suffoco

suffoco

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *upó
Proto-Italic *supo
Latin sub
Latin sub-
Latin fōc-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin suffōcō

    From sub- + fōc- (“throat”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    suffōcō (present infinitive suffōcāre, perfect active suffōcāvī, supine suffōcātum); first conjugation

    1. to choke, stifle, strangle, suffocate, drown
      Synonyms: premō, angō

    Usage notes

    To convey the verb "suffocate" in the sense of "suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body," one must use the passive voice; the active voice is said of someone who causes another to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body.

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of suffōcō (first conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present suffōcō suffōcās suffōcat suffōcāmus suffōcātis suffōcant
    imperfect suffōcābam suffōcābās suffōcābat suffōcābāmus suffōcābātis suffōcābant
    future suffōcābō suffōcābis suffōcābit suffōcābimus suffōcābitis suffōcābunt
    perfect suffōcāvī suffōcāvistī suffōcāvit suffōcāvimus suffōcāvistis suffōcāvērunt,
    suffōcāvēre
    pluperfect suffōcāveram suffōcāverās suffōcāverat suffōcāverāmus suffōcāverātis suffōcāverant
    future perfect suffōcāverō suffōcāveris suffōcāverit suffōcāverimus suffōcāveritis suffōcāverint
    passive present suffōcor suffōcāris,
    suffōcāre     		suffōcātur suffōcāmur suffōcāminī suffōcantur
    imperfect suffōcābar suffōcābāris,
    suffōcābāre     		suffōcābātur suffōcābāmur suffōcābāminī suffōcābantur
    future suffōcābor suffōcāberis,
    suffōcābere     		suffōcābitur suffōcābimur suffōcābiminī suffōcābuntur
    perfect suffōcātus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect suffōcātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect suffōcātus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present suffōcem suffōcēs suffōcet suffōcēmus suffōcētis suffōcent
    imperfect suffōcārem suffōcārēs suffōcāret suffōcārēmus suffōcārētis suffōcārent
    perfect suffōcāverim suffōcāverīs suffōcāverit suffōcāverīmus suffōcāverītis suffōcāverint
    pluperfect suffōcāvissem suffōcāvissēs suffōcāvisset suffōcāvissēmus suffōcāvissētis suffōcāvissent
    passive present suffōcer suffōcēris,
    suffōcēre     		suffōcētur suffōcēmur suffōcēminī suffōcentur
    imperfect suffōcārer suffōcārēris,
    suffōcārēre     		suffōcārētur suffōcārēmur suffōcārēminī suffōcārentur
    perfect suffōcātus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect suffōcātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — suffōcā — — suffōcāte —
    future — suffōcātō suffōcātō — suffōcātōte suffōcantō
    passive present — suffōcāre — — suffōcāminī —
    future — suffōcātor suffōcātor — — suffōcantor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present suffōcāre suffōcārī suffōcāns —
    future suffōcātūrum esse suffōcātum īrī suffōcātūrus suffōcandus
    perfect suffōcāvisse suffōcātum esse — suffōcātus
    future perfect — suffōcātum fore — —
    perfect potential suffōcātūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    suffōcandī suffōcandō suffōcandum suffōcandō suffōcātum suffōcātū

    Descendants

    • Italo-Dalmatian:
      • Italian: soffocare, soffogare
        • → Piedmontese: sofoché
      • Venetan: sofegar, sofigar
        • → Old French: sofoger (only in Marco Polo)
    • Gallo-Italic:
    • Borrowings:

    References

    Further reading

    • “suffoco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “suffoco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “suffoco”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • suffoco in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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