frost

• froste (obsolete)

From Middle English frost, from an unmetathesized variant of Old English forst (“frost”), from Proto-Germanic *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to freeze; frost”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Froast, Fröäst (“frost”), West Frisian froast (“frost”), Cimbrian bròst, vrost, vròst (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Luxembourgish Frascht (“frost”), Vilamovian fröst (“frost”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /fɹɒst/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /fɹɔst/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /fɹɑst/

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• Rhymes: -ɒst, -ɔːst

frost (countable and uncountable, plural frosts)

1. A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.
2. The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:40:

     Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.

   • 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 47:

     It is more probable, in almost every country of Europe, that there will be frost sometime in January, than that the weather will continue open throughout that whole month;

3. (figurative) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.
   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

     It was one of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow-wreath.

   • 1927, Ernest Bramah, Max Carrados Mysteries:

     Up to that time the girl had never really done her hair, and she regarded boots merely as things to protect the feet. Suddenly it dawned on her that she was considered plain and that she diffused an atmosphere of intellectual frost.

4. (obsolete) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid.
5. A shade of white, like that of frost.

   frost:  

6. (slang, dated) A disappointment; a cheat.
7. (television) A kind of light diffuser.
   • 2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, pages 9–26:

     Frosts and diffusion are flame retardant and produce similar results except that some of the frosts are very subtle in their effects. For example: Hamburg Frost will soften the beam edge with little additional spread of the beam.

frost (third-person singular simple present frosts, present participle frosting, simple past and past participle frosted)

1. (transitive) To cover with frost.
2. (intransitive) To become covered with frost.
   • 1975, Brian W. Blouet, Merlin P. Lawson, editors, Images of the Plains: The Role of Human Nature in Settlement, University of Nebraska Press, page 142:

     “The weather is pleasant while it frosted a little at night.”

3. (transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.
4. (transitive, informal) To anger or annoy.

   I think the boss's decision frosted him a bit.

5. (transitive) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice.
6. (transitive) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched.

• froster
• frosting

• forts, frots

From Old Norse frost.

• IPA^(key): /frɔst/, [fʁ̥ʌsd̥]

frost c (singular definite frosten, not used in plural form)

1. frost

• “frost” in Den Danske Ordbog

From Old Norse frost.

• IPA^(key): /frɔst/
• Rhymes: -ɔst

frost n (genitive singular frosts, nominative plural frost)

1. frost

• kuldi

• forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost

From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą. Cognate with Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, Old Swedish frost.

• IPA^(key): /frɔst/, /fɔrst/

frost (plural frostes)

1. Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost.
2. Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets.
3. Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature.
4. (rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect.

• frosty

• English: frost
• Scots: frost
• Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast

• “frost, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 31 October 2018.

From Old Norse frost n.

frost m (definite singular frosten)

1. frost

• barfrost
• frostsikker
• frostvæske
• rimfrost

• “frost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse frost n.

frost m (definite singular frosten)

1. frost

• frostsikker
• frostvæske
• rimfrost

• “frost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

frost m

1. alternative form of forst, produced by metathesis

From Proto-Germanic *frustaz. Cognate with Old English frost, Old Norse frost.

frost m

1. frost

From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost.

frost n

1. frost

• Icelandic: frost
• Faroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)
• Norwegian: frost
• Old Swedish: frost
  • Swedish: frost
• Danish: frost

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “frost”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

From Old Norse frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz.

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frost c

1. frost

• köld

• “frost”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “frost”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “frost”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

• forst-, forts