jaar

jaar

See also: jāar and jäär

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Dutch jaar, from Middle Dutch jâer, from Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑːr/, [ˈjɔːr]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

jaar (plural jare, diminutive jaartjie)

  1. A year.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German jār, from Old High German jār, from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥. Cognate with German Jahr, English year.

Noun

jaar n (plural jaardar, diminutive jéerle)

  1. (Sette Comuni) year

Further reading

  • “jaar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch

Etymology

    From Middle Dutch jâer, from Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /jaːr/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: jaar
    • Rhymes: -aːr

    Noun

    jaar n (plural jaren, diminutive jaartje n)

    1. year (the time it takes the Earth to circle the Sun; its equivalent on other planets)
      Een jaar op Mars duurt ongeveer 687 aardse dagen. ― A year on Mars lasts about 687 Earth days.
      Het is bijna een jaar geleden dat we elkaar zagen. ― It's almost a year since we last saw each other.
      Elk jaar vieren we onze trouwdag. ― Every year, we celebrate our wedding anniversary.
    2. year (the individuals associated with a year, notably the students in or graduates from an annual class at school)
      Het jaar 2023 zal hun afstudeerjaar zijn. ― The year 2023 will be their graduation year.
      Alle studenten van het jaar 2020 zijn uitgenodigd voor de reünie. ― All students from the year 2020 are invited to the reunion.
      Ze was de beste student van haar jaar. ― She was the top student of her year.

    Usage notes

    The singular form is normally used after numerals and stock phrases instead of plurals but both are considered correct grammatically. Thus, it would be more common to say "vele jaren geleden" – many years ago; but "drie jaar geleden" – "three years ago" or in "in de laatste paar jaar" as opposed to "in de laatste paar jaren" ("in the last couple of years").

    Derived terms

    types of year

    Descendants

    • Afrikaans: jaar
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
    • Jersey Dutch: jâr
    • Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
    • Sranan Tongo: yari
      • Aukan: yali
      • Saramaccan: jáa
      • → Caribbean Javanese: yari

    Anagrams

    North Frisian

    Alternative forms

    Determiner

    jaar (invariable)

    1. (Sylt) their (third-person plural possessive determiner)

    Pronoun

    jaar (plural jaaren)

    1. (Sylt) theirs (third-person plural possessive pronoun)

    See also

    Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
    personal possessive
    subject case object case singular
    referent     		plural referent
    full reduced full reduced attributive independent
    singular 1st ik 'k mi min minen
    2nd dü – di din dinen
    3rd m hi 'r höm 'n sin sinen
    f jü 's höör 's höör höören
    n hat et, 't höm et, 't sin sinen
    dual 1st wat unk unk unken
    2nd at junk junk junken
    3rd jat jam 's jaar jaaren
    plural 1st wü üüs üüs üüsen
    2nd i juu juu juuen
    3rd ja 's jam 's jaar jaaren
    • The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
    • Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
    • The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
    • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

    Semai

    Pronoun

    jaar[1]

    1. we (I and another, but not you) (1st person dual pronoun, exclusive)

    See also

    Semai personal pronouns
    singular dual plural
    1st person exclusive èng jaar jiiq
    inclusive haar hiiq
    2nd person hèq / hèèq je'oot, jerkeeq, kééq keeq, ngkeeq / ngkééq
    3rd person ijii, kééq / keeq ubay / ubaay et, ennaay, mambééq

    References

    1. ^ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008), Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia [Semai—Malay Dictionary]‎[1], Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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