pleo

pleo

See also: pleo-

Latin

Etymology

Exists only as a bound morpheme in prefixed verbs, where it continues Proto-Italic *plēō, perhaps—according to De Vaan—from a root aorist *pléh₁-t, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).[1] The perfect passive participle plētus may have replaced earlier *plātus, from *pl̥h₁tós.[2] However, the pre-form of the participle is alternatively reconstructed as *pleh₁tós.[3] For cognates, compare Russian -по́лнить (-pólnitʹ), a cognate with the same meaning that likewise does not occur uncompounded.

Verb

pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation

  1. Combining form used to form prefixed verbs with the approximate meaning "to fill".
    • ca. 500, Pompeius, In artem Donati p. 240l.34:
      […] est <etiam> conpositum quod nōn potest fierī simplex, ut conpleō: nēmō potest dīcere pleō.
      it's likewise a compound when it cannot be used on its own, such as complete: one can't say plete.
    • For quotations using this term, see Citations:pleo.

Conjugation

Only one form, plendī (CIL 2.6278.38), is attested in Classical Latin without a prefix outside of grammarians. (Festus p.230M) also cites plentur without attribution.

   Conjugation of pleō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present pleō plēs plet plēmus plētis plent
imperfect plēbam plēbās plēbat plēbāmus plēbātis plēbant
future plēbō plēbis plēbit plēbimus plēbitis plēbunt
perfect plēvī plēvistī plēvit plēvimus plēvistis plēvērunt,
plēvēre
pluperfect plēveram plēverās plēverat plēverāmus plēverātis plēverant
future perfect plēverō plēveris plēverit plēverimus plēveritis plēverint
passive present pleor plēris,
plēre 		plētur plēmur plēminī plentur
imperfect plēbar plēbāris,
plēbāre 		plēbātur plēbāmur plēbāminī plēbantur
future plēbor plēberis,
plēbere 		plēbitur plēbimur plēbiminī plēbuntur
perfect plētus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect plētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect plētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present pleam pleās pleat pleāmus pleātis pleant
imperfect plērem plērēs plēret plērēmus plērētis plērent
perfect plēverim plēverīs plēverit plēverīmus plēverītis plēverint
pluperfect plēvissem plēvissēs plēvisset plēvissēmus plēvissētis plēvissent
passive present plear pleāris,
pleāre 		pleātur pleāmur pleāminī pleantur
imperfect plērer plērēris,
plērēre 		plērētur plērēmur plērēminī plērentur
perfect plētus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect plētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — plē — — plēte —
future — plētō plētō — plētōte plentō
passive present — plēre — — plēminī —
future — plētor plētor — — plentor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present plēre plērī plēns —
future plētūrum esse plētum īrī plētūrus plendus
perfect plēvisse plētum esse — plētus
future perfect — plētum fore — —
perfect potential plētūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
plendī plendō plendum plendō plētum plētū

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-pleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
  2. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127
  3. ^ Kapović, Mate, editor (2017), The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 432

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ple͜oː/
  • Rhymes: -e͜oː

Noun

plēo

  1. dative singular of pleoh
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