oma

oma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "oma"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Omaha-Ponca.

Symbol

oma

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Omaha-Ponca.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Omaha-Ponca terms

English

Etymology

    Borrowed from German Oma.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈoʊmə/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Rhymes: -əʊmə

    Noun

    oma (plural omas)

    1. (among people of German-speaking ancestry) Grandmother, grandma.
      Coordinate term: opa

    See also

    Anagrams

    Catalan

    Etymology

    From om +‎ -a.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    oma f (plural omes)

    1. wych elm, Scots elm

    Further reading

    Dutch

    Etymology

    Likely stemming from grootma, a word that young children often mispronounce. Cognate to German Oma.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈoː.maː/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: oma

    Noun

    oma f (plural oma's, diminutive omaatje n)

    1. grandma, granny, nan
      Synonym: grootmoeder
    2. (colloquial) any old woman

    Descendants

    • Indonesian: oma, omah
    • Papiamentu: oma
    • Sranan Tongo: oma

    Estonian

    Etymology

    From Proto-Finnic *oma. Cognate to Finnish oma, Livonian umm, Votic õma and Northern Sami oapmi. Compare also Udmurt умой (umoj, good, fitting, right) and Komi-Zyrian эм (em, exists). Possibly an old derivation from the copula - olema.

    Adjective

    oma (indeclinable)

    1. own
    2. (military) friendly

    Declension

    Indeclinable.

    Noun

    oma (genitive oma, partitive oma)

    1. (military, usually in the plural) a friendly

    Declension

    Declension of oma (ÕS type 17i/pesa, no gradation)
    singular plural
    nominative oma omad
    accusative nom.
    gen. oma
    genitive omade
    partitive oma omi
    omasid
    illative omma
    omasse
    omadesse
    omisse
    inessive omas omades
    omis
    elative omast omadest
    omist
    allative omale omadele
    omile
    adessive omal omadel
    omil
    ablative omalt omadelt
    omilt
    translative omaks omadeks
    omiks
    terminative omani omadeni
    essive omana omadena
    abessive omata omadeta
    comitative omaga omadega

    Finnish

    Etymology

    From Proto-Finnic *oma. Cognate to Estonian oma, Votic õma and Northern Sami oapmi.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈomɑ/, [ˈo̞mɑ̝]
    • Rhymes: -omɑ
    • Syllabification(key): o‧ma
    • Hyphenation(key): oma

    Adjective

    oma (comparative omempi, superlative omin)

    1. own (that belongs to one)
      Tuo on minun oma tauluni.
      That is my own table.
      Tämä omani on monin verroin parempi.
      My own is far better.
    2. (military) friendly (on one's own side)

    Declension

    Inflection of oma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
    nominative oma omat
    genitive oman omien
    partitive omaa omia
    illative omaan omiin
    singular plural
    nominative oma omat
    accusative nom. oma omat
    gen. oman
    genitive oman omien
    omain rare
    partitive omaa omia
    inessive omassa omissa
    elative omasta omista
    illative omaan omiin
    adessive omalla omilla
    ablative omalta omilta
    allative omalle omille
    essive omana omina
    translative omaksi omiksi
    abessive omatta omitta
    instructive omin
    comitative omine
    Possessive forms of oma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omani omani
    accusative nom. omani omani
    gen. omani
    genitive omani omieni
    omaini rare
    partitive omaani omiani
    inessive omassani omissani
    elative omastani omistani
    illative omaani omiini
    adessive omallani omillani
    ablative omaltani omiltani
    allative omalleni omilleni
    essive omanani ominani
    translative omakseni omikseni
    abessive omattani omittani
    instructive
    comitative omineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omasi omasi
    accusative nom. omasi omasi
    gen. omasi
    genitive omasi omiesi
    omaisi rare
    partitive omaasi omiasi
    inessive omassasi omissasi
    elative omastasi omistasi
    illative omaasi omiisi
    adessive omallasi omillasi
    ablative omaltasi omiltasi
    allative omallesi omillesi
    essive omanasi ominasi
    translative omaksesi omiksesi
    abessive omattasi omittasi
    instructive
    comitative ominesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omamme omamme
    accusative nom. omamme omamme
    gen. omamme
    genitive omamme omiemme
    omaimme rare
    partitive omaamme omiamme
    inessive omassamme omissamme
    elative omastamme omistamme
    illative omaamme omiimme
    adessive omallamme omillamme
    ablative omaltamme omiltamme
    allative omallemme omillemme
    essive omanamme ominamme
    translative omaksemme omiksemme
    abessive omattamme omittamme
    instructive
    comitative ominemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omanne omanne
    accusative nom. omanne omanne
    gen. omanne
    genitive omanne omienne
    omainne rare
    partitive omaanne omianne
    inessive omassanne omissanne
    elative omastanne omistanne
    illative omaanne omiinne
    adessive omallanne omillanne
    ablative omaltanne omiltanne
    allative omallenne omillenne
    essive omananne ominanne
    translative omaksenne omiksenne
    abessive omattanne omittanne
    instructive
    comitative ominenne
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omansa omansa
    accusative nom. omansa omansa
    gen. omansa
    genitive omansa omiensa
    omainsa rare
    partitive omaansa omiaan
    omiansa
    inessive omassaan
    omassansa
    omissaan
    omissansa
    elative omastaan
    omastansa
    omistaan
    omistansa
    illative omaansa omiinsa
    adessive omallaan
    omallansa
    omillaan
    omillansa
    ablative omaltaan
    omaltansa
    omiltaan
    omiltansa
    allative omalleen
    omallensa
    omilleen
    omillensa
    essive omanaan
    omanansa
    ominaan
    ominansa
    translative omakseen
    omaksensa
    omikseen
    omiksensa
    abessive omattaan
    omattansa
    omittaan
    omittansa
    instructive
    comitative omineen
    ominensa

    Derived terms

    Noun

    oma

    1. (military, usually in the plural) friendly (someone on the same side)
      Älä ammu, ne ovat omia.
      Don't shoot, they are friendlies.

    Declension

    Inflection of oma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
    nominative oma omat
    genitive oman omien
    partitive omaa omia
    illative omaan omiin
    singular plural
    nominative oma omat
    accusative nom. oma omat
    gen. oman
    genitive oman omien
    omain rare
    partitive omaa omia
    inessive omassa omissa
    elative omasta omista
    illative omaan omiin
    adessive omalla omilla
    ablative omalta omilta
    allative omalle omille
    essive omana omina
    translative omaksi omiksi
    abessive omatta omitta
    instructive omin
    comitative See the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms of oma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omani omani
    accusative nom. omani omani
    gen. omani
    genitive omani omieni
    omaini rare
    partitive omaani omiani
    inessive omassani omissani
    elative omastani omistani
    illative omaani omiini
    adessive omallani omillani
    ablative omaltani omiltani
    allative omalleni omilleni
    essive omanani ominani
    translative omakseni omikseni
    abessive omattani omittani
    instructive
    comitative omineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omasi omasi
    accusative nom. omasi omasi
    gen. omasi
    genitive omasi omiesi
    omaisi rare
    partitive omaasi omiasi
    inessive omassasi omissasi
    elative omastasi omistasi
    illative omaasi omiisi
    adessive omallasi omillasi
    ablative omaltasi omiltasi
    allative omallesi omillesi
    essive omanasi ominasi
    translative omaksesi omiksesi
    abessive omattasi omittasi
    instructive
    comitative ominesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omamme omamme
    accusative nom. omamme omamme
    gen. omamme
    genitive omamme omiemme
    omaimme rare
    partitive omaamme omiamme
    inessive omassamme omissamme
    elative omastamme omistamme
    illative omaamme omiimme
    adessive omallamme omillamme
    ablative omaltamme omiltamme
    allative omallemme omillemme
    essive omanamme ominamme
    translative omaksemme omiksemme
    abessive omattamme omittamme
    instructive
    comitative ominemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omanne omanne
    accusative nom. omanne omanne
    gen. omanne
    genitive omanne omienne
    omainne rare
    partitive omaanne omianne
    inessive omassanne omissanne
    elative omastanne omistanne
    illative omaanne omiinne
    adessive omallanne omillanne
    ablative omaltanne omiltanne
    allative omallenne omillenne
    essive omananne ominanne
    translative omaksenne omiksenne
    abessive omattanne omittanne
    instructive
    comitative ominenne
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative omansa omansa
    accusative nom. omansa omansa
    gen. omansa
    genitive omansa omiensa
    omainsa rare
    partitive omaansa omiaan
    omiansa
    inessive omassaan
    omassansa
    omissaan
    omissansa
    elative omastaan
    omastansa
    omistaan
    omistansa
    illative omaansa omiinsa
    adessive omallaan
    omallansa
    omillaan
    omillansa
    ablative omaltaan
    omaltansa
    omiltaan
    omiltansa
    allative omalleen
    omallensa
    omilleen
    omillensa
    essive omanaan
    omanansa
    ominaan
    ominansa
    translative omakseen
    omaksensa
    omikseen
    omiksensa
    abessive omattaan
    omattansa
    omittaan
    omittansa
    instructive
    comitative omineen
    ominensa

    See also

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Haitian Creole

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /oma/

    Noun

    oma

    1. lobster

    References

    • Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary[4], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 170

    Indonesian

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈoma/
    • Hyphenation: o‧ma

    Etymology 1

    From Dutch oma.

    Noun

    oma (plural oma-oma)

    1. (colloquial) grandma
      Synonym: nenek
      Coordinate term: opa
      Tempat ini adalah rumah bagi 41 orang lanjut usia—yang di sini lebih senang dipanggil Opa dan Oma.[1]
      This place is home to 41 elderly people—who here prefer to be called grandpa and grandma.

    Etymology 2

    From Rote languages

    Noun

    oma (plural oma-oma)

    1. unit weight of approximately 3 kg of gold

    Etymology 3

    Borrowed from Bima [Term?].

    Noun

    oma (plural oma-oma)

    1. fields located on the mountain

    References

    1. ^ Hui Maria dan Rumah Kasih untuk Opa-Oma”, in JNEWS (in Indonesian), JNEWS, 27 May 2025, retrieved 9 January 2026

    Further reading

    Ingrian

    Etymology

    From Proto-Finnic *oma. Cognates include Finnish oma and Estonian oma.

    Pronunciation

    • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈomɑ/, [ˈo̞mɑˑ]
    • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈomɑ/, [ˈo̞mɑˑ]
    • Rhymes: -omɑ
    • Hyphenation: o‧ma

    Adjective

    oma (not comparable)

    1. own
      • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
        Territorialisest, oman elopaikan poolest, iƶorat ollaa soomalaisiin, venäläisiin, virolaisiin ja vadjalaisiin naapurinna.
        Territorially, according to [their] own place of residence, Ingrians are neighbours to Finns, Russians, Estonians and Votes.
      • (Can we date this quote?), “Omal maal”, performed by Arvo Survo:
        Omal maal, omal maal, omal kotimaal. Kual rauhan saan syämehein miä sinne kaihoon ain!
        In [my] own country, in [my] own country, in [my] own homeland. Where I'll get peace in my heart I will always long [to be] there!
      • 2021, Kati Kallio, Riho Grünthal, Lasi Saressalo, quoting Olga Filatova, Inkerikot, setot ja vatjalaiset (overall work in Finnish), →ISBN, page 40:
        Ennee sottaa mittää sitä vennään keeltä meil ei olt - kaik oli oma keeli!
        Before the war we didn't have any Russian language - everything was our own language!

    Declension

    Declension of oma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
    singular plural
    nominative oma omat
    genitive oman ommiin
    partitive ommaa ommia
    illative ommaa ommii
    inessive omas omis
    elative omast omist
    allative omalle omille
    adessive omal omil
    ablative omalt omilt
    translative omaks omiks
    essive omanna, ommaan ominna, ommiin
    exessive1) omant omint
    1) obsolete
    *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
    **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

    Derived terms

    References

    • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 362

    Karao

    Etymology

    From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quma.

    Noun

    oma

    1. mountainside garden

    Karelian

    Adjective

    oma

    1. own

    Kari'na

    Etymology

    From Proto-Cariban *ôtema; compare Apalaí osema, Trió ëema, Wayana ësema, Waiwai esama, Akawaio e'ma, Macushi ema, Pemon ema, Ye'kwana ööma.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [oːma]

    Noun

    óma (possessed omary)

    1. road, path
    2. line

    References

    • Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary[6], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 328
    • Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931), “oma”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 335; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes[7], Paris, 1956, page 328

    Kirikiri

    Noun

    oma

    1. (Faia) tongue

    Synonyms

    Further reading

    Laboya

    Etymology

    From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quma.

    Noun

    oma

    1. garden

    References

    • Rina, A. Dj.; Kabba, John Lado B. (2011), “oma”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 75

    Ladin

    Noun

    oma f (plural omans)

    1. mother

    Lala (South Africa)

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    -óma

    1. to become dry

    Latvian

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Old East Slavic умъ (umŭ, mind, intellect) (cf. Russian ум (um, mind, intellect, wit)), cognate with Lithuanian aumuõ (understanding, notion, intellect), genitive aumeñs. This word was borrowed into Latvian before the 13th century, while Old East Slavic у was still close to [o] in pronunciation. It conserved its original meaning (“mind,” “understanding”) well into the 19th century; the modern sense was an innovation introduced by Atis Kronvalds.[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [uōma]

    Noun

    oma f (4th declension)

    1. mood (mental or emotional state)
      būt labā omāto be in a good mood
      būt priecīgā omāto be in a cheerful mood
      viņš šodien ir sliktā omāhe is in a bad mood today

    Declension

    Declension of oma (4th)
    singular
    (vienskaitlis)
    plural
    (daudzskaitlis)
    nominative oma omas
    genitive omas omu
    dative omai omām
    accusative omu omas
    instrumental omu omām
    locative omā omās
    vocative oma omas

    Derived terms

    • omulīgs, omulīgums
    • omulība

    References

    1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “oma”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

    Lotha Naga

    Etymology

    From Proto-Central Naga *maj.

    Noun

    oma

    1. salt

    Further reading

    • Murry, K. R.; Yanthan, J. T.; Patton, Alumo (1978), Anglo-Lotha Vocabulary, Wokha, Nagaland: Kyong Academy, page 127

    Ludian

    Etymology

    From Proto-Finnic *oma.

    Adjective

    oma

    1. own

    Declension

    This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

    Māori

    Verb

    oma

    1. run, race, flee, escape, move quickly, run away

    Maranao

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quma.

    Noun

    oma

    1. farm

    Etymology 2

    From Western Bukidnon Manobo uma.

    Verb

    oma

    1. to arrive

    Murui Huitoto

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈɔma]
    • Hyphenation: o‧ma

    Etymology 1

    Cognates include Minica Huitoto oma and Nüpode Huitoto oma.

    Noun

    oma

    1. brother-in-law (to a female)
    Declension
    Declension of oma
    singular plural kinship plural
    absolutive oma omaɨaɨ omatɨaɨ
    nominative omadɨ omaɨaɨdɨ omatɨaɨdɨ
    accusative omana omaɨaɨna omatɨaɨna
    dative/locative omamo omaɨaɨmo omatɨaɨmo
    ablative omamona omaɨaɨmona omatɨaɨmona
    instrumental omado omaɨaɨdo omatɨaɨdo
    causal omari omaɨaɨri omatɨaɨri
    privative omanino omaɨaɨnino omatɨaɨnino
    sequential omanona omaɨaɨnona omatɨaɨnona

    Etymology 2

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Root

    oma

    1. tail
    Derived terms

    References

    • Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎[8] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 53
    • Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[9], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 41

    Northern Ndebele

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    -óma

    1. to become dry

    Inflection

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Northern Sotho

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    oma

    1. to be dry

    Polish

    Etymology

    Univerbation of o +‎ ma.

    Pronunciation

    Particle

    oma

    1. (Far Masovian, Kolno) synonym of jużci
      Oma prawda!Now ain't that the truth!

    Further reading

    • Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “oma”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 226

    Portuguese

    Etymology

    From German Oma (grandma).

    Pronunciation

     

    • Hyphenation: o‧ma

    Noun

    oma f (plural omas)

    1. (South Brazil, familiar) grandma
      Synonym: avó
      Antonym: opa

    Further reading

    • oma”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2026

    Siraya

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

    oma

    1. field

    Sotho

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    oma

    1. to be dry

    Southern Ndebele

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    -ôma

    1. to become dry

    Inflection

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Sranan Tongo

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Dutch oma.

    Noun

    oma

    1. grandmother

    References

    Swazi

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    -oma

    1. to become dry

    Inflection

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Tswana

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    oma

    1. to be dry

    Volapük

    Pronoun

    oma

    1. (genitive singular of om) "his"
      • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 21:
        Ma lesag oma, üdunom ädelo atosi.
        According to his statement, he would have done it yesterday.

    Synonyms

    West Makian

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈo.ma/

    Noun

    oma

    1. a child

    References

    • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours[10], Pacific linguistics

    Xhosa

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    -ôma

    1. to become dry

    Inflection

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Zulu

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ́ma.

    Verb

    -ôma

    1. to become dry
    2. to become thirsty

    Inflection

    tone HH (infinitive ukoma)
    positive negative
    infinitive ukoma ukungomi
    imperative
    simple + object concord
    singular yoma -ome
    plural yomani -omeni
    stative
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngomile, ngomē engomile, engomē ngomile, ngomē angomile, angomē engingomile, engingomē ngingomile, ngingomē
    2nd singular womile, womē owomile, owomē womile, womē awomile, awomē ongomile, ongomē ungomile, ungomē
    1st plural somile, somē esomile, esomē somile, somē asomile, asomē esingomile, esingomē singomile, singomē
    2nd plural nomile, nomē enomile, enomē nomile, nomē anomile, anomē eningomile, eningomē ningomile, ningomē
    class 1 womile, womē owomile, owomē omile, omē akomile, akomē ongomile, ongomē engomile, engomē
    class 2 bomile, bomē abomile, abomē bomile, bomē abomile, abomē abangomile, abangomē bengomile, bengomē
    class 3 womile, womē owomile, owomē womile, womē awomile, awomē ongomile, ongomē ungomile, ungomē
    class 4 yomile, yomē eyomile, eyomē yomile, yomē ayomile, ayomē engomile, engomē ingomile, ingomē
    class 5 lomile, lomē elomile, elomē lomile, lomē alomile, alomē elingomile, elingomē lingomile, lingomē
    class 6 omile, omē omile, omē omile, omē awomile, awomē angomile, angomē engomile, engomē
    class 7 somile, somē esomile, esomē somile, somē asomile, asomē esingomile, esingomē singomile, singomē
    class 8 zomile, zomē ezomile, ezomē zomile, zomē azomile, azomē ezingomile, ezingomē zingomile, zingomē
    class 9 yomile, yomē eyomile, eyomē yomile, yomē ayomile, ayomē engomile, engomē ingomile, ingomē
    class 10 zomile, zomē ezomile, ezomē zomile, zomē azomile, azomē ezingomile, ezingomē zingomile, zingomē
    class 11 lomile, lomē olomile, olomē lomile, lomē alomile, alomē olungomile, olungomē lungomile, lungomē
    class 14 bomile, bomē obomile, obomē bomile, bomē abomile, abomē obungomile, obungomē bungomile, bungomē
    class 15 komile, komē okomile, okomē komile, komē akomile, akomē okungomile, okungomē kungomile, kungomē
    class 17 komile, komē okomile, okomē komile, komē akomile, akomē okungomile, okungomē kungomile, kungomē
    present
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyoma, ngoma engomayo, engoma ngoma angomi engingomi ngingomi
    2nd singular uyoma, woma owomayo, owoma woma awomi ongomi ungomi
    1st plural siyoma, soma esomayo, esoma soma asomi esingomi singomi
    2nd plural niyoma, noma enomayo, enoma noma anomi eningomi ningomi
    class 1 uyoma, woma owomayo, owoma oma akomi ongomi engomi
    class 2 bayoma, boma abomayo, aboma boma abomi abangomi bengomi
    class 3 uyoma, woma owomayo, owoma woma awomi ongomi ungomi
    class 4 iyoma, yoma eyomayo, eyoma yoma ayomi engomi ingomi
    class 5 liyoma, loma elomayo, eloma loma alomi elingomi lingomi
    class 6 ayoma, oma omayo, oma oma awomi angomi engomi
    class 7 siyoma, soma esomayo, esoma soma asomi esingomi singomi
    class 8 ziyoma, zoma ezomayo, ezoma zoma azomi ezingomi zingomi
    class 9 iyoma, yoma eyomayo, eyoma yoma ayomi engomi ingomi
    class 10 ziyoma, zoma ezomayo, ezoma zoma azomi ezingomi zingomi
    class 11 luyoma, loma olomayo, oloma loma alomi olungomi lungomi
    class 14 buyoma, boma obomayo, oboma boma abomi obungomi bungomi
    class 15 kuyoma, koma okomayo, okoma koma akomi okungomi kungomi
    class 17 kuyoma, koma okomayo, okoma koma akomi okungomi kungomi
    recent past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngomile, ngomē engomile, engomē ngomile, ngomē angomanga engingomanga ngingomanga
    2nd singular womile, womē owomile, owomē womile, womē awomanga ongomanga ungomanga
    1st plural somile, somē esomile, esomē somile, somē asomanga esingomanga singomanga
    2nd plural nomile, nomē enomile, enomē nomile, nomē anomanga eningomanga ningomanga
    class 1 womile, womē owomile, owomē omile, omē akomanga ongomanga engomanga
    class 2 bomile, bomē abomile, abomē bomile, bomē abomanga abangomanga bengomanga
    class 3 womile, womē owomile, owomē womile, womē awomanga ongomanga ungomanga
    class 4 yomile, yomē eyomile, eyomē yomile, yomē ayomanga engomanga ingomanga
    class 5 lomile, lomē elomile, elomē lomile, lomē alomanga elingomanga lingomanga
    class 6 omile, omē omile, omē omile, omē awomanga angomanga engomanga
    class 7 somile, somē esomile, esomē somile, somē asomanga esingomanga singomanga
    class 8 zomile, zomē ezomile, ezomē zomile, zomē azomanga ezingomanga zingomanga
    class 9 yomile, yomē eyomile, eyomē yomile, yomē ayomanga engomanga ingomanga
    class 10 zomile, zomē ezomile, ezomē zomile, zomē azomanga ezingomanga zingomanga
    class 11 lomile, lomē olomile, olomē lomile, lomē alomanga olungomanga lungomanga
    class 14 bomile, bomē obomile, obomē bomile, bomē abomanga obungomanga bungomanga
    class 15 komile, komē okomile, okomē komile, komē akomanga okungomanga kungomanga
    class 17 komile, komē okomile, okomē komile, komē akomanga okungomanga kungomanga
    remote past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngōma engōma ngōma angomanga engingomanga ngingomanga
    2nd singular wōma owōma wōma awomanga ongomanga ungomanga
    1st plural sōma esōma sōma asomanga esingomanga singomanga
    2nd plural nōma enōma nōma anomanga eningomanga ningomanga
    class 1 wōma owōma ōma akomanga ongomanga engomanga
    class 2 bōma abōma bōma abomanga abangomanga bengomanga
    class 3 wōma owōma wōma awomanga ongomanga ungomanga
    class 4 yōma eyōma yōma ayomanga engomanga ingomanga
    class 5 lōma elōma lōma alomanga elingomanga lingomanga
    class 6 ōma ōma ōma awomanga angomanga engomanga
    class 7 sōma esōma sōma asomanga esingomanga singomanga
    class 8 zōma ezōma zōma azomanga ezingomanga zingomanga
    class 9 yōma eyōma yōma ayomanga engomanga ingomanga
    class 10 zōma ezōma zōma azomanga ezingomanga zingomanga
    class 11 lōma olōma lōma alomanga olungomanga lungomanga
    class 14 bōma obōma bōma abomanga obungomanga bungomanga
    class 15 kōma okōma kōma akomanga okungomanga kungomanga
    class 17 kōma okōma kōma akomanga okungomanga kungomanga
    potential
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngingoma ngingoma ngingome ngingome
    2nd singular ungoma ungoma ungome ungome
    1st plural singoma singoma singome singome
    2nd plural ningoma ningoma ningome ningome
    class 1 angoma engoma angome engome
    class 2 bangoma bengoma bangome bengome
    class 3 ungoma ungoma ungome ungome
    class 4 ingoma ingoma ingome ingome
    class 5 lingoma lingoma lingome lingome
    class 6 angoma engoma angome engome
    class 7 singoma singoma singome singome
    class 8 zingoma zingoma zingome zingome
    class 9 ingoma ingoma ingome ingome
    class 10 zingoma zingoma zingome zingome
    class 11 lungoma lungoma lungome lungome
    class 14 bungoma bungoma bungome bungome
    class 15 kungoma kungoma kungome kungome
    class 17 kungoma kungoma kungome kungome
    immediate future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngizokoma engizokoma ngizokoma angizukoma engingezukoma ngingezukoma
    2nd singular uzokoma ozokoma uzokoma awuzukoma ongezukoma ungezukoma
    1st plural sizokoma esizokoma sizokoma asizukoma esingezukoma singezukoma
    2nd plural nizokoma enizokoma nizokoma anizukoma eningezukoma ningezukoma
    class 1 uzokoma ozokoma ezokoma akazukoma ongezukoma engezukoma
    class 2 bazokoma abazokoma bezokoma abazukoma abangezukoma bengezukoma
    class 3 uzokoma ozokoma uzokoma awuzukoma ongezukoma ungezukoma
    class 4 izokoma ezokoma izokoma ayizukoma engezukoma ingezukoma
    class 5 lizokoma elizokoma lizokoma alizukoma elingezukoma lingezukoma
    class 6 azokoma azokoma ezokoma awazukoma angezukoma engezukoma
    class 7 sizokoma esizokoma sizokoma asizukoma esingezukoma singezukoma
    class 8 zizokoma ezizokoma zizokoma azizukoma ezingezukoma zingezukoma
    class 9 izokoma ezokoma izokoma ayizukoma engezukoma ingezukoma
    class 10 zizokoma ezizokoma zizokoma azizukoma ezingezukoma zingezukoma
    class 11 luzokoma oluzokoma luzokoma aluzukoma olungezukoma lungezukoma
    class 14 buzokoma obuzokoma buzokoma abuzukoma obungezukoma bungezukoma
    class 15 kuzokoma okuzokoma kuzokoma akuzukoma okungezukoma kungezukoma
    class 17 kuzokoma okuzokoma kuzokoma akuzukoma okungezukoma kungezukoma
    remote future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyokoma engiyokoma ngiyokoma angiyukoma engingeyukoma ngingeyukoma
    2nd singular uyokoma oyokoma uyokoma awuyukoma ongeyukoma ungeyukoma
    1st plural siyokoma esiyokoma siyokoma asiyukoma esingeyukoma singeyukoma
    2nd plural niyokoma eniyokoma niyokoma aniyukoma eningeyukoma ningeyukoma
    class 1 uyokoma oyokoma eyokoma akayukoma ongeyukoma engeyukoma
    class 2 bayokoma abayokoma beyokoma abayukoma abangeyukoma bengeyukoma
    class 3 uyokoma oyokoma uyokoma awuyukoma ongeyukoma ungeyukoma
    class 4 iyokoma eyokoma iyokoma ayiyukoma engeyukoma ingeyukoma
    class 5 liyokoma eliyokoma liyokoma aliyukoma elingeyukoma lingeyukoma
    class 6 ayokoma ayokoma eyokoma awayukoma angeyukoma engeyukoma
    class 7 siyokoma esiyokoma siyokoma asiyukoma esingeyukoma singeyukoma
    class 8 ziyokoma eziyokoma ziyokoma aziyukoma ezingeyukoma zingeyukoma
    class 9 iyokoma eyokoma iyokoma ayiyukoma engeyukoma ingeyukoma
    class 10 ziyokoma eziyokoma ziyokoma aziyukoma ezingeyukoma zingeyukoma
    class 11 luyokoma oluyokoma luyokoma aluyukoma olungeyukoma lungeyukoma
    class 14 buyokoma obuyokoma buyokoma abuyukoma obungeyukoma bungeyukoma
    class 15 kuyokoma okuyokoma kuyokoma akuyukoma okungeyukoma kungeyukoma
    class 17 kuyokoma okuyokoma kuyokoma akuyukoma okungeyukoma kungeyukoma
    present subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngome ngingomi
    2nd singular wome ungomi
    1st plural some singomi
    2nd plural nome ningomi
    class 1 ome angomi
    class 2 bome bangomi
    class 3 wome ungomi
    class 4 yome ingomi
    class 5 lome lingomi
    class 6 ome angomi
    class 7 some singomi
    class 8 zome zingomi
    class 9 yome ingomi
    class 10 zome zingomi
    class 11 lome lungomi
    class 14 bome bungomi
    class 15 kome kungomi
    class 17 kome kungomi
    past subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngoma ngangoma, angoma, angangoma
    2nd singular woma wangoma, awoma, awangoma
    1st plural soma sangoma, asoma, asangoma
    2nd plural noma nangoma, anoma, anangoma
    class 1 woma wangoma, akoma, akangoma
    class 2 boma bangoma, aboma, abangoma
    class 3 woma wangoma, awoma, awangoma
    class 4 yoma yangoma, ayoma, ayangoma
    class 5 loma langoma, aloma, alangoma
    class 6 oma angoma, awoma, awangoma
    class 7 soma sangoma, asoma, asangoma
    class 8 zoma zangoma, azoma, azangoma
    class 9 yoma yangoma, ayoma, ayangoma
    class 10 zoma zangoma, azoma, azangoma
    class 11 loma lwangoma, aloma, alwangoma
    class 14 boma bangoma, aboma, abangoma
    class 15 koma kwangoma, akoma, akwangoma
    class 17 koma kwangoma, akoma, akwangoma

    References