esse

Borrowed from Latin esse.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛsi/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

esse (plural esses)

1. Essence, essential nature.
   • 1788, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page 136:

     Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from his Eſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.

   • 1801, Emanuel Swedenborg, Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page 482:

     […] that is his proprium, since the esse of the life of man is his will;

   • 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras, The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages 95–97:

     In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu^[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supreme esse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.

   • 1961, Gerard Smith, Lottie H. Kendzierski, Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page 339:

     Essence is a being by an esse which the essence is. Substance is a being by an esse which the substance is. Ens is a being by an esse which the ens is.

   • 2015, Christopher Hughes, Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God, Routledge, page 62:

     Agreed, if there are as many esses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantial esses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidental esses in that individual.

• James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Esse”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume III (D–E), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 294.

esse

1. plural of es

esse

1. alternative form of ässe (“to eat”)

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.sə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.se]

esse f (plural esses) (Valencia)

1. alternative form of essa

• “esse” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

• äße (most dialects)
• eaße (parts of Moselle Franconian)

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛsə/

esse (third-person singular present iss or itt, preterite oß, past participle jesse or jejesse)

1. (Kölsch, nothernmost Ripuarian) to eat

• The second and third persons du itts, hä itt are attested for the formerly Low Franconian areas around Düsseldorf. These forms might now be obsolete.

• essa (Ultramontane)

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Inherited from Latin esse. Compare Italian essere, French être.

• IPA^(key): /ˈes.sɛ/
• Hyphenation: es‧se

esse (Cismontane)

1. (copulative) to be
2. (intransitive) to be (to exist)
3. (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
4. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
5. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have

• Gallurese: esse, essi

• “esse, essa” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

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• Homophones: ace, aces, ès, esses

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

• “esse”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

• essi

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/

esse

1. (auxiliary) to be

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

esse

1. inflection of essen:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

• ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.

• IPA^(key): /ˈesə/
• Rhymes: -esə
• Syllabification: es‧se
• Homophone: Esse

esse

1. to eat

   Ich esse keen Fleisch.

   I don't eat meat.

   Heit esse-mer Fisch.

   Today we eat fish.

• mitesse

• Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “esse”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch

From estää (“to prevent”) +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish este.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈesːe/, [ˈe̞s̠ː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈesːe/, [ˈe̞ʃːe̞]
• Rhymes: -esː, -esːe
• Hyphenation: es‧se

esse

1. obstacle

Declension of esse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	esse	esteet
genitive	esteen	estein
partitive	essettä	esteitä
illative	esteesse	esteisse
inessive	estees	esteis
elative	esteest	esteist
allative	esteelle	esteille
adessive	esteel	esteil
ablative	esteelt	esteilt
translative	esteeks	esteiks
essive	esteennä, esteen	esteinnä, estein
exessive1)	esteent	esteint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36

• IPA^(key): /ˈe.se/, /ˈes.se/

esse

1. present of esser

   Synonym: es

2. imperative of esser

   Synonym: sia

From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛsse
• Hyphenation: ès‧se

esse f or m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.; ess

• esse lunga

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, gei / i lunga, cappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu / vi, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon / i greca, zeta

From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

• IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/
• Rhymes: -esse
• Hyphenation: és‧se

esse f pl

1. plural of ella and essa; they, them (female)

   Synonym: loro

• sese

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.sɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.se]

esse

1. present active infinitive of sum

esse m (indeclinable) (Medieval Latin)

1. state, condition

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeːs.sɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.se]

ēsse

1. present active infinitive of edō

ēsse

1. vocative masculine singular of ēssus

• “esse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "esse", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

esse

1. (Gloucestershire) alternative form of asken (“to ask”)

• IPA^(key): /ˈessə/
• Homophone: éssa

ésse

1. plural of éssa (“she”)

esse

1. alternative form of essi: third-person singular feminine of a

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan. Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛsə/

esse

1. to eat

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

• IPA^(key): /ˈese/

esse

1. to be

infinitive	esse
present gerundive	essend
past participle	stàit

	Present indicative	Past indicative	Future indicative	Present subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Past Historic	Present Conditional
First-person singular	i son	i j'era	i sarai	i sia	i fussa	I fure	i sarìa
Second-person singular	it ses	it j'ere	it saras	it sie	it fusse	it fùrës	it sarìe
Third-person singular	a l'é	a l'era	a sarà	a sia	a fussa	fur	a sarìa
First-person plural	i soma	i j'ero	i saroma	i sio	i fusso	furo	i sarìo
Second-person plural	i seve	i j'ere	i sareve	i sie	i fusse	i fùrës	i sarìe
Third-person plural	a son	a j'ero	i saran	a sio	a fusso	a furo	a sarìo

From Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

• êsse (pre-reform spelling)

• Audio (São Paulo):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: es‧se

esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas)

2. that (near you)

   Esse chapéu está limpo?

   Is that hat clean?

4. (Brazil, colloquial) this (near me)

   Synonym: este

   Esse livro é muito bom.

   This book is very good.

esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas, neuter isso) (definite demonstrative pronoun)

2. that, that one (near you)
4. that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)

   Esse é o segredo para vencer.

   This is the secret to winning.

• fazer esse

• Hyphenation: es‧se

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
2. something shaped like the letter S

• (Latin-script letter names) letra; á, bê, cê, dê, é, efe, gê / guê, agá, i, jota, cá / capa, ele, eme, ene, ó, pê, quê, erre, esse, tê, u, vê, dáblio, xis, ípsilon, zê

• “esse”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “esse”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

esse n

1. only used in vara i sitt esse

• “esse”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “esse”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

esse

1. hot

Inherited from Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. Some conjugations reflect Latin stāre (“stand”).

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/
• Homophones: èç, ès

esse

1. to be

   Synonym: sey

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
2. Something shaped like the letter S.