ros

Inherited from Old Catalan ros, from Latin russus. Compare Occitan ros, Dalmatian ros, French roux, Spanish rojo.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈros]

ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural rossos, feminine plural rosses)

1. blond
   • 2025, “On t'has ficat aquesta nit?”‎^[2]performed by La Ludwig Band:

     Aquests antifeixistes desconfien d'un noi ros

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• enrossir

Inherited from Latin rōs, used as a neuter. Compare the form rou.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈrɔs]

ros m (plural rosos)

1. (dialectal, Valencia, archaic) dew

   Synonyms: rosada, rou

• rosar

Named after general Ros Olano.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈros]

ros m (plural rossos)

1. a particular type of military cap, introduced by General Ros de Olano in the Spanish Army in the XIX century.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈros]

ros

1. plural of ro (“rho (Greek letter)”)

• “ros”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “ros”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “ros” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “ros”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹɔːz/

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os. Cognate with Breton rod, Irish and Scottish Gaelic roth, and Welsh rhod.

ros f (plural rosow)

1. wheel

From Proto-Brythonic *rros, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos. Cognate with Irish and Scottish Gaelic ros and Welsh rhos.

ros m (plural rosyow)

1. heathland
2. moor

   Synonyms: goon, hal

3. promontory

From Proto-Brythonic *rros, from Latin rosa.

ros f (singulative rosen)

1. roses (Rosaceae)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ros

1. inflection of rosa (“to catch”):
   1. third-person singular present indicative/future indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

From Latin russus. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Friulian ros.

ros

1. red

Colors in Dalmatian · colauri (layout · text)

iualb; blanc	canaisa	fosc; niar
ros; crimisain	orangia; broin	zuola; iaur; crema
vert lima	vert	vert menta; vert menta scior; vert scior
cian; azul pitroleo	azul; zelést; zelést scior	blu; blu scior
viola; indaic	cris; purpura	ruosa

ros

1. imperative of rose

• IPA^(key): /rɔs/
• Hyphenation: ros
• Rhymes: -ɔs

From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.

• hors (dialectal)

ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

1. horse

   Synonym: paard

2. steed

• Much more often paard is used to refer to horses.

• roskam
• stalen ros
• strijdros

• Afrikaans: ros
• ⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)
  • → West Frisian: rosse (verb)

ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

1. of an impure red color; reddish

   de rosse buurt

   the red-light district

2. ginger, red-haired

Declension of ros
uninflected	ros
inflected	rosse
comparative	rosser
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		ros	rosser	het rost het roste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	rosse	rossere	roste
	n. sing.	ros	rosser	roste
	plural	rosse	rossere	roste
definite		rosse	rossere	roste
partitive		ros	rossers	—

From Latin russus.

ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural ros, feminine plural rosses) (ORB, broad)

1. red

   Synonym: rojo

• rosseyér

• ros in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

From Latin russus.

ros

1. red

• inrossâ
• rossit

• IPA^(key): /ɾˠɔsˠ/

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).^[1]

ros m (genitive singular rois)

1. linseed, flaxseed

   Synonym: ros lín

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”),^[2] from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

ros m (genitive singular rosa, nominative plural rosa)

1. wood, wooded headland

   Synonym: coill

2. (geography) headland, promontory

   Synonyms: rinn, scoth, léim

• Ros Comáin
• na Rosa
• rosach
• rosán

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ros”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “ros”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “ros”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

ros

1. romanization of ꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀

From Proto-Italic *rōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rṓs (“dew, moisture”), itself possibly a derivative of *h₁ers- (“to flow, pour”) (compare Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”)). Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”), Serbo-Croatian rosa / роса (“dew”).^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈroːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈrɔs]

rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

1. dew
2. moisture
3. rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
   • 690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

     Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

     Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Third-declension noun.

• rōrātiō
• rōrifer
• rōrō
• rōrulentus
• rōscidus

• “ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "ros", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “rōs”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 473

• IPA^(key): /rɔs/

ros

1. second-person singular imperative of rosć

From French roche.

ros

1. rock, stone

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN

ros

1. plural of ro (“roe deer”)

ros

1. alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

From Proto-Micronesian *roco (“to be dark”), from Proto-Oceanic *rodrom (“dark, cloudy”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəmdəm (“gloom, darkness”), from Proto-Austronesian *dəmdəm (“gloom, darkness”).

ros

1. darkness

• karosi

• Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎^[3], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 225

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *demdem

ros

1. passive form of ro

From the verb rosa (“to praise”), from Old Norse hrósa. Prior to the spelling reform of 1959, this noun was considered grammatically feminine or neuter. The revision made non-standard the definite singular forms rosa, rosi, and roset.

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

ros m (definite singular rosen, uncountable)

2. praise
   • 1875, Elias Blix, “Med Jesus”, in Nokre Salmar [Some hymns], 3rd edition, page 25:

     Det er mi høgste Æra, // det er mi største Ros // hans Fylgjesvein at vera // og vandra i hans Ljos.

     It is my highest honour, // it is my highest praise: // to be a His disciple // and wander in His light.

   • 1992, Arne Ruset, Den svarte kista, pages 85–86:

     Sophies Minde vart flau av all rosen, og gav noko nebbete uttrykk for at no heldt det lenge.

     Sophies Minde got embarrassed by all the praise, and expressed somewhat snarkily that this would be enough for a good while.

ros

1. imperative of rosa

From Old Norse rǫs, plural of ras n, whence also the more common doublet of ras.

• ròs (alternative spelling)

• IPA^(key): /roːs/

ros f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

2. an avalanche, a landslide, a slip

   Synonym: skred

3. cavity left in place of the masses displaced by such an avalanche, landslide or other
5. a scratch in the skin

After German Rose, from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa. Doublet of rose.

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

ros f (definite singular rosa, uncountable)

2. (pathology) erysipelas

   Synonym: (more common) rosen

• “ros” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Old Occitan ros, from Latin russus.

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

ros m (feminine singular rossa, masculine plural rosses, feminine plural rossas)

1. russet

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana‎^[4], L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2025, page 584

From Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą.

ros n

1. horse

• Middle Dutch: ros
  • Dutch: ros, hors (dialectal)
    • Afrikaans: ros
    • ⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)
      • → West Frisian: rosse (verb)

• “ros, hers, ors”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

• IPA^(key): /ˈros/

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.^[1]

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

1. A promontory.
2. A wood.
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079

     ross .i. trēde fordingair .i. ros fidbuide, […]

     wood, that is, a triad of meanings, that is, a wood of yellow trees, […]

• Irish: ros (“wood”)
• Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so-, which is most likely a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. See also Latin porrum (“leek”), English furze, and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).^[2]

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

1. A linseed.
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079

     ros līn

     linseed

2. A flax - or other small seed.

• Irish: ros (“linseed”)
• Scottish Gaelic: ros (“linseed”)

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Unknown, probably inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawas (“internode of bamboo; section of something”).

ros

1. internode
2. waist
3. thigh
4. slenderness

• > Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (ros) (inherited)
• >? Malay: ruas
  • > Indonesian: ruas (inherited)

• "ros" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Inherited from Latin rōsus.

• IPA^(key): /ros/
• Rhymes: -os

ros (past participle of roade)

1. past participle of roade

ros m or n (feminine singular roasă, masculine plural roși, feminine/neuter plural roase)

1. gnawed, eaten away at
2. eroded, consumed
3. (of clothes) careworn, threadbare, shabby, seedy, frayed

• rosătură
• rosură

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

1. linseed, flax seed

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

1. promontory, headland, peninsula, isthmus
2. (obsolete except in place names and some compounds) wood, forest, wooded promontory

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[5], Stirling, →ISBN, page 295
• Edward Dwelly (1911), “ros”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

From French roche.

ros

1. rock, stone

• D'Offay, Danielle; Lionnet, Guy (1982), Diksyonner kreol-franse [Creole-French Dictionary] (in French), Hamburg: Buske, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /ˈros/ [ˈros]
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: ros

Named after Antonio Ros de Olano (1808–1886), a Spanish general who introduced the hat into the Spanish army

ros m (plural roses)

1. a type of military hat, similar to a shako

ros m pl

1. plural of ro

• “ros”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Borrowed from Dutch rossen.

ros

1. to beat up, to give a beating

• IPA^(key): /ruːs/

• Audio (Gotland); “en ros”:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːs

From Old Swedish ros‚ from Middle Low German rose, from Latin rosa.

ros c

1. a rose (flower, shrub, or heraldic charge)
   • 1963, Arne Qvick, “Rosen [The rose]”‎^[6]:

     Ty just nu idag så köpte jag en liten ros i en blomsteraffär. En ros röd som blod så att du förstod att det är dig som jag håller kär.

     For just now today I bought a small rose in a flower shop. A rose as red as blood so that you understood that it is you that I hold dear.

• rosa (“pink”)
• rosig (“rosy”)

• → Estonian: roos
• → Finnish: ruusu

Deverbal from rosa (“to praise, to commend”). Compare Icelandic hrós.

ros n (uncountable)

2. praise, acclaim

   Antonym: ris

   Spelet har fått mycket ros av kritikerna.

   The game has received much critical acclaim.

   ris och ros

   praise and criticism (idiomatic – also the name of a readers' section in some newspapers (for commending or criticizing))

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ros

1. indefinite genitive singular of ro

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ros

1. passive infinitive of ro
2. present passive of ro

• “ros”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “ros”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “ros”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• ros in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
• Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004), Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

• ors, sor

Tobati cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : ros

ros

1. two

• Mark Donohue, Tobati, in John Lynch, Malcolm Ross, Terry Crowley, The Oceanic Languages (Curzon Press, Londres, 2002)

From German Rost.

ros

1. rust

Borrowed from Spanish arroz, from Andalusian Arabic الرَّوْز (ar-rawz), from Arabic أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz, “rice”), from Ancient Greek ὄρυζᾰ (óruză).

ros

1. rice

Borrowed from Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa.

ros

1. rose

• color de ros
• yej ros

• Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000), Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎^[7] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 270