per

per

See also: Appendix:Variations of "per"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Persian.

Symbol

per

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Persian.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Persian terms

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    From Latin per (through, during), from Proto-Indo-European *per. Doublet of par.

    Preposition

    per

    1. For each.
      Admission is £10 per person.
      miles per gallon
      beats per minute
      $2.50 per dozen
      • 2023 April 5, Thomas Schlacher, “Joel Embiid vs. Nikola Jokić vs. Giannis Antetokounmpo: What’s the latest in the race to become the NBA MVP?”, in CNN[1]:
        The Nuggets star is averaging 24.9 PPG, 11.9 RPG (rebounds per game) and an agonizing 9.9 APG (assists per game) – demonstrating Jokić’s incredible all-around ability.
    2. To each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
      12 inches per foot
      100 centimeters per meter
    3. (medicine) By the, through the (with name of body part in Latin).
      Introduce the endoscope per nasum.
      The medication is to be administered per os.
    4. In accordance with, as per.
      I parked my car at the curb per your request.
      Implement a program that computes the approximate grade level needed to comprehend some text, per the below.
      Note that while the walkthrough illustrates that words may be separated by more than one space, you may assume, per the specifications above, that no sentences will contain more than one space in a row.
    5. According to.
      Bucks trading for Patrick Beverley, per sources
      The Heat were too close to the luxury tax line -- $1.6 million over before this trade, per ESPN's Bobby Marks
    Usage notes
    • In senses equivalent to "each", per is typically followed by a singular noun phrase with no determiner.
      Take one pill per day, not *Take one pill per a day.
    • The common exception is its use with plural noun phrases, although these are almost always limited to large round numbers such as 100, 1,000, 10,000...
      The abortion rate in the U.S. has dropped since 1980 from nearly 30 per 1,000 women of childbearing age to less than 20.
    • In medical senses, per is followed by the name of an orifice in Latin rather than English (for example, per os, per rectum, per vaginam); in the postwar era there has been a continual shift toward preferring an English equivalent, especially but not solely when communicating with patients: by mouth or orally, rectally, vaginally, etc. (More at Wikipedia at plain language.)
    Synonyms
    Derived terms
    Translations
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

    Etymology 2

    Clipping of person, coined by American novelist and poet Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

    Pronoun

    per (third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)

    1. (rare, nonstandard) They (singular). Gender-neutral neologistic third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
      • 1997 April 22, Anthony and Joy Hilbert, “ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):
        This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?
    2. (rare, nonstandard) Them (singular) Neologistic gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, suggested for use in place of him and her.
      • 1997 April 22, Anthony and Joy Hilbert, “ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):
        This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?
      • 1998, Katherine Phelps, “Odysseus, She”, in Storytronics[2]:
        "Kalypso!" I call out as phe disappears on the horizon. I did not know it, but I loved per.
      • 2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:
        Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.
    Synonyms
    Hyponyms
    Derived terms

    Determiner

    per

    1. (rare, nonstandard) Belonging to per; their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with gendered his and her.
      • 2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:
        Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.
    Synonyms
    Hyponyms
    Derived terms

    See also

    • other attested

    Anagrams

    Aragonese

    Etymology

    Inherited from Old Navarro-Aragonese per, from Latin per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /pe(ɾ)/
    • Syllabification: per
    • Rhymes: -e(ɾ)

    Preposition

    per

    1. through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs
    2. at, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs
    3. during, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs
    4. because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken
    5. by: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action
    6. for each; for every
    7. a, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange

    Usage notes

    • In eastern dialects, when the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el sg, els pl or los pl, it is contracted with it to the forms pel sg or pels pl respectively.

    Alternative forms

    • por (western dialects)

    Further reading

    Aragonario

    Aromanian

    Alternative forms

    Etymology 1

    From Latin pilus. Compare Romanian păr.

    Noun

    per m (plural peri)

    1. hair

    Etymology 2

    From Latin pirus. Compare Romanian păr.

    Noun

    per m (plural peri)

    1. pear tree

    Asturian

    Etymology

    From Latin per.

    Preposition

    per

    1. through, out (through somewhere)
      Foron pel camín
      They went through the path
    2. by means of, by way of, by, via
      Mandótelo per corréu lletrónicu
      He/She sent it to you via email
    3. for, during (a period of time)
      Tuvieron per trés díes na montaña
      They were in the mountain for three days
    4. per, each
      Son diez euros per artículu
      It costs ten euros per item

    Derived terms

    Breton

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Breton per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Cornish per, Welsh pêr.

    Noun

    per f (singulative perenn)

    1. pears
    Derived terms
    • gwez-per
    • per-douar
    • pereg
    • perenn
    • perenneg
    • perennek
    • perid
    • sistr per

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Compare Cornish per, Welsh pair.

    Noun

    per m (plural perioù)

    1. cauldron
    • chaoudouron
    • kaoter
    • pothouarn

    Catalan

    Etymology

    Inherited from Old Catalan per, from Latin per, appropriating the senses of Latin prō as well.

    Pronunciation

    Preposition

    per

    1. through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs
    2. at, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs
    3. during, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs
    4. because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken
    5. (when followed by a verbal noun) used in indicating the activity one intends to do because of an action
      El meu germà anirà a Tahití per vacar a la platja.
      My brother will go to Tahiti (in order) to vacation on the beach.
    6. by: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action
    7. for each; for every
    8. a, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange

    Usage notes

    • When the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el sg or els pl, it is contracted with it to the forms pel sg or pels pl respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to per l’ takes precedence over contracting to pel.

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    Chungli Ao

    Etymology

    From Proto-Central Naga *ph-rə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mrul.

    Noun

    per

    1. snake

    Further reading

    • Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga[3], Berkeley: University of California, page 207
    • Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 51
    • Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 162

    Cimbrian

    Etymology 1

    From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (bear). Cognate with German Bär, English bear.

    Noun

    per m

    1. (Luserna) bear

    References

    Etymology 2

    From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją (berry). Cognate with German Beere, English berry.

    Noun

    per n (plural pern)

    1. (Luserna) berry
    Derived terms

    References

    Cornish

    Etymology

    From Middle Cornish per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Breton per, Welsh pêr.

    Noun

    per (collective, singulative peren f)

    1. pears

    Derived terms

    • perbren (pear tree)

    Mutation

    Mutation of per
    radical soft aspirate hard mixed
    per ber fer unchanged unchanged

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Czech

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]

    Etymology 1

    Noun

    per

    1. genitive plural of pero

    Etymology 2

    Verb

    per

    1. second-person singular imperative of prát

    Danish

    Preposition

    per

    1. for each; for every
      Synonym: (abbreviation) pr.
      Motoren roterer 1000 gange per minut.The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

    Dutch

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /pɛr/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: per
    • Rhymes: -ɛr

    Preposition

    per

    1. for each; for every; per
      De motor draait 1000 toeren per minuut.
      The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.
    2. by means of
      Kom je per auto of per spoor?
      Are you coming by car or by rail?

    Derived terms

    Anagrams

    Esperanto

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /per/
    • Audio 1:(file)
    • Audio 2:(file)
    • Audio 3:(file)
    • Rhymes: -er
    • Syllabification: per

    Preposition

    per

    1. by means of, with
      Li skribis per plumo.He wrote with a pen.

    See also

    Further reading

    Finnish

    Etymology

    From Latin per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈper/, [ˈpe̞r]
    • Rhymes: -er
    • Syllabification(key): per
    • Hyphenation(key): per

    Preposition

    per [with nominative]

    1. per (for each, to each)
      Synonyms: kohden, kohti, (ablative case) -lta
      viisi euroa per metrifive euros per metre
    2. (business, accounting) per (indicating date, due date, date of maturity, etc.)
      Laskumme 1 000 e per 15.6.Our invoice for Eur 1,000 due on 15 June
      Tilin saldo per 31.12.Account balance on 31 December

    Further reading

    German

    Etymology

    From Late Middle High German per (15th c.), from Latin per, in part through Italian per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /pɛr/, [pɛʁ], [pɛɐ̯]
    • Audio (Germany (Berlin)):(file)

    Preposition

    per [with dative or accusative]

    1. by, by means of, through, via
      Synonyms: durch, anhand
      Diese Frage kann nicht per Verordnung, sondern muss per Gesetz geregelt werden.
      This matter cannot be regulated by decree, but must be regulated by law.
    2. (commercial parlance) by (a date)
      Synonyms: ab, zu
      Lieferung per sofortto be delivered as soon as possible (literally, “delivery by immediately”)
    3. (dated) per, for (each)
      Synonyms: je, pro
      fünf Euro per Quadratmeterfive euro per square meter

    Usage notes

    • Per is generally followed by a noun without any article or determiner, meaning that case is seldom relevant. When evident, it is usually dative or accusative, but even genitive or nominative may be encountered: per internationalem / internationalen Haftbefehl (substandard also per internationalen Haftbefehls, per internationaler Haftbefehl).

    Derived terms

    • per Du
    • per Sie

    References

    • per” in Duden online
    • per”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache[5] (in German)

    Hungarian

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: per
    • Rhymes: -ɛr

    Etymology 1

    Back-formation from perel.[1]

    Alternative forms

    Noun

    per (plural perek)

    1. (law) action, suit, lawsuit
      Synonyms: eljárás, kereset
    Declension
    Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
    singular plural
    nominative per perek
    accusative pert pereket
    dative pernek pereknek
    instrumental perrel perekkel
    causal-final perért perekért
    translative perré perekké
    terminative perig perekig
    essive-formal perként perekként
    essive-modal
    inessive perben perekben
    superessive peren pereken
    adessive pernél pereknél
    illative perbe perekbe
    sublative perre perekre
    allative perhez perekhez
    elative perből perekből
    delative perről perekről
    ablative pertől perektől
    non-attributive
    possessive – singular
    peré pereké
    non-attributive
    possessive – plural
    peréi perekéi
    Possessive forms of per
    possessor single possession multiple possessions
    1st person sing. perem pereim
    2nd person sing. pered pereid
    3rd person sing. pere perei
    1st person plural perünk pereink
    2nd person plural peretek pereitek
    3rd person plural perük pereik
    Derived terms
    Compound words

    Etymology 2

    From Latin per (through).[2]

    Adverb

    per

    1. per
      kilométer per órakilometers per hour
    2. (mathematics) divided by
      3/5, három per öt3:5, three divided by five
    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ per in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
    2. ^ István Tótfalusi (2005), Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára [A Storehouse of Foreign Words: An Explanatory and Etymological Dictionary of Foreign Words], Budapest: Tinta, →ISBN

    Further reading

    • (action, lawsuit): per in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
    • (per, divided by): per in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

    Ido

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Esperanto perEnglish perFrench parItalian perSpanish por, ultimately from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /per/, /pɛɾ/

    Preposition

    per

    1. by means of, by, with (some means)
      Ilu batis me per bastono.He beat me with a stick.
    2. (mathematics) multiplied by, times
      Quar per kin esas duadek.Four times five is twenty.
      Un per un esas un.One times one is one.

    Derived terms

    • per ke (through the fact that)

    See also

    • da (by)
    • kun (with (in company with))

    Indonesian

    Etymology 1

    From Dutch veer (feather, spring), a contraction of veder, from Middle Dutch vedere, from Old Dutch fethara, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (feather, wing), from *peth₂- (to fly). The sense "spring" is derived from the ability of feathers to resume their shape when bent.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    pèr (plural per-per)

    1. spring, a mechanical device made of flexible or coiled material that exerts force and attempts to spring back when bent, compressed, or stretched
      Synonym: pegas
    2. (colloquial) arc lamp
      Synonyms: bohlam, bola lampu listrik, lampu busur
    Alternative forms
    • pir (nonstandard)
    Derived terms
    • berper
    • mengeper

    Compounds

    • per keong

    Etymology 2

    From Dutch per, from Latin per (through, during), from Proto-Indo-European *per.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈpər]
    • Hyphenation: pêr

    Preposition

    pêr

    1. per,
      1. for each
        Synonym: tiap
      2. to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units)
        Synonyms: bagi, demi
      3. by the, by means of the, via the, through the
        Synonym: dengan
    2. (temporal preposition) since, as, as of, as per
      Synonyms: mulai, sejak, pada
    3. through, during, throughout
    4. (mathematics) Divided by.
    Alternative forms
    • pir (nonstandard)

    Further reading

    Interlingua

    Etymology

    From Latin per, which is the predecessor of French par, Italian per, Spanish par and Spanish pro.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /per/

    Preposition

    per

    1. through, during, throughout
      Io evadeva per un tunnel secrete.
      I escaped through a secret tunnel.
      Per uso pote formar vapor inflammabile.
      May form flammable fumes during usage.
    2. by (the agency of), through, by means of
      Su via a successo era per opera dur.
      His/her path to success was through hard work.
    3. per, for each
      Admission costa 10 € per persona.
      Admission costs €10 per person.

    Italian

    Etymology

      From Latin per,[1] taking many roles from Latin pro.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /per/
      • Rhymes: -er
      • Hyphenation: per

      Preposition

      per

      1. for
        Ma io l'ho fatto per te!But I did it for you!
        Te lo vendo per appena trecento euroI'll sell it you for only three hundred euro
        Ho studiato per tre oreI studied for three hours
        Questo è il treno per LondraThis is the train for London
      2. to, in order to [with infinitive]
        Vado a Londra per vedere il Big Ben.I go to London to see Big Ben.
      3. through
        Sono passato per il centroI passed through the center
      4. in or on
        Camminava ansiosamente per la stanzaHe was pacing anxiously about the room
      5. by
        Te lo invio per postaI'll send it to you by mail
      6. with
      7. as

      Usage notes

      • When followed by the definite article, per can be combined with the article to give the following combined forms (old-fashioned, very rarely used, except for pel, pei):
      per + article Combined form per + article Combined form
      per + il pel per + i pei, pe'
      per + l' pell'
      per + lo pello per + gli pegli
      per + la pella per + le pelle

      Derived terms

      See also

      References

      1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

      Anagrams

      Ladin

      Etymology

      From Latin per.

      Preposition

      per

      1. for
      2. through
      3. in or on
      4. by
      5. with
      6. as

      Latin

      Alternative forms

      • (Mediaeval sigil)

      Etymology

        From Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Lithuanian per, Albanian për and English for.

        The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.

        Pronunciation

        Preposition

        per (+ accusative)

        1. through, by means of
        2. throughout, during

        Derived terms

        Descendants

        • Eastern Romance:
          • Aromanian: pri, pi, pre
          • Romanian: pre, pe, , pi
        • Istriot: par
        • Italo-Romance:
        • Franco-Provençal: per
        • Old Leonese:
        • Old Occitan:
        • Old Navarro-Aragonese: per
        • Old French: par
          • Middle French: par
          • Lorrain: poir
          • Picard: per
        • Old Galician-Portuguese: per
          • Portuguese: por
        • Old Spanish: per
        • Rhaeto-Romance:
        • Venetan: per
        • Danish: per
        • Dutch: per
        • English: per
        • Finnish: per
        • German: per
        • Hungarian: per
        • Norwegian: per
        • Swedish: per
        • Esperanto: per

        References

        • per”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
        • per”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
        • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[6], London: Macmillan and Co.
          • to bring a stream of water through the garden: aquam ducere per hortum
          • to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes)
          • to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
          • to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid
          • in a dream: per somnum, in somnis
          • in a dream: per quietem, in quiete
          • under the pretext, pretence of..: per causam (with Gen.)
          • when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs: per occasionem
          • a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
          • to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
          • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
          • to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
          • I said it in jest: haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi
          • to correspond with some one: colloqui cum aliquo per litteras
          • apparently; to look at: per speciem (alicuius rei)
          • under pretext, pretence of..: per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei
          • by craft: per dolum (B. G. 4. 13)
          • in sport, mockery: per ludibrium
          • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
          • to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword: gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46)
          • to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
          • to break through the enemy's centre: per medios hostes (mediam hostium aciem) perrumpere
          • to lead some one in triumph: per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere
          • that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc per se intellegitur
          • I have no objection: per me licet
        • per in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[7], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

        Latvian

        Verb

        per

        1. inflection of pērt:
          1. second/third-person singular present indicative
          2. third-person plural present indicative
          3. second-person singular imperative
        2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of pērt
        3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of pērt

        Lithuanian

        Etymology

        Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *per-, Ancient Greek περί (perí, around, about, preposition), Sanskrit परि (pári, around, about, adverb), Latin per, English for.[1]

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): [²ˈpʲɛrˑ]
        • Rhymes: -ɛrˑ
        • Syllabification: per̃

        Preposition

        per̃ (with accusative)

        1. through
        2. during

        References

        1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “per”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352

        Megleno-Romanian

        Etymology

        From Latin pilus. Compare Aromanian per, Romanian păr.

        Noun

        per m

        1. hair

        Middle English

        Etymology 1

          Borrowed from Old French per and Anglo-Norman peir, from Latin pār.

          Alternative forms

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /peːr/

          Noun

          per (plural peres)

          1. A peer; one who is equal to or like another:
            1. An individual of the same rank or social class.
            2. An associate or collaborator; one who works or associates with another.
            3. A rival or competitor; an equal in competition.
          2. A member of the nobility of a city or country.
          3. A member of a city council.
          4. (anatomy, rare) A counterpart (of a joint or sinew).
          Descendants
          References

          Adjective

          per

          1. The same; having no differences from something else.
          References

          Etymology 2

          Noun

          per

          1. alternative form of pere (pear)

          Etymology 3

          Noun

          per

          1. alternative form of pere (bridge pillar)

          Mòcheno

          Etymology 1

          From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (bear). Cognate with German Bär, English bear.

          Noun

          per m

          1. bear

          Etymology 2

          From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją (berry). Cognate with German Beere, English berry.

          Noun

          per n

          1. berry
          Derived terms

          References

          Norwegian Bokmål

          Etymology

          Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

          Preposition

          per

          1. for each, for every, per
            Synonym: (abbreviation) pr.
            per dagper day
            per porsjonfor each portion
            Motoren roterer 1000 ganger per minutt.The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

          Synonyms

          • (for each): for hver, i, om

          Derived terms

          References

          Norwegian Nynorsk

          Etymology

          Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

          Preposition

          per

          1. for each, for every, per
            Synonym: (abbreviation) pr.
            per dagper day
            per porsjonfor each portion

          Derived terms

          References

          Polish

          Etymology

          Learned borrowing from Latin per, derived from Proto-Italic *per, derived from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ˈpɛr/
          • Audio:(file)
          • Rhymes: -ɛr
          • Syllabification: per

          Preposition

          per

          1. (literary) forms adverbs from nouns [with nominative]
            Synonym: na
          adverbs
          • per analogiam
          • per fas et nefas
          • per pedes, per pedes apostolorum
          • per saldo
          verbs
          • traktować per noga impf, potraktować per noga pf
          • traktować per nogam impf, potraktować per nogam pf

          Further reading

          • per”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[8] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
          • per”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[9] (in Polish)

          Portuguese

          Etymology

          Inherited from Latin per.

          Pronunciation

           
          • (Portugal) IPA(key): (unstressed) /peɾ/

          • Hyphenation: per

          Preposition

          per

          1. archaic form of por
            Fazia tudo per amor!I did everything for love!
          2. archaic form of para
            nascer per escrever[to be] born to write

          Usage notes

          Although this preposition is no longer utilized, having been replaced by por, the opposite development took place with the derived contraction pelo (and its inflections), which prevailed against polo (and its inflections).

          Derived terms

          Further reading

          Romani

          Alternative forms

          Etymology

          Borrowed from Old Armenian փոր (pʻor, belly, abdomen). Doublet of pori.

          Noun

          per f (plural pera)

          1. (anatomy) abdomen, belly

          Derived terms

          • peréskero

          References

          • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979), “փոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
          • Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870), “per”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 422

          Sardinian

          Etymology

          From Latin per.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /per/

          Preposition

          per

          1. per, by, through

          Swedish

          Alternative forms

          • pr (dated)

          Pronunciation

          • Audio:(file)

          Preposition

          per

          1. For each; for every
            Motorn roterar 1000 varv per minut.
            The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.

          Anagrams

          Volapük

          Noun

          per (genitive pera, plural pers)

          1. loss

          Declension

          Declension of per
          Singular Plural
          Nominative per pers
          Genitive pera peras
          Dative pere peres
          Accusative peri peris
          Predicative1 peru perus
          Vocative o per o pers
          1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

          Derived terms

          Zazaki

          Noun

          per

          1. page