tag

tag

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tag"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Tagoi.

Symbol

tag

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tagoi.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Tagoi terms

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English tagge (small piece hanging from a garment), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian tagg (point; prong; barb; tag), Swedish tagg (thorn; prickle; tine), Icelandic tág (a willow-twig). Compare also tack.

Pronunciation

Noun

tag (plural tags)

  1. (heading) Physical appendage.
    1. A small label.
    He has a tag hung on his bag.
    1. A skin tag, an excrescence of skin.
    2. A dangling lock of sheep's wool, matted with dung; a dung tag.
    3. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight hanging loosely.
    4. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or lace, to stiffen it.
    5. (biochemistry) Any short peptide sequence artificially attached to proteins mostly in order to help purify, solubilize or visualize these proteins.
    6. Something mean and paltry; the rabble, originally refer to rag as torn cloth.
      • 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande [], Dublin: [] Societie of Stationers, [], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland [] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: [] Society of Stationers, [] Hibernia Press, [] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:
        For upon the like Proclamation there, they all came in, both tag and rag
  2. (heading) Last nonphysical appendage.
    1. The last line (or last two lines) of a song's chorus that is repeated to indicate the end of the song.
    2. (television) The last scene of a TV program, often focusing on the program's subplot.
      Antonym: cold open
      • 2006, Stephen V. Duncan, A Guide to Screenwriting Success, page 300:
        Often, the tag punctuates the "we're all in this together" theme and is topped with a laugh.
    3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue.
  3. (heading) Nonphysical label.
    1. (informal, authorship) An attribution in narrated dialogue (eg, "he said") or attributed words (e.g. "he thought").
      Synonyms: dialogue tag, speech tag, tag line
      • (Can we date this quote?), michael, alt.fiction.original[1] (Usenet):
        Seems here like Russ would be speaking. You could use a tag here.
      • (Can we date this quote?), Jane MacDonald, alt.fiction.original[2] (Usenet):
        If you want to start with talk, stick a tag in right away
      • (Can we date this quote?), bart_...@hotmail.com, alt.fiction.original[3] (Usenet):
        You could combine these two paragraphs, I think, and rewrite to lose the tag portion of the third sentence.
    2. (computing) A piece of markup representing an element in a markup language.
      The <title> tag provides a title for the Web page.
      The <sarcasm> tag conveys sarcasm in Internet slang.
    3. (computing) A keyword, term, or phrase associated with or assigned to data, media, and/or information enabling keyword-based classification; often used to categorize content.
      I want to add genre and artist tags to the files in my music collection.
  4. (heading) Identity.
    1. (chiefly US) A vehicle number plate; a medal bearing identification data (animals, soldiers).
      The subwoofer in the trunk was so loud, it vibrated the tag like an aluminum can.
    2. (slang) A person's name.
      What’s your tag?
  5. (heading) Involving being tagged physically.
    1. (uncountable, children's games) A game, especially for children on playgrounds, in which one player (known as "it") attempts to touch another, who then becomes "it"; any similar game of chasing and trying to reach, touch, shoot, or label other players.
      Synonyms: (Australia) tips, (UK) it
      Hyponyms: archery tag, dart tag, freeze tag, laser tag, zombie tag
    2. (baseball) An instance of touching the baserunner with the ball or the ball in a gloved hand to rule him "out."
      The tag was applied at second for the final out.
  6. (heading) Signature.
    1. (graffiti slang) Graffiti in the form of a stylized signature particular to the artist.
      • 2011, Scape Martinez, Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques, page 124:
        There is a hierarchy of sorts: a throw-up can go over a tag, a piece over a throw-up, and a burner over a piece.
  7. A type of cardboard.
  8. A sheep in its first year.
    • 1807, The Complete Farmer, or, General Dictionary of Agriculture and Husbandry, →OCLC:
      After being weaned, the ram or wedder lamb is sometimes termed hog, hoggit, or tag, during the whole of the first year
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations
See also

(children's game to avoid being "it"):

Verb

tag (third-person singular simple present tags, present participle tagging, simple past and past participle tagged)

  1. (transitive) To label (something).
  2. (transitive) To mark (something) with one's graffiti tag.
  3. (transitive) To remove dung tags from a sheep.
    Regularly tag the rear ends of your sheep.
  4. (transitive, baseball, colloquial) To hit the ball hard.
    He really tagged that ball.
  5. (transitive, vulgar, slang, 1990s) to have sex with someone (especially a man of a woman)
    Steve is dying to tag Angie from chemistry class.
  6. (transitive, baseball) To put a runner out by touching them with the ball or the ball in a gloved hand.
    He tagged the runner for the out.
  7. (transitive, computing) To mark with a tag (metadata for classification).
    Antonym: untag
    I am tagging my music files by artist and genre.
  8. (transitive, Internet) To attach the name of (a user) to a posted message so that they are linked from the post and possibly sent a notification.
    • 2021, Julie B. Wiest, Theorizing Criminality and Policing in the Digital Media Age, page 82:
      One side wants to demonstrate a higher level of street knowledge and openly denounces the distorting lens of Instagram dissings; the other embraces the medium's branding affordances by sending “clout” to a third-party ally, while at the same time avoiding tagging the opponent.
  9. To follow closely, accompany, tag along.
    • 1906 April, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “By Courier”, in The Four Million, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co, →OCLC:
      A tall young man came striding through the park along the path near which she sat. Behind him tagged a boy carrying a suit-case.
  10. (transitive) To catch and touch (a player in the game of tag).
  11. (transitive) To fit with, or as if with, a tag or tags.
  12. (transitive) To fasten; to attach.
  13. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (transitive, online gaming, slang) To make contact with an enemy, usually by attacking it before other players do, to establish exclusive or partial eligibility for loot, experience points achievements, etc.
    He keeps tagging my mobs and I miss out on all the drops.
    I can fight her for you, but you have to tag her if you want the achievement.
  14. (transitive, music) To repeat (the ending of a song); to play a tag
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic תגא (taga, crown). Doublet of taj.

Noun

tag (plural tagin or tagim)

  1. A decoration drawn over some Hebrew letters in Jewish scrolls, especially in Stam style.

References

  • tag”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Further reading

Anagrams

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From Middle High German tag, tac, from Old High German tag, tac, from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz. Cognate with German Tag, English day.

    Noun

    tag m (plural taaghe)

    1. (Sette Comuni) day

    Declension

    References

    • “tag” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

    Crimean Gothic

    Etymology

    From Proto-Germanic *dagaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (to burn).

    Noun

    tag

    1. day
      • 1562, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
        Tag. Dies.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Derived terms

    Danish

    Etymology 1

    From Old Norse þak (thatch, roof), from Proto-Germanic *þaką, cognate with Swedish tak, English thack, thatch, German Dach, Dutch dak.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /taːˀɣ/, [ˈtˢæˀ(j)]

    Noun

    tag n (singular definite taget, plural indefinite tage)

    1. roof
    Declension
    Declension of tag
    neuter
    gender
    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative tag taget tage tagene
    genitive tags tagets tages tagenes
    Derived terms
    • stråtag
    • taganlæg
    • tagbeklædning
    • tagbjælke
    • tagdryp
    • tagdækker
    • tagdækning
    • taghave
    • tagkammer
    • tagkonstruktion
    • tagpap

    Etymology 2

    From Old Norse tak (hold, grasp), cognate with Norwegian tak, Swedish tag. Derived from the verb taka (Danish tage).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ta(ːˀ)ɣ/, [ˈtˢæˀ(j)], [ˈtˢɑw]

    Noun

    tag n (singular definite taget, plural indefinite tag)

    1. hold, grasp, grip
    2. stroke (with an oar or with the armes in the water)
    3. handling, control
    Declension
    Declension of tag
    neuter
    gender
    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative tag taget tag tagene
    genitive tags tagets tags tagenes

    Etymology 3

    Borrowed from English tag (since 1985).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /taɡ/, [ˈtˢæɡ̊]

    Noun

    tag n (singular definite tagget, plural indefinite tags)

    1. tag (signature of a graffiti artist)
    2. (computing) tag (markup in an electronic file)
    Declension
    Declension of tag
    neuter
    gender
    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative tag tagget tags taggene
    genitive tags taggets tags' taggenes

    Etymology 4

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ta(ːˀ)/, [ˈtˢæ(ˀ)]

    Verb

    tag

    1. imperative of tage

    Dutch

    Etymology

    Borrowed from English tag.

    Pronunciation

    • Audio:(file)

    Noun

    tag n (plural tags, diminutive tagje n)

    1. tag

    Finnish

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈtɑɡ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝ɡ]
    • Rhymes: -ɑɡ
    • Syllabification(key): tag
    • Hyphenation(key): tag

    Noun

    tag

    1. alternative form of tagi

    Declension

    Inflection of tag (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
    nominative tag tagit
    genitive tagin tagien
    partitive tagia tageja
    illative tagiin tageihin
    singular plural
    nominative tag tagit
    accusative nom. tag tagit
    gen. tagin
    genitive tagin tagien
    partitive tagia tageja
    inessive tagissa tageissa
    elative tagista tageista
    illative tagiin tageihin
    adessive tagilla tageilla
    ablative tagilta tageilta
    allative tagille tageille
    essive tagina tageina
    translative tagiksi tageiksi
    abessive tagitta tageitta
    instructive tagein
    comitative See the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms of tag (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative tagini tagini
    accusative nom. tagini tagini
    gen. tagini
    genitive tagini tagieni
    partitive tagiani tagejani
    inessive tagissani tageissani
    elative tagistani tageistani
    illative tagiini tageihini
    adessive tagillani tageillani
    ablative tagiltani tageiltani
    allative tagilleni tageilleni
    essive taginani tageinani
    translative tagikseni tageikseni
    abessive tagittani tageittani
    instructive
    comitative tageineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative tagisi tagisi
    accusative nom. tagisi tagisi
    gen. tagisi
    genitive tagisi tagiesi
    partitive tagiasi tagejasi
    inessive tagissasi tageissasi
    elative tagistasi tageistasi
    illative tagiisi tageihisi
    adessive tagillasi tageillasi
    ablative tagiltasi tageiltasi
    allative tagillesi tageillesi
    essive taginasi tageinasi
    translative tagiksesi tageiksesi
    abessive tagittasi tageittasi
    instructive
    comitative tageinesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative tagimme tagimme
    accusative nom. tagimme tagimme
    gen. tagimme
    genitive tagimme tagiemme
    partitive tagiamme tagejamme
    inessive tagissamme tageissamme
    elative tagistamme tageistamme
    illative tagiimme tageihimme
    adessive tagillamme tageillamme
    ablative tagiltamme tageiltamme
    allative tagillemme tageillemme
    essive taginamme tageinamme
    translative tagiksemme tageiksemme
    abessive tagittamme tageittamme
    instructive
    comitative tageinemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative taginne taginne
    accusative nom. taginne taginne
    gen. taginne
    genitive taginne tagienne
    partitive tagianne tagejanne
    inessive tagissanne tageissanne
    elative tagistanne tageistanne
    illative tagiinne tageihinne
    adessive tagillanne tageillanne
    ablative tagiltanne tageiltanne
    allative tagillenne tageillenne
    essive taginanne tageinanne
    translative tagiksenne tageiksenne
    abessive tagittanne tageittanne
    instructive
    comitative tageinenne
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative taginsa taginsa
    accusative nom. taginsa taginsa
    gen. taginsa
    genitive taginsa tagiensa
    partitive tagiaan
    tagiansa
    tagejaan
    tagejansa
    inessive tagissaan
    tagissansa
    tageissaan
    tageissansa
    elative tagistaan
    tagistansa
    tageistaan
    tageistansa
    illative tagiinsa tageihinsa
    adessive tagillaan
    tagillansa
    tageillaan
    tageillansa
    ablative tagiltaan
    tagiltansa
    tageiltaan
    tageiltansa
    allative tagilleen
    tagillensa
    tageilleen
    tageillensa
    essive taginaan
    taginansa
    tageinaan
    tageinansa
    translative tagikseen
    tagiksensa
    tageikseen
    tageiksensa
    abessive tagittaan
    tagittansa
    tageittaan
    tageittansa
    instructive
    comitative tageineen
    tageinensa

    Further reading

    French

    Etymology

      Borrowed from English tag.

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      tag m (plural tags)

      1. tag

      German

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /taːk/
      • Rhymes: -aːk

      Verb

      tag

      1. singular imperative of tagen

      Hungarian

      Etymology 1

      Of unknown origin.[1]

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈtɒɡ]
      • Audio:(file)
      • Hyphenation: tag
      • Rhymes: -ɒɡ

      Noun

      tag (plural tagok)

      1. member
      2. synonym of végtag (limb)
      Declension
      Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
      singular plural
      nominative tag tagok
      accusative tagot tagokat
      dative tagnak tagoknak
      instrumental taggal tagokkal
      causal-final tagért tagokért
      translative taggá tagokká
      terminative tagig tagokig
      essive-formal tagként tagokként
      essive-modal tagul
      inessive tagban tagokban
      superessive tagon tagokon
      adessive tagnál tagoknál
      illative tagba tagokba
      sublative tagra tagokra
      allative taghoz tagokhoz
      elative tagból tagokból
      delative tagról tagokról
      ablative tagtól tagoktól
      non-attributive
      possessive – singular
      tagé tagoké
      non-attributive
      possessive – plural
      tagéi tagokéi
      Possessive forms of tag
      possessor single possession multiple possessions
      1st person sing. tagom tagjaim
      2nd person sing. tagod tagjaid
      3rd person sing. tagja tagjai
      1st person plural tagunk tagjaink
      2nd person plural tagotok tagjaitok
      3rd person plural tagjuk tagjaik
      Derived terms
      Expressions

      Etymology 2

      Unadapted borrowing from English tag (piece of markup).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈtɛɡ]
      • Rhymes: -ɛɡ

      Noun

      tag (plural tagek)

      1. (computing) tag (a piece of markup representing an element in a markup language)
      Declension
      Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
      singular plural
      nominative tag tagek
      accusative taget tageket
      dative tagnek tageknek
      instrumental taggel tagekkel
      causal-final tagért tagekért
      translative taggé tagekké
      terminative tagig tagekig
      essive-formal tagként tagekként
      essive-modal
      inessive tagben tagekben
      superessive tagen tageken
      adessive tagnél tageknél
      illative tagbe tagekbe
      sublative tagre tagekre
      allative taghez tagekhez
      elative tagből tagekből
      delative tagről tagekről
      ablative tagtől tagektől
      non-attributive
      possessive – singular
      tagé tageké
      non-attributive
      possessive – plural
      tagéi tagekéi
      Possessive forms of tag
      possessor single possession multiple possessions
      1st person sing. tagem tagjeim
      2nd person sing. taged tagjeid
      3rd person sing. tagje tagjei
      1st person plural tagünk tagjeink
      2nd person plural tagetek tagjeitek
      3rd person plural tagjük tagjeik

      Etymology 3

      Borrowed from English tag (a piece of graffiti).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈtɛɡ]
      • Rhymes: -ɛɡ

      Noun

      tag (plural tagek)

      1. tag (graffiti in the form of a stylized signature particular to the artist)
      Declension
      Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
      singular plural
      nominative tag tagek
      accusative taget tageket
      dative tagnek tageknek
      instrumental taggel tagekkel
      causal-final tagért tagekért
      translative taggé tagekké
      terminative tagig tagekig
      essive-formal tagként tagekként
      essive-modal
      inessive tagben tagekben
      superessive tagen tageken
      adessive tagnél tageknél
      illative tagbe tagekbe
      sublative tagre tagekre
      allative taghez tagekhez
      elative tagből tagekből
      delative tagről tagekről
      ablative tagtől tagektől
      non-attributive
      possessive – singular
      tagé tageké
      non-attributive
      possessive – plural
      tagéi tagekéi
      Possessive forms of tag
      possessor single possession multiple possessions
      1st person sing. tagem tagjeim
      2nd person sing. taged tagjeid
      3rd person sing. tagje tagjei
      1st person plural tagünk tagjeink
      2nd person plural tagetek tagjeitek
      3rd person plural tagjük tagjeik

      References

      1. ^ tag in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

      Further reading

      • tag in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

      Meriam

      Noun

      tag

      1. arm, hand

      Middle High German

      Noun

      tag m

      1. alternative form of tac

      Declension

      Old High German

      Alternative forms

      Etymology

        From Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz, whence also Old English dæġ, Old Norse dagr, Old Dutch and Old Saxon dag, Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (to burn).

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /taɡ/, /taɣ/

        Noun

        tag m (plural taga)

        1. day
          tag after tage
          day after day

        Declension

        Declension of tag (masculine a-stem)
        case singular plural
        nominative tag tagā, taga
        accusative tag tagā, taga
        genitive tages tago
        dative tage tagum
        instrumental tagu

        Derived terms

        Descendants

        • Middle High German: tac, tag, dach
          • Alemannic German: Tag
            Alsatian: Dàà (north), Dàj (center), Dàg (south)
            Italian Walser: tag, tog, tàg
            Swabian: Dag
          • Bavarian: Da, Dåg, Doch, Tog
            Cimbrian: tak, ta, tag, tage
            Mòcheno: ta
            Udinese: tach, ti
          • Central Franconian: Daach
            Hunsrik: Daagh, taach (Wiesemann spelling system), Tóch, Tooch (Altenhofen spelling)
          • East Central German:
            Upper Saxon German: Dag
          • German: Tag
            Esperanto: tago
          • Luxembourgish: Dag, Do
          • Rhine Franconian: Tach
            Pennsylvania German: Daag
          • Transylvanian Saxon: Dåch
          • Vilamovian: taog
          • Yiddish: טאָג (tog)

        References

        • Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

        Polish

        Etymology

          Borrowed from English tag.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ˈtak/
          • Audio:(file)
          • Rhymes: -ak
          • Syllabification: tag
          • Homophones: Tag, tak

          Noun

          tag m inan

          1. (computing) tag (piece of markup representing an element in a markup language)
            Synonym: znacznik

          Declension

          Further reading

          • tag”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
          • tag”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[7] (in Polish)

          Portuguese

          Etymology

          Unadapted borrowing from English tag.

          Pronunciation

           
          • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈta.ɡɨ/ [ˈta.ɣɨ], /ˈtɛ.ɡɨ/ [ˈtɛ.ɣɨ]

          Noun

          tag f or m (plural tags)

          1. tag (type of graffiti)
          2. an RFID chip, especially one used to unlock electronic door locks, often carried as a key fob
          3. (computing) tag (a markup instruction)
          4. (computing) tag (keyword, term, or phrase associated with or assigned to data, media, and/or information)

          Derived terms

          Further reading

          Sumerian

          Romanization

          tag

          1. romanization of 𒋳 (tag)

          Swedish

          Etymology

          From Old Norse tak.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /tɑːɡ/
          • Audio:(file)

          Noun

          tag n

          1. a grip, a hold (of something)
            Tappa inte taget
            Don't lose your grip
            Släpp inte taget!
            Don't let go [Don't release your grip]!
            ta tag i något
            grab something [take grip in something]
            få tag i någon/något
            get hold of someone/something
          2. (figuratively, in "ta tag i (något)") to get down to dealing with (something)
          3. a stroke (with oars or an oar, a paddle, or the like; in swimming)
            ett tag till med åran
            one more stroke with the oar
            ta ett årtag
            take a stroke with oars (or an oar)
            ta ett paddeltag
            take a stroke with a paddle
            ta några simtag
            take a few swimming strokes
          4. a while (limited, often short time period)
            Hon kommer om ett tag
            She will be here in a while
            Det kommer ta ett bra tag
            It will take a good while
            ett litet tag
            a little while
            Det är inget jag glömmer i första taget
            It's not something I will forget in a hurry [in the first while]
          5. a manner of doing something (can be thought of as "grips" as a metaphor for how one goes about something)
            en maskin som tål tuffa tag
            a machine that can take a beating ("that can stand tough grips")
            friska tag
            spunk, vigor ("fresh grips")
            Somliga gillar hårda tag
            Some like it rough

          Declension

          Derived terms

          • vara i tagen

          See also

          Verb

          tag

          1. imperative of taga

          Alternative forms

          References

          Anagrams

          Welsh

          Etymology

          Back-formation from tagu (to strangle, to choke).

          Noun

          tag m (plural tagau or tagion)

          1. choking, suffocation

          Derived terms

          • bleidd-dag (wolfsbane, monkshood)
          • llindag (suffocation; snare; dodder; thrush)
          • tagaradr (restharrow)
          • tagell (gill; jowl)
          • tagfa (choking, throttling; bottleneck)
          • taglys (bindweed)
          • ytag (black bindweed; buckwheat)

          Mutation

          Mutated forms of tag
          radical soft nasal aspirate
          tag dag nhag thag

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

          References

          • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “tag”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

          White Hmong

          Etymology

          See tas.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ta˧˩̤/

          Noun

          tag

          1. alternative form of tas (day segment)

          Particle

          tag

          1. alternative form of tas (completion particle)

          Usage notes

          More commonly used than tas.

          References

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            Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979), White Hmong — English Dictionary[8], SEAP Publications, →ISBN.