consterno

consterno

See also: consternó

Catalan

Verb

consterno

  1. first-person singular present indicative of consternar

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin cōn-
Latin sternō
Latin cōnsternō

    From cōn- + sternō.

    Verb

    cōnsternō (present infinitive cōnsternere, perfect active cōnstrāvī, supine cōnstrātum); third conjugation

    1. to strew over, bestrew, cover by strewing, spread, bespread; cover, thatch
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.443–444:
        [...] it strīdor, et altae / cōnsternunt terram concussō stīpite frondēs; [...].
        [The wind and the oak tree:] the blowing [wind] shrieks, and as the trunk shudders, the lofty leaves strew down upon the ground; [...].
    Conjugation
       Conjugation of cōnsternō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present cōnsternō cōnsternis cōnsternit cōnsternimus cōnsternitis cōnsternunt
    imperfect cōnsternēbam cōnsternēbās cōnsternēbat cōnsternēbāmus cōnsternēbātis cōnsternēbant
    future cōnsternam cōnsternēs cōnsternet cōnsternēmus cōnsternētis cōnsternent
    perfect cōnstrāvī cōnstrāvistī cōnstrāvit cōnstrāvimus cōnstrāvistis cōnstrāvērunt,
    cōnstrāvēre
    pluperfect cōnstrāveram cōnstrāverās cōnstrāverat cōnstrāverāmus cōnstrāverātis cōnstrāverant
    future perfect cōnstrāverō cōnstrāveris cōnstrāverit cōnstrāverimus cōnstrāveritis cōnstrāverint
    passive present cōnsternor cōnsterneris,
    cōnsternere     		cōnsternitur cōnsternimur cōnsterniminī cōnsternuntur
    imperfect cōnsternēbar cōnsternēbāris,
    cōnsternēbāre     		cōnsternēbātur cōnsternēbāmur cōnsternēbāminī cōnsternēbantur
    future cōnsternar cōnsternēris,
    cōnsternēre     		cōnsternētur cōnsternēmur cōnsternēminī cōnsternentur
    perfect cōnstrātus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect cōnstrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect cōnstrātus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present cōnsternam cōnsternās cōnsternat cōnsternāmus cōnsternātis cōnsternant
    imperfect cōnsternerem cōnsternerēs cōnsterneret cōnsternerēmus cōnsternerētis cōnsternerent
    perfect cōnstrāverim cōnstrāverīs cōnstrāverit cōnstrāverīmus cōnstrāverītis cōnstrāverint
    pluperfect cōnstrāvissem cōnstrāvissēs cōnstrāvisset cōnstrāvissēmus cōnstrāvissētis cōnstrāvissent
    passive present cōnsternar cōnsternāris,
    cōnsternāre     		cōnsternātur cōnsternāmur cōnsternāminī cōnsternantur
    imperfect cōnsternerer cōnsternerēris,
    cōnsternerēre     		cōnsternerētur cōnsternerēmur cōnsternerēminī cōnsternerentur
    perfect cōnstrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect cōnstrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — cōnsterne — — cōnsternite —
    future — cōnsternitō cōnsternitō — cōnsternitōte cōnsternuntō
    passive present — cōnsternere — — cōnsterniminī —
    future — cōnsternitor cōnsternitor — — cōnsternuntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present cōnsternere cōnsternī cōnsternēns —
    future cōnstrātūrum esse cōnstrātum īrī cōnstrātūrus cōnsternendus,
    cōnsternundus
    perfect cōnstrāvisse cōnstrātum esse — cōnstrātus
    future perfect — cōnstrātum fore — —
    perfect potential cōnstrātūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    cōnsternendī cōnsternendō cōnsternendum cōnsternendō cōnstrātum cōnstrātū

    Etymology 2

    Same prefix and root as above; derivation of the ending is disputed.[1] Can be interpreted as con- +‎ sternō +‎ -ō (compound verb suffix). Can alternatively be explained as a durative.

    Verb

    cōnsternō (present infinitive cōnsternāre, perfect active cōnsternāvī, supine cōnsternātum); first conjugation

    1. to alarm, shock, startle, terrify, throw into confusion
      Synonyms: perterreō, terreō, exterreō, conterreō, absterreō, deterreō, exciō
    Conjugation
       Conjugation of cōnsternō (first conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present cōnsternō cōnsternās cōnsternat cōnsternāmus cōnsternātis cōnsternant
    imperfect cōnsternābam cōnsternābās cōnsternābat cōnsternābāmus cōnsternābātis cōnsternābant
    future cōnsternābō cōnsternābis cōnsternābit cōnsternābimus cōnsternābitis cōnsternābunt
    perfect cōnsternāvī cōnsternāvistī cōnsternāvit cōnsternāvimus cōnsternāvistis cōnsternāvērunt,
    cōnsternāvēre
    pluperfect cōnsternāveram cōnsternāverās cōnsternāverat cōnsternāverāmus cōnsternāverātis cōnsternāverant
    future perfect cōnsternāverō cōnsternāveris cōnsternāverit cōnsternāverimus cōnsternāveritis cōnsternāverint
    passive present cōnsternor cōnsternāris,
    cōnsternāre     		cōnsternātur cōnsternāmur cōnsternāminī cōnsternantur
    imperfect cōnsternābar cōnsternābāris,
    cōnsternābāre     		cōnsternābātur cōnsternābāmur cōnsternābāminī cōnsternābantur
    future cōnsternābor cōnsternāberis,
    cōnsternābere     		cōnsternābitur cōnsternābimur cōnsternābiminī cōnsternābuntur
    perfect cōnsternātus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect cōnsternātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect cōnsternātus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present cōnsternem cōnsternēs cōnsternet cōnsternēmus cōnsternētis cōnsternent
    imperfect cōnsternārem cōnsternārēs cōnsternāret cōnsternārēmus cōnsternārētis cōnsternārent
    perfect cōnsternāverim cōnsternāverīs cōnsternāverit cōnsternāverīmus cōnsternāverītis cōnsternāverint
    pluperfect cōnsternāvissem cōnsternāvissēs cōnsternāvisset cōnsternāvissēmus cōnsternāvissētis cōnsternāvissent
    passive present cōnsterner cōnsternēris,
    cōnsternēre     		cōnsternētur cōnsternēmur cōnsternēminī cōnsternentur
    imperfect cōnsternārer cōnsternārēris,
    cōnsternārēre     		cōnsternārētur cōnsternārēmur cōnsternārēminī cōnsternārentur
    perfect cōnsternātus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect cōnsternātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — cōnsternā — — cōnsternāte —
    future — cōnsternātō cōnsternātō — cōnsternātōte cōnsternantō
    passive present — cōnsternāre — — cōnsternāminī —
    future — cōnsternātor cōnsternātor — — cōnsternantor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present cōnsternāre cōnsternārī cōnsternāns —
    future cōnsternātūrum esse cōnsternātum īrī cōnsternātūrus cōnsternandus
    perfect cōnsternāvisse cōnsternātum esse — cōnsternātus
    future perfect — cōnsternātum fore — —
    perfect potential cōnsternātūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    cōnsternandī cōnsternandō cōnsternandum cōnsternandō cōnsternātum cōnsternātū

    The perfect stem and perfect passive participle stem may alternatively be cōnstrāv- and cōnstrāt-, the same as for cōnsternere.[2]

    Descendants
    • Catalan: consternar
    • French: consterner
    • Galician: consternar
    • Italian: costernare
    • Portuguese: consternar
    • Spanish: consternar

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sternō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586
    2. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 409

    Further reading

    • “consterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “consterno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “consterno”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • the horses are panic-stricken, run away: equi consternantur

    Portuguese

    Verb

    consterno

    1. first-person singular present indicative of consternar

    Spanish

    Verb

    consterno

    1. first-person singular present indicative of consternar
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