misceo

From Proto-Italic *mi(k)skō (“to mix”), from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé-, inchoative present of *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). The second conjugation of this verb is unexplained. It is possible that the original third-conjugation form of the verb is continued by Praenestine misc. The u-perfect of this verb is also unusual; it may have replaced an earlier form *misxī.

Cognate with Old High German miskian, miskan (“to mix”) (German mischen), Welsh mysgu (“to mix”), Ancient Greek μῐ́σγω (mĭ́sgō, “to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсити (měsiti, “to mix”), Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”), Sanskrit मिश्र (miśra, “mixed”), Persian آمیختن (âmixtan, “mix”); Old English māsc (“mixture, mash”). More at mash.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmɪs.ke.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmiʃ.ʃe.o]

misceō (present infinitive miscēre, perfect active miscuī, supine mixtum or mistum); second conjugation

1. to mix; to mingle; to intermingle

   Synonyms: commisceō, cōnfundō

   Pōculum complēvit et hausit. Aquam et vīnum miscuit. Collāpsus est. ― He filled and drew a cup. He mixed water and wine. He sank down.

2. to unite; to combine; to share; to associate
   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.14.13:

     Rīsus dolōre miscēbitur, et extrēma gaudiī lūctus occupat

     Laughter shall be mingled with sorrow, and mourning taketh hold of the end of joy.
     (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

3. (poetic) of a disturbance of the natural order, as a storm: to disturb, to throw into confusion, to confuse, confound, embroil
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.133–134:

     “Iam caelum terramque meō sine nūmine, ventī,
     miscēre, et tantās audētis tollere mōlēs?”

     “Now heaven and earth – without my divine assent, you winds! – you dare to disturb, and raise such swells [of seawater]?”
     (Neptune upbraids the winds.)

4. to throw into confusion; to disturb; to confound; to embroil
5. to raise a great commotion; to make a large disturbance; to move heaven and earth

• The fourth principal part may be mixtum or mistum.

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

• “misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “misceo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to cause universal disorder: omnia turbare ac miscere
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 535
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 382-383
• misceo, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “misceō”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[2] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, pages 406-407
• Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “misceō”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 95-96