ber

ber

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Berber languages.

• bair, bear, bér, bèr, bër, bher, bir

Borrowed from Hindi बेर (ber).

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bâr, IPA^(key): /bɛə(ɹ)/
• (India) enPR: bâr, IPA^(key): [beːɾ]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)

ber (plural bers)

1. A fruit-bearing tree (Ziziphus mauritiana); Indian jujube.

• ber month

• ber listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd ed., 1989] (paywall)

• 'erb, BrE, Bre, Erb, REB, Reb, reb

From Proto-Albanian *bōr-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōrs-, from root *bʰers- (“point, tip bolt”). Cognate to Old Irish barr (“point”).^[1]

ber m (plural berë, definite beri, definite plural berët)

1. bow, arc, arch
2. arrow
3. javelin, lance
4. European whipsnake (Dolichophis jugularis, syn. Coluber jugularis)

• beronjë

• ylber, bërryl

• bèar (Sette Comuni)

Inherited from Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

ber

1. (Luserna) who

   Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist. ― Wherever you go, remember who you are.

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛr]
• Rhymes: -ɛr

ber

1. second-person singular imperative of brát

• erb

ber

1. bare, uncovered

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Inherited from Old Norse ber, from Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją.

ber n (genitive singular bers, plural ber)

1. berry

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ber

1. inflection of bera:
   1. third-person singular present
   2. second-person singular imperative

Inherited from Middle French berz, from Vulgar Latin *bertium (“little cradle”), from Gaulish.

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

ber m (plural bers)

1. (nautical) a cradle that holds a ship before and during its launch

• “ber”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

• IPA^(key): /pɛːr/
• Rhymes: -ɛːr

From Old Norse berr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz.

ber (comparative berari, superlative berastur)

1. bare
2. bare, naked
3. uncovered
4. discovered

   Hann varð ber að lygi.

   He was caught lying.

• allsber
• berrassaður
• ber er hver að baki, nema sér bróður eigi

From Old Norse ber, from Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją.

ber n (genitive singular bers, nominative plural ber)

1. berry

ber

1. inflection of bērt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of bērt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of bērt

Inherited from Old English bēor, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.

• beer, beere, beir, bere
• beyr (Early Scots); beor, bor (Southern, West Midland); beyre (Promptorium Parvulorum)

• IPA^(key): /beːr/
• IPA^(key): /bøːr/ (Southern, West Midland)

ber (uncountable)

1. beer (alcoholic beverage made from malted grain, especially flavoured with hops)

• English: beer (see there for further descendants)
• Middle Scots: beir, bere, bear, beare, beere (Anglicised)
  • Scots: beer

• “bẹ̄r, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “beer, n.¹.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

ber

1. (rare) alternative form of bere (“barley”)

• bëre, për

Inherited from Old High German bëro.

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈbɛr/

bër m

1. bear

• Alemannic German: Bärr
• Cimbrian: per
• Mòcheno: per
• German: Bär
• Rhine Franconian:
  • Hunsrik: Bäer
  • Luxembourgish: Bier
• Vilamovian: baor, bar
• Yiddish: בער (ber)

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “ber”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
• Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “ber”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), 3rd edition

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *ber, from Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”).

ber (plural bereu)

1. spear, lance, pike
2. spit, skewer

• Welsh: bêr

Inherited from Latin vidēre.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeɾ/ [ˈbeɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: ber

ber (first-person singular present beio, first-person singular preterite bi, past participle bido or bisto)

1. to see
   • 2013 [1943], Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, chapter I, in Ana Afonso, transl., L Princepico, ASA, translation of Le Petit Prince (in French), →ISBN:

     Quando you tenie seis anhos, bi ua beça ua eimaige mi guapa nun lhibro subre la floresta birge que se chamaba "Stórias Bibidas".

     Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, about the primeval forest.

• Moisés, Pires (2004), “ber”, in Pequeno vocabulário Mirandês-Português [Small Mirandese-Portuguese Vocabulary], 2nd edition, Miranda do Douro: Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro, published 2019, →ISBN, page 125.

ber

1. Marks the superlative degree of an adjective: most

   ‎to (“expensive”) → ‎to ber (“most expensive”)

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “ber”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

ber

1. unstressed form of biar

• “ber” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

• bzhe

• IPA^(key): [bɚ˧]
• Hyphenation: ber

ber

1. (stative) to be full (of)

• Štěpán Pavlík (2017), The Description of Namuzi Language‎^[3], Prague: Charles University (PhD Thesis), page 119

• bad (Föhr-Amrum)
• bade (Mooring)

From Proto-Germanic *bidjaną.

• (Sylt) IPA^(key): [b̥ɛɐ̯]

ber

1. (Sylt) to ask politely, to beg, request

From the same root as Etymology 2 below.

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

ber m (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. front, face

   Synonym: pêşî

Slightly under the influence of Persian بر (“on, over”) (akin to wer (“prefix meaning "around"”)) but from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front; around”). The change in meaning of this word in Northwest Iranic languages can be seen in Parthian [script needed] (par, “to; at”) also.

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

ber (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. (temporal and spatial) before; in front of; toward
2. in, under

Likely from Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”).

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

ber m (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. stone, rock
   1. particularly a small stone

      Antonym: kevir

2. bullet

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Hyphenation: ber

ber f (Arabic spelling بەڕ)

1. kilim (type of carpet)

Compare Persian بر (bar, “fruit”).

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

ber m or f (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. fruit

   Synonyms: êmîş, fîkî, mêwe

2. (figurative) product

• IPA^(key): /bɛˤɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛʕɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

be'r f (Arabic spelling بەعر)

1. alternative form of behr (“sea”)

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 45
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 45
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber III”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 46
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber̄ IV”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 46
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber V”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 47
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “be‘r VI”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 47

ber

1. present of be

ber

1. present tense of bera
2. imperative of bera

ber

1. present tense of be

• bre

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъrъ.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈbɛr/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈbɛr/

ber m inan

1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

• Czech: bér

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “ber”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

• bǣr

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old High German bāra.

• IPA^(key): /beːr/
• Rhymes: -eːr

bēr f

1. bier; a litter to transport dead people

Strong ō-stem:

• Middle English: bere, beere, beer
  • Scots: bere, beir
  • English: bier

ber m

1. nominative singular of baron

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲeɾ/

·ber

1. first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of beirid

From Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją, whence also Old English berġe, Old High German beri.

ber n (genitive plural berja)

1. berry

• Icelandic: ber
• Faroese: ber
• Norwegian: bær
• Old Swedish: bær
  • Swedish: bär
• Old Danish: bær
  • Danish: bær

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ber

1. inflection of berr (“bare”):
   1. strong feminine nominative singular
   2. strong neuter nominative/accusative plural

ber

1. inflection of bera:
   1. first-person singular present indicative active
   2. second-person singular imperative active
2. inflection of berja:
   1. first-person singular present indicative active
   2. second-person singular imperative active

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “ber”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъrъ. First attested in 1409.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /bɛr/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /bɛr/

ber m animacy unattested

1. (attested in Greater poland) foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
   • 1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎^[4], number 2650:

     Ber iocues, panicus

     [Ber iocues, panicus]

   • 1920 [1409], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1398, Płońsk:

     Yacom ne popasl Recziboroui poltory copi brw

     [Jakom nie popasł Reciborowi połtory kopy bru]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 95r:

     Panichium est legumen quoddam proprie fenchel ber

     [Panichium est legumen quoddam proprie fenchel ber]

• Polish: ber

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “ber”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ber”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “ber”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Borrowed from Middle Low German bâr / bare

ber m ?

1. bear

• Lehr-Spławiński, T.; Polański, K. (1962), “ber”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław; Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 30
• Polański, Kazimierz; James Allen Sehnert (1967), “ber”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 37
• Olesch, Reinhold (1962), “Báar”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 10

Inherited from Old Polish ber.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: ber

ber m inan

1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

or

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: ber

ber f

1. genitive plural of bera

• “ber”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[5] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “ber”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Danuta Lankiewicz (22.02.2016), “BER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 115

ber

1. present indicative of be

• bre

Tatar cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : ber     Ordinal : berençe

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

ber (Cyrillic spelling бер)

1. one

Borrowed from English bear (Ursidae).

• IPA^(key): [beɾ]

ber (genitive bera, plural bers)

1. (male or female) bear (ursid)

• “ber”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “not in GPC”)

ber f (plural berrau)

1. leg, shank

   Synonyms: coes, esgair, hegl, gomach

ber

1. feminine singular of byr

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ber”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• baar

From Middle English beren, baren, from Old English beran, from Proto-West Germanic *beran.

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/, /baːr/

ber

1. to bear, to carry

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26

ber

1. third person singular pronoun

• bers third person plural

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

From Proto-Iranian *dwā́r.

• IPA^(key): [ber]
• Hyphenation: ber

ber m

1. door