lesen

lesen

1. third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of ler

From Middle High German lësen, from Old High German lësan, from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, from Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to gather”).

Cognate with English lease (“to gather”) [with an obsolete meaning], cognate with Low German lesen (“to read”), Dutch lezen (“to read”), Afrikaans lees (“to read”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈleːzn̩/ (Germany)
• IPA^(key): /ˈleːsn̩/ (Austria)
• IPA^(key): /ˈleɪ̯zə/ (Netherlands)

• Audio:

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• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

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• Audio (Austria):

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lesen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liest, past tense las, past participle gelesen, past subjunctive läse, auxiliary haben)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to read (to look at and understand symbols, words, or data)

   Er kann nicht lesen. ― He doesn't know how to read.

   Ich lese gerne Autobiographien. ― I like reading autobiographies.

2. (reflexive) to read (to give off a certain impression while being read; of a text)

   Das liest sich fast wie ein Abenteuerroman. ― This almost reads like an adventure novel.

3. (transitive) to select and gather or harvest (grapes, etc.)

• “lesen”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[1] (in German)
• “lesen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “lesen” in Duden online
• “lesen” in Duden online

les +‎ -en

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɛʃɛn]
• Hyphenation: le‧sen

lesen

1. superessive singular of les

• leesen
• lësen (western Low Prussian)
• lëse (eastern Low Prussian)
• lezen (especially Dutch Low Saxon)
• leazn (Dutch Low Saxon)

From Middle Low German lēsen, from Old Saxon lesan.

Cognate with Plautdietsch läsen; German lesen; Dutch lezen.

lesen (past singular lees, past participle leest or gelesen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to read

   Hest du de Daagbläder vunmorgen leest?

   Did you read the newspapers this morning?

2. (rare, dated, transitive or intransitive) to gather up

• 3rd ps. sg. pres.: (hei) lest, les't
• imp. sg.: les'

• lisensi (Indonesia)

Borrowed from English licence. The loss of the final consonant -ce /s/ is either due to constraint against final consonant clusters, or being analysed as a plural ending (Malay lacked regular plurals).

• (Standard Literary) IPA^(key): /ˈlesen/ [ˈle.sen]
• Rhymes: -sen, -en
• Hyphenation: le‧sen

lesen (Jawi spelling ليسين, plural lesen-lesen or lesen²)

1. licence

• "lesen" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

From Old Dutch lesan, from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, from Proto-Germanic *lesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to gather”).

lēsen

1. to gather, to collect
2. to read
3. to read out loud (to an audience)

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• Dutch: lezen
  • Afrikaans: lees
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: lesi
  • Javindo: lesen
  • Jersey Dutch: lêze
  • Negerhollands: lees
  • → Lokono: alesedin
  • →? Mahican: lesówu
  • → Papiamentu: lesa, leza
  • → Sranan Tongo: leisi
    • Aukan: leisi
    • Saramaccan: lési
    • → Caribbean Javanese: lési
    • → Kari'na: resima
• Limburgish: laeze, leuze

• “lesen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “lesen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Inherited from Old English *lēosan (attested in compounds such as forlēosan), from Proto-West Germanic *leusan, from Proto-Germanic *leusaną.

• leese, lese, leys
• leosien (Early Middle English); lesse, leze, lyse (late); lesyn (Promptorium Parvulorum)
• leis (Early Scots); lesin (East Saxon); liese, lyese (Kent);
• leose, leosen, leuse, loese, luese, luse (Southern, West Midland)

• IPA^(key): /ˈleːzən/
• IPA^(key): /ˈløːzən/ (Southern, West Midland)

lesen (third-person singular simple present leseth, present participle lesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative les, past participle loren)

1. (transitive) To lose; to stop having or owning:
   1. To misplace or mislay; to lose track of.
   2. To forfeit; to be deprived of or have confiscated.
   3. To lose an individual (especially through death)
   4. To lose a (usually positive) attribute, condition or quality.
   5. (rare) To forget about.
2. (transitive) To fail or be unsuccessful at:
   1. To lose out on; to fail to acquire.
   2. To lose a battle or competition.
   3. (rare) To neglect to attend (Mass)
3. (transitive) To damage or ruin:

   Synonyms: destroyen, merren, stroyen

   1. To destroy or devastate; to cause the destruction of:
   2. To kill or murder; to end the life of.
   3. To doom; to consign to eternal damnation.
      • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[2], published c. 1410, Matheu 10:28, folio 4, verso; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

        and nyle ȝe dꝛede hem þat moun ſle þe bodi .· foꝛ þei moun not ſle þe ſoule / but raþere dꝛede ȝe hym þat mai leeſe boþe bodi and ſoule in to helle

        But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.

   4. To waste or squander (effort)
4. (transitive) To abandon or desert someone.

• English: leese, lese (obsolete)
• Middle Scots: leis

• “lẹ̄sen, v.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

PIE root
*lewh₁-

Inherited from Anglian Old English lēsan (West Saxon Old English līesan), from Proto-West Germanic *lausijan, from Proto-Germanic *lausijaną.

• leese, lese, leson, lesse
• lesenn (Ormulum)

• IPA^(key): /ˈleːzən/

lesen (third-person singular simple present leseth, present participle lesende, lesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lesed)

1. (transitive) To loosen; to make loose:
   1. To unfasten or open; to loosen an opening.
   2. To relax or release (of the body)
2. (transitive) To free or save:
   1. To spare from punishment or hardship.
   2. To liberate from captivity or subjugation.
   3. (Christianity) To redeem; to rescue from Hell.

      Synonym: redemen

   4. (Christianity, rare) To exempt from (the consequences of) sin.
3. (transitive) To alleviate distress, hunger, or pain.

• English: leese, lease (dialectal)
• >? Middle Scots: lese (or a back-formation from relese)
  • Scots: lease, leese

• “lēsen, v.(5).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “leese, v.²”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Inherited from Old English lesan, from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, from Proto-Germanic *lesaną.

• leese, lese

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ̞ːzən/

lesen (third-person singular simple present leseth, present participle lesende, lesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lesed)

1. (transitive) To gather (crops or fruit)
2. (transitive) To cull or select worthless material (from fruit or rice)
3. (transitive, rare) To embrace or hug.

• English: lease (dialectal)

• “lēsen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Inherited from Old English lēasian, from Proto-West Germanic *lausēn; by surface analysis, les (“falsehood”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ̝ːzən/

lesen (third-person singular simple present leseth, present participle lesende, lesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lesed)

1. (intransitive, hapax legomenon) To lie; to tell falsehoods about.

• English: lease (dialectal)

• “lēsen, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Inherited from Old English lǣsian, variant of lǣswian; by surface analysis, lese (“pasture”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

• lese

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ̝ːzən/

lesen (third-person singular simple present leseth, present participle lesende, lesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lesed)

1. (transitive, hapax legomenon) To herd livestock on a pasture; to pasture

• “lēswen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

lesen

1. (West Midland) plural of lese

Inherited from Old High German lësan, from Proto-West Germanic *lesan, from Proto-Germanic *lesaną (“to collect”). The sense “to read”, found throughout North and West Germanic except English, is a semantic loan from Latin legō.

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈlɛs̠ən/

lësen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liset, past tense las, past participle gelësen, past subjunctive lære, auxiliary hān)

1. to read, to read aloud
2. to examine
3. to collect

• Alemannic German: läse, lääse
• Bavarian: lesn

  Cimbrian: lesan, lèzan (Sette Comuni)

• Central Franconian:

  Hunsrik: lese

• German: lesen
• Luxembourgish: liesen
• Rhine Franconian:

  Pennsylvania German: lese

• Vilamovian: łaoza

lesen (neuter lese, definite singular and plural lesne)

1. past participle of lesa

• lesne, nesle, selen