ me’ŗši
        elative (elatīv) mie’rstõ me’ŗšti

        Derived terms

        References

        • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “me’r”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

        Lolopo

        Etymology

        From Proto-Loloish *mo² (Bradley). Cognate with Nuosu (mo mu).

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): [mɯ²¹]

        Noun

        mer

        1. (Yao'an) sky, heaven

        Luxembourgish

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /mɐ/

        Pronoun

        mer

        1. unstressed form of mir

        Declension

        Luxembourgish personal pronouns
        nominative accusative dative reflexive
        stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
        singular 1st person ech mech mir mer like dat. and acc.
        2nd person informal du de dech dir der like dat. and acc.
        formal Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
        3rd person m hien en hien en him em sech
        f si se si se hir er sech
        n hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
        plural 1st person mir mer eis (ons) eis (ons) eis (ons)
        2nd person dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
        3rd person si se si se hinnen en sech

        Megleno-Romanian

        Alternative forms

        Etymology

        From Vulgar Latin *mēlus, from Latin mālus.[1] Compare Romanian măr.

        Noun

        mer m

        1. apple tree

        References

        • Atasanov, Petar (1990), Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske

        Middle English

        Noun

        mer

        1. (Lincolnshire, Early Scots) alternative form of mare (horse, mare)

        Middle French

        Etymology

          Inherited from Old French mer, from Latin mare.

          Noun

          mer f (plural mers)

          1. sea (large body of water)

          Descendants

          Middle High German

          Etymology

            Inherited from Old High German meri.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈmer/

            Noun

            mer n

            1. sea

            Declension

            Descendants

            • Alemannic German: Meer
            • Bavarian:
            • Central Franconian:
            • German: Meer
            • Yiddish: מער (mer)

            References

            • Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “mer”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
            • Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “mer”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch[2] (in German), 3rd edition

            Mòcheno

            Etymology

            From Middle High German mir, from Old High German mir, from Proto-Germanic *miz, dative and instrumental of *ek. Cognate with German mir, English me.

            Pronoun

            mer

            1. dative of i: me, to me

            References

            Ndom

            Numeral

            mer

            1. six

            References

            Northern Kurdish

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /mɛɾ/

            Noun

            mer f

            1. spade (a garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging)

            Norwegian Bokmål

            Alternative forms

            Etymology

            From Old Norse meiri.

            Adjective

            mer

            1. comparative degree of mye

            Adverb

            mer

            1. more; used in forming the comparative form of long/foreign adjectives

            Derived terms

            See also

            References

            Old French

            Etymology

              Inherited from Latin mare.

              Noun

              mer oblique singularf (oblique plural mers, nominative singular mer, nominative plural mers)

              1. sea (large body of water)

              Descendants

              Old Saxon

              Etymology

              From Proto-Germanic *maiz.

              Adverb

              mēr

              1. more

              Pennsylvania German

              Etymology 1

              Cognate to German wir, mir.

              Pronoun

              mer

              1. we, first person plural nominative pronoun.
              Declension
              Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
              Number singular plural
              Person/
              Gender
              1st 2nd person 3rd person 1st 2nd 3rd
              familiar polite/formal m f n
              nominative ich du
              de1
              dihr
              der1
              Sie
              er sie
              se1
              es mir
              mer1
              dihr
              der1
              sie
              dative mir
              mer1
              dir
              der1
              eich
              Ihne
              Ne1
              ihm
              em1
              ihre
              re1
              ihm
              em1
              uns eich ihne
              ne1
              accusative mich dich eich
              Sie
              ihn
              en1
              sie
              se1
              es sie

              1 unstressed

              Alternative forms

              Etymology 2

              Cognate to German mir.

              Pronoun

              mer

              1. dative of ich: me, to me
              Declension
              Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
              Number singular plural
              Person/
              Gender
              1st 2nd person 3rd person 1st 2nd 3rd
              familiar polite/formal m f n
              nominative ich du
              de1
              dihr
              der1
              Sie
              er sie
              se1
              es mir
              mer1
              dihr
              der1
              sie
              dative mir
              mer1
              dir
              der1
              eich
              Ihne
              Ne1
              ihm
              em1
              ihre
              re1
              ihm
              em1
              uns eich ihne
              ne1
              accusative mich dich eich
              Sie
              ihn
              en1
              sie
              se1
              es sie

              1 unstressed

              Alternative forms

              Etymology 3

              (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

              Pronoun

              mer

              1. one, indefinite third person singular nominative pronoun.

              References

              • Kate Burridge, Changes with Pennsylvania German, in Ethnosyntax (2002), page 226: mer saage nett [] (we don't say [] )

              Polish

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /ˈmɛr/
              • Audio:(file)
              • Rhymes: -ɛr
              • Syllabification: mer

              Etymology 1

              Borrowed from French maire. Doublet of major.

              Noun

              mer m pers

              1. mayor (in France and other countries, the chief executive of the municipal government of a city, borough, etc.)
              Declension
              Derived terms
              adjective
              • merowski

              Etymology 2

              Borrowed from English mer, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros).

              Noun

              mer m inan

              1. (chemistry) mer, repeat unit
              Declension

              Further reading

              • mer”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
              • mer”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[4] (in Polish)

              Romansh

              Alternative forms

              Etymology

              From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

              Noun

              mer m (plural mers)

              1. (Puter) sea

              Sougb

              Noun

              mer

              1. language

              References

              • The Eastern Bird's Head languages compared, in Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head (2002)

              Swedish

              Etymology

              From Old Swedish mēr, from Old Norse meir, from Proto-Germanic *maiz.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /meːr/
              • Audio:(file)

              Adjective

              mer

              1. Comparative form of mycket, used in construction of comparative form of certain adjectives; more.

              References

              Anagrams

              Walloon

              Etymology

              From Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /meʀ/

              Noun

              mer ? (plural mers)

              1. sea

              Welsh

              Adjective

              mer

              1. nasal mutation of ber (short)

              Mutation

              Mutated forms of ber
              radical soft nasal aspirate
              ber fer mer unchanged

              Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
              All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.