gul

gul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gul"
Languages (31)
Translingual • English
Albanian • Aleut • Bouyei • Bura • Cornish • Danish • Dutch • Faroese • Indonesian • Irish • Khalaj • Mangas • Middle English • North Frisian • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Polish • Scottish Gaelic • Southwestern Dinka • Sumerian • Swedish • Tedim Chin • Turkmen • Uzbek • Volapük • Welsh • Zazaki • Zou
Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Gullah.

Symbol

gul

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Gullah.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Gullah terms

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower”).

Noun

gul (plural guls)

  1. Any medallionlike design on a Central or West Asian rug.

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH-; cognate with English callow, Serbo-Croatian gol, Latvian gāle (“sheet of ice, black ice”).[1] Possibly related to ngul.

Adjective

gul (feminine gule)

  1. (Arbëresh) hornless

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “gul”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 126

Aleut

Pronunciation

  • (Western) IPA(key): /ˈɣul/

Verb

gul

  1. (Western) to go through

References

Bouyei

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *kuːᴬ (“I; me”), *kawᴬ (“I; me”). Cognate with Thai กู (guu), Zhuang gou.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ku˨˦/

Pronoun

gul (Bouyei character 故)

  1. I; me

See also

Bouyei personal pronouns
Person Singular Plural
1st exclusive gul dul, hocdul, bozdul, jongsdul
inclusive rauz, raz, hocrauz, hocraz, bozrauz, bozraz, jongsrauz, jongsraz
humble wois, weis bozwois, bozweis, jongswois, jongsweis
2nd mengz sul, hocsul, bozsul, jongssul, riel, hocriel, bozriel, jongsriel
3rd deel hocdeel, bozdeel, jongsdeel

Bura

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɡúl]

Noun

gul

  1. small hole

References

Cornish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inflected forms in gwr- are from Proto-Brythonic *gwrėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *wregeti. Cognate with Welsh gwneud, Breton ober (conjugation in gr-).

Verb

gul (irregular)

  1. to do, make

Conjugation

Conjugation of gul
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
indicative present/future gwrav gwredh gwra gwren gwrewgh gwrons gwrer
preterite gwrug gwrussys gwrug gwrussyn gwrussowgh gwrussons gwrug
imperfect gwren gwres gwre gwren gwrewgh gwrens gwres
pluperfect gwrussen gwrusses gwrussa gwrussen gwrussewgh gwrussens gwrussys
subjunctive present/future gwrylliv gwrylli gwrello gwryllyn gwryllowgh gwrellons gwreller
imperfect gwrellen gwrelles gwrella gwrellen gwrellewgh gwrellens gwrellys
imperative — gwra gwres gwren gwrewgh gwrens —
non-finites present participle verbal adjective
ow kul gwrys

Derived terms

  • daswul (“redo, remake”, verb)
  • diswul (“undo”, verb)
  • dyski dhe nebonan gul neppyth (“teach somebody to do something”, verb)
  • gorwul (“overdo”, verb)
  • gul amendys, gul restorita (“make amends”, verb)
  • gul aswon (“acquaint”, verb)
  • gul bismer dhe (“scandalise, disgrace, vilify”, verb)
  • gul bos unverhes (“reconcile”, verb)
  • gul devnydh a (“make use of”, verb)
  • gul devnydh da a (“put to good use”, verb)
  • gul dhe glamdera (“stun”, verb)
  • gul dhe nebonan gul neppyth (“make somebody do something”, verb)
  • gul disooth (“make redundant”, verb)
  • gul dysmygriv (“estimate”, verb)
  • gul feyth (“make fertile”, verb)
  • gul ges, gul ges a (“mock”, verb)
  • gul glaw (“rain”, verb)
  • gul gora (“make hay”, verb)
  • gul hwel (“work”, verb)
  • gul kamm erbynn (“wrong”, verb)
  • gul keser (“hail”, verb)
  • gul lost (“form a queue”, verb)
  • gul maystri war (“tyrannise”, verb)
  • gul mencyon a (“mention somebody, mention something”, verb)
  • gul mowa (“grimace”, verb)
  • gul pratt (“trick”, verb)
  • gul prov (“prove”, verb)
  • gul revrons dhe (“respect”, verb)
  • gul sugen (“juice”, verb)
  • gul tonnek (“flock together”, verb)
  • gul torr (“make a break”, verb)
  • gul tronkys (“have a bath”, verb)
  • gul vri a (“esteem”, verb)
  • gul war-lergh (“imitate”, verb)
  • gwrys (“done, made”)
  • heb gul gik na mik (“stock-still”)
  • heb gul son (“silently”)
  • kammwul (“err, make a mistake”, verb)
  • kowlwul (“complete”, verb)
  • lesta nebonan rag gul neppyth (“prevent somebody from doing something”, verb)
  • mynnes orth nebonan gul neppyth (“wish for somebody to do something”, verb)
  • omwul (“pretend”, verb)
  • treuswul (“transact”, verb)

Mutation

Mutation of gul
radical soft aspirate hard mixed
gul wul unchanged kul hwul,
wul*

* after 'th
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish guul, from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡuːˀl/, [ɡ̊uˀl], [kuˀl]

Adjective

gul (neuter gult, plural and definite singular attributive gule)

  1. yellow

Inflection

Inflection of gul
positive comparative superlative
indefinite common singular gul gulere gulest2
indefinite neuter singular gult gulere gulest2
plural gule gulere gulest2
definite attributive1 gule gulere guleste

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

See also

Colors in Danish · farver (layout · text)
     hvid      grå      sort
             rød; højrød, mørkerød              orange; brun              gul; flødefarvet
             lime, lysegrøn              grøn, mørkegrøn              mintgrøn
             cyan; turkis, lyseblå              azurblå, himmelblå              blå, mørkeblå
             violet; indigo              magenta; lilla              lyserød, rosa

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣʏl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: gul
  • Rhymes: -ʏl

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Probably cognate with West Frisian gol (“kind of heart”), Middle English gulle (“friendly”). A relation to gutsen has been suggested.[1]

Adjective

gul (comparative guller, superlative gulst)

  1. generous, unselfish
  2. unsparing, plentiful
  3. hearty, cordial
    Hij lachte gul.
    He laughed heartily.
Declension
Declension of gul
uninflected gul
inflected gulle
comparative guller
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial gul guller het gulst
het gulste
indefinite m./f. sing. gulle gullere gulste
n. sing. gul guller gulste
plural gulle gullere gulste
definite gulle gullere gulste
partitive guls gullers —
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch *gul(le) (attested only in the diminutive gullekijn). Uncertain, but plausibly related to geel (“yellow”).

Noun

gul m or f (plural gullen, diminutive gulletje n)

  1. young cod

References

  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “gul”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Faroese

Adjective

gul

  1. inflection of gulur:
    1. feminine nominative singular
    2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower, rose”).

Pronunciation

Noun

gul (plural gul-gul) (archaic, obsolete)

  1. synonym of bunga (“flower”)
  2. synonym of mawar (“rose”)

Further reading

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡulˠ/[1]

Noun

gul m

  1. alternative form of dul (as a verbal noun only)

References

  1. ^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 411, page 151; reprinted 1979

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic گُل

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).

Pronunciation

  • (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [ɡʊl], [ɡo̝l]

Noun

gul (definite accusative gulı, plural gullar)

  1. flower

Declension

Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul gullar
genitive gulııñ gullarııñ
dative gulqa gullarqa
definite accusative gulı gulları
locative gulça gullarça
ablative gulda gullarda
instrumental gulla gullarla
equative gulvâra gullarvâra

References

  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1980), Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Mangas

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡùl/

Noun

gul

  1. bone

References

  • Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡul(ə)/, /ˈɡoːl(ə)/

Adjective

gul

  1. (Late Middle English) yellow, pale

Descendants

  • ⇒ Scots: golgrav

See also

Colors in Middle English · coloures, hewes (layout · text)
     whit      grey, hor      blak
             red; cremesyn, gernet              citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne              yelow, dorry, gul; canevas
             grasgrene              grene             
             plunket; ewage              asure, livid              blew, blo, pers
             violet; inde              rose, murrey; purpel, purpur              claret

References

North Frisian

Chemical element (edit)
Au
Atomic number 79
gul
Classification data
Period 6
Group 11
Block d-block
Class transition metal
Previous: —
Next: —

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Frisian gold, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow”).

Noun

gul n

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) gold

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).

Noun

gul f

  1. flower

Derived terms

  • gulan
  • gulav
  • gulberoj
  • gulbihar
  • gulbijêr
  • gulbijêrk
  • guldank
  • guldeste
  • guleberbiro
  • gulebûk
  • gulfîdan
  • gulgulî
  • gulgîn
  • gulhingivîn
  • gulik
  • gulistan
  • gulistanî
  • gulkelem
  • gulkelemî
  • gulnas
  • gulnasî
  • gulnesrîn
  • gulperî
  • gulyar
  • gulyarî
  • gulzan
  • gulzanî
  • gulçin
  • gulçinî
  • gulçîn
  • gulçînî
  • gulçînîtî
  • gulî
  • gulşen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉːɽ/, /ɡʉːl/
  • (Fredrikstad) IPA(key): [ɡʉːɽ]
  • Rhymes: -ʉːɽ

Adjective

gul (masculine and feminine gul, neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulere, indefinite superlative gulest, definite superlative guleste)

  1. yellow

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/

Adjective

gul (neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulare, indefinite superlative gulast, definite superlative gulaste)

  1. yellow

Derived terms

See also

Colors in Norwegian Nynorsk · fargar (layout · text)
     kvit      grå      svart
             raud              oransje; brun              gul
                          grøn             
             (turkis)                           blå
                          rosa; lilla              rosa

References

Polish

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡul/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ul
  • Syllabification: gul
  • Homophones: ghul, gól, Gul

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

gul

  1. sound a turkey makes; gobble
  2. sound of bubbling; gurgle

Etymology 2

See ghul.

Noun

gul m animal

  1. (Islam) alternative spelling of ghul
Declension
Declension of gul
singular plural
nominative gul gule
genitive gula gulów
dative gulowi gulom
accusative gula gule
instrumental gulem gulami
locative gulu gulach
vocative gulu gule

Etymology 3

Etymology tree
Old Polish k
Proto-Indo-European *wolh₁-yeh₂
Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáljāˀ
Proto-Slavic *voľà
Old Polish woli
univ.
Old Polish gwoli
Polish gwoliclip.
Polish gul

    Clipping of gwoli.

    Preposition

    gul

    1. (Central Greater Poland, Środa Wielkopolska, Pleszew) synonym of gwoli

    Etymology 4

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Noun

    gul f

    1. genitive plural of gula

    Further reading

    • “gul”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • “gul”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[2] (in Polish)
    • Jan Karłowicz (1901), “gwoli”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 152

    Scottish Gaelic

    Noun

    gul m (genitive singular guil)

    1. verbal noun of guil

    Southwestern Dinka

    Noun

    gul

    1. jaw

    References

    • Dinka-English Dictionary‎[3], 2005

    Sumerian

    Romanization

    gul

    1. romanization of 𒄢 (gul)

    Swedish

    Etymology

    From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ʉːl

    Adjective

    gul (comparative gulare, superlative gulast)

    1. yellow
      • 1980, Docent Död, “Solglasögon [Sunglasses]”, in Docent [Docent [associate professor, roughly]]‎[4]:
        Bakom mina solglasögon kan jag va' [vara] mig själv. Allting blir så vackert genom ... Genom mina solglasögon är ljuset alltid gult. Allting känns så riktigt bakom ...
        Behind my sunglasses, I can be myself. Everything turns so beautiful through ... Through my sunglasses, the light is always yellow. Everything feels so right behind ...

    Declension

    Inflection of gul
    Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
    common singular gul gulare gulast
    neuter singular gult gulare gulast
    plural gula gulare gulast
    masculine plural2 gule gulare gulast
    Definite positive comparative superlative
    masculine singular3 gule gulare gulaste
    all gula gulare gulaste

    1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
    2 Dated or archaic.
    3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

    Noun

    gul

    1. yellow

    See also

    Colors in Swedish · färger (layout · text)
         vit      grå      svart
                 röd; karmosin, karmosinröd, blodröd              orange (common), brandgul (now uncommon); brun              gul; beige
                 limegrön              grön              mintgrön
                 turkos (common), cyan (rare); blågrön, teal              himmelsblå, azur              blå
                 lila, violett, gredelin (light lavender, now uncommon); indigo              magenta; purpur              rosa (common), skär (uncommon)

    References

    Tedim Chin

    Etymology

    From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mrul.

    Noun

    gul

    1. snake

    References

    • Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

    Turkmen

    Other scripts
    Latin gul‍
    Cyrillic гул‍
    Arabic قول

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”). Cognate to Turkish kul (“slave, servant”)

    Noun

    gul (definite accusative guly, plural gullar)

    1. slave
    2. servant

    Declension

    Declension of gul
    singular plural
    nominative gul gullar
    accusative guly gullary
    genitive guluň gullaryň
    dative gula gullara
    locative gulda gullarda
    ablative guldan gullardan

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    • “gul” in Enedilim.com
    • “gul” in Webonary.org

    Uzbek

    Etymology

    Inherited from Chagatai گل (gül), from Classical Persian گُل (gul). Compare Uyghur گۈل (gül) / гүл (gül), Turkish gül, etc.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɡʊl/, [ɡ˖ʏl]
    • Hyphenation: gul

    Noun

    gul (plural gullar)

    1. flower

    Declension

    The template Template:uz-decl-noun does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=gul
2=gullar
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

    Declension of gul
    singular plural
    nominative gul gullar
    genitive gulning gullarning
    dative gulga gullarga
    definite accusative gulni gullarni
    locative gulda gullarda
    ablative guldan gullardan
    similative guldek gullardek
    Possessive forms of gul
    1st person singular
    singular plural
    nominative gulim gullarim
    genitive gulimning gullarimning
    dative gulimga gullarimga
    definite accusative gulimni gullarimni
    locative gulimda gullarimda
    ablative gulimdan gullarimdan
    similative gulimdek gullarimdek
    2nd person singular
    singular plural
    nominative guling gullaring
    genitive gulingning gullaringning
    dative gulingga gullaringga
    definite accusative gulingni gullaringni
    locative gulingda gullaringda
    ablative gulingdan gullaringdan
    similative gulingdek gullaringdek
    3rd person singular
    singular plural
    nominative guli gullari
    genitive gulining gullarining
    dative guliga gullariga
    definite accusative gulini gullarini
    locative gulida gullarida
    ablative gulidan gullaridan
    similative gulidek gullaridek
    1st person plural
    singular plural
    nominative gulimiz gullarimiz
    genitive gulimizning gullarimizning
    dative gulimizga gullarimizga
    definite accusative gulimizni gullarimizni
    locative gulimizda gullarimizda
    ablative gulimizdan gullarimizdan
    similative gulimizdek gullarimizdek
    2nd person plural
    singular plural
    nominative gulingiz gullaringiz
    genitive gulingizning gullaringizning
    dative gulingizga gullaringizga
    definite accusative gulingizni gullaringizni
    locative gulingizda gullaringizda
    ablative gulingizdan gullaringizdan
    similative gulingizdek gullaringizdek
    3rd person plural
    singular plural
    nominative guli gullari
    genitive gulining gullarining
    dative guliga gullariga
    definite accusative gulini gullarini
    locative gulida gullarida
    ablative gulidan gullaridan
    similative gulidek gullaridek

    Synonyms

    Volapük

    Etymology

    From Latin angulus (“angle, corner”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɡul/

    Noun

    gul (genitive gula, plural guls)

    1. angle
    2. corner

    Declension

    Declension of gul
    Singular Plural
    Nominative gul guls
    Genitive gula gulas
    Dative gule gules
    Accusative guli gulis
    Predicative1 gulu gulus
    Vocative o gul o guls
    1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

    Welsh

    Adjective

    gul

    1. soft mutation of cul (“narrow”)

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of cul
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    cul gul nghul chul

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Zazaki

    Etymology

    Compare Persian گل (gol).

    Noun

    gul

    1. rose

    Zou

    Etymology

    From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mrul. Cognate with Mizo rûl.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ɡūːl]
    • Hyphenation: gul

    Noun

    gûl

    1. snake, serpent

    References

    • Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 32
    • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40
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