bona

bona

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bona"

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Sabir bona (good), from Italian buono (good),[en 1] from Latin bonus (good), from Old Latin duenos (good), from Proto-Italic *dwenos (good). Doublet of bonus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbəʊnə/
  • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • Rhymes: -əʊnə
  • Homophone: boner (non-rhotic)

Adjective

bona (comparative more bona, superlative most bona)

  1. (Polari) Good.
    • 1966, Kenneth Horne, Bona Tattoos (Round the Horne), season 2, spoken by Julian and Sandy (Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams):
      SANDY: Oh, get him! The vanity of the man. Well, p'raps not Nelson then. How about reproductions of great masterpieces?
      JULIAN: A bona idea. Now, let me see...
    • 1997, James Gardiner, Who's a Pretty Boy Then?, page 137:
      Will you take a varder at the cartz on the feely-omi in the naf strides: the one with the bona blue ogles polarying the omi-palone with a vogue on and a cod sheitel.
    • 1997, Ian Lucas, “The Color of His Eyes: Polari and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence”, in Anna Livia, Kira Hall, editors, Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality, page 90:
      Bona to vada you.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Adverb

bona (comparative more bona, superlative most bona)

  1. (Polari) Well.

See also

References

  1. ^ Baker, Paul (2004), Fantabulosa: A Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 71

Anagrams

Asturian

Adjective

bona

  1. feminine singular of bonu

Catalan

Pronunciation

Adjective

bona f

  1. feminine singular of bo

Esperanto

Etymology

    Common Romance, ultimately from Latin bonus.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈbona/
    • Audio 1:(file)
    • Audio 2:(file)
    • Audio 3:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ona
    • Syllabification: bo‧na

    Adjective

    bona (accusative singular bonan, plural bonaj, accusative plural bonajn)

    1. good
      Antonym: malbona
      • 1910, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro Esperanta[1]:
        Mensoganto devas havi bonan memoron.
        A liar has to have a good memory.

    Further reading

    Fanagalo

    Etymology

    From Zulu -bona, from Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    bona

    1. to see

    Ido

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Esperanto bonaFrench bonItalian buonoSpanish bueno, ultimately from Latin bonus.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈbona/

    Adjective

    bona

    1. good
      Antonym: mala

    Italian

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈbɔ.na/
    • Rhymes: -ɔna
    • Hyphenation: bò‧na

    Noun

    bona f (plural bone)

    1. female equivalent of bono

    Adjective

    bona f

    1. feminine singular of bono

    Anagrams

    Ladin

    Adjective

    bona f

    1. feminine singular of bon

    Lala (South Africa)

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    -bóna

    1. to see

    Latin

    Pronunciation

    Etymology 1

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Adjective

    bona

    1. inflection of bonus (good):
      1. nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular
      2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

    Adjective

    bonā

    1. ablative feminine singular of bonus

    Etymology 2

    Feminine of the noun bonus (a good man).

    Noun

    bona f (genitive bonae); first declension

    1. A good or brave woman.
    Declension

    First-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative bona bonae
    genitive bonae bonārum
    dative bonae bonīs
    accusative bonam bonās
    ablative bonā bonīs
    vocative bona bonae

    Etymology 3

    Inflection of the noun bonum.

    Noun

    bona n

    1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of bonum (a good thing)

    References

    • bona”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "bona", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • bona”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
      • (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
      • (ambiguous) to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre
      • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
      • (ambiguous) to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself): bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse
      • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
      • (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
      • (ambiguous) natural advantages: naturae bona
      • (ambiguous) to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere
      • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
      • (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
      • (ambiguous) to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164)
      • (ambiguous) to confiscate a person's property: bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54)
      • (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere
      • (ambiguous) allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
    • bona”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • bona”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

    Lenje

    Alternative forms

    • -ŵona

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-bóna (to see), potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *bhón- (to see).

    Verb

    -bona

    1. to see

    References

    • Bible Society of Zambia, Lenje Bible with Deutercanon, 2003 - Matalikilo 1:4, 1:10
    • Arthur Cornwallis Madan, M.A. (1908), Lenje Handbook: A Short Introduction to the Lenje Dialect Spoken in North-West Rhodesia[3], Oxford Clarendon Press, page 147

    Minangkabau

    Pronunciation

    • Audio:(file)

    Adjective

    bona

    1. (Payakumbuh) truth; right

    Adverb

    bona

    1. (Payakumbuh) very:
      rumahnyo godang bona
      his house is very big

    Neapolitan

    Adjective

    bona f sg

    1. feminine singular of buono

    Northern Ndebele

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

    boná

    1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

    boná

    1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 3

    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    -bóna

    1. to see
    Inflection

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Northern Sotho

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    bona

    1. to see

    Norwegian Nynorsk

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Low German bonen.

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /²buː.nɑ/

    Verb

    bona (present tense bonar, past tense bona, past participle bona, passive infinitive bonast, present participle bonande, imperative bona/bon)

    1. to wax or polish a floor
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈbuː.nɑ/

    Noun

    bona n

    1. (dialectal) definite plural of bån

    Etymology 3

    From Old Norse búnaðr.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /²buː.nɑ/

    Noun

    bona m

    1. (dialectal) pronunciation spelling of bunad

    References

    Anagrams

    Nyole (Uganda)

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    -bona (infinitive ohubona)

    1. to see

    Derived terms

    • -bona birimerimbwe (to see dimly or poorly)
    • -bona ohwomu hida (to scan (read from a computerised device))
    • -bonamo (to see privately with an intention to pay a bribe)
    • -bonana (to see each other)
    • -bonia (to make visible, to look at someone in a loving way)

    References

    • Diprose, Martin; Musimami, Sylvester N. M. (2012), Lunyole–English Dictionary[4], SIL International

    Old English

    Noun

    bona m

    1. alternative form of bana

    Old High German

    Etymology

      From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō, whence also Old Saxon bōna, Old English bēan, Old Norse baun.

      Noun

      bōna f

      1. (botany) A bean

      Declension

      Declension of bōna (ō-stem)
      case singular plural
      nominative bōna bōnā
      accusative bōna bōnā
      genitive bōna bōnōno
      dative bōnu bōnōm
      Declension of bōna (feminine n-stem)
      case singular plural
      nominative bōna bōnūn
      accusative bōnūn bōnūn
      genitive bōnūn bōnōno
      dative bōnūn bōnōm, bōnōn
      • bōnbrī

      Descendants

      • Middle High German: bōne, pōn
        • Alemannic German: Bone
        • Central Franconian: Bunn
        • East Central German: Bunn
        • German: Bohne
        • Rhine Franconian: Bohn
          • Frankfurterisch: [b̥õːn]
          • Pennsylvania German: Bohn, Buhn

      References

      Old Irish

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈbo.na/

      Noun

      bona

      1. genitive singular of bun

      Mutation

      Mutation of bona
      radical lenition nasalization
      bona bona
      pronounced with /β-/
      mbona

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      Old Occitan

      Adjective

      bona f

      1. feminine singular of bon

      Old Saxon

      Etymology

      From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, see also Old English bēan, Old Frisian bāne, Old High German bōna, Old Norse baun.

      Noun

      bōna f

      1. (botany) A bean

      Descendants

      • Middle Low German: bône
        • German Low German: Bohn
          Plautdietsch: Boon

      Oromo

      Noun

      bona

      1. winter

      Phuthi

      Etymology 1

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 3

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      -bóna

      1. to see
      Inflection

      This verb needs an inflection-table template.

      Rwanda-Rundi

      Etymology

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      -bóna (infinitive kubóna, perfective -bônye)

      1. to see
      2. to find, get

      Serbo-Croatian

      Interjection

      bóna (Cyrillic spelling бо́на)

      1. (Bosnia, informal) a way of addressing a familiar female
        Alo, bona. Šta radiš?Hey. What are you doing?

      See also

      References

      • bona”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

      Sotho

      Etymology

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      bona

      1. to see

      Southern Ndebele

      Etymology 1

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      -bôna

      1. to see
      Inflection

      This verb needs an inflection-table template.

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 3

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

      Spanish

      Adjective

      bona f

      1. feminine singular of bono

      Swazi

      Etymology 1

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 3

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      -bóna

      1. to see
      Inflection

      This verb needs an inflection-table template.

      References

      • Claudia W. Corum (1980), Siswati Special Skills Handbook[6], Peace Corps, page 54

      Swedish

      Etymology 1

      Noun

      bona

      1. definite plural of bo

      Etymology 2

      From Middle Low German bônen, from Old Saxon *bōnōn, from Proto-West Germanic *bōnōn. Cognate with Dutch boenen, German bohnern.

      Verb

      bona (present bonar, preterite bonade, supine bonat, imperative bona)

      1. to wax or polish a floor
        en hvirflande vals på slottssalens bonade och försåtligt hala parkettgolf.
        a whirling walz on the waxed and treacherously slippery parquet floor of the castle hall
      2. (rare or archaic) to equip, to decorate, to dress, to wrap (see also ombona)
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of bona (weak)
      active passive
      infinitive bona bonas
      supine bonat bonats
      imperative bona
      imper. plural1 bonen
      present past present past
      indicative bonar bonade bonas bonades
      ind. plural1 bona bonade bonas bonades
      subjunctive2 bone bonade bones bonades
      present participle bonande
      past participle bonad

      1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

      See also

      References

      • bona”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

      Anagrams

      Tooro

      Etymology

      Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /βóna/

      Verb

      -bona (infinitive okubona) (transitive)

      1. (rare) to see, to look
        Synonym: -rora
      2. (often troubles or hardships) to experience something

      Usage notes

      This verb supports at least two perfective stems: -boine and -baine; the former is more widely used.

      Conjugation

      With -boine:

      Conjugation of -bona
      infinitives
      affirmative okubona
      negative okutabona
      imperatives
      affirmative bona
      negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
      tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
      present habitual affirmative
      subject concord + -bona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbona tubona
      second person obona mubona
      third person 1/2 abona babona
      3/4 gubona ebona
      5/6 libona gabona
      7/8 kibona bibona
      9/10 ebona zibona
      11/10 rubona
      12/14 kabona bubona
      13 tubona
      14/6 bubona gabona
      15/6 kubona
      16 habona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -bona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person timbona titubona
      second person tobona timubona
      third person 1/2 tabona tibabona
      3/4 tigubona tebona
      5/6 tiribona tigabona
      7/8 tikibona tibibona
      9/10 tebona tizibona
      11/10 tirubona
      12/14 tikabona tibubona
      13 titubona
      14/6 tibubona tigabona
      15/6 tikubona
      16 tihabona
      subject concord + -tabona
      present continuous affirmative
      ni- + subject concord + -bona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nimbona nitubona
      second person noobona nimubona
      third person 1/2 naabona nibabona
      3/4 nigubona neebona
      5/6 niribona nigabona
      7/8 nikibona nibibona
      9/10 neebona nizibona
      11/10 nirubona
      12/14 nikabona nibubona
      13 nitubona
      14/6 nibubona nigabona
      15/6 nikubona
      16 nihabona
      subject concord + -rukubona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -rukubona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tindukubona titurukubona
      second person torukubona timurukubona
      third person 1/2 tarukubona tibarukubona
      3/4 tigurukubona terukubona
      5/6 tirirukubona tigarukubona
      7/8 tikirukubona tibirukubona
      9/10 terukubona tizirukubona
      11/10 tirurukubona
      12/14 tikarukubona tiburukubona
      13 titurukubona
      14/6 tiburukubona tigarukubona
      15/6 tikurukubona
      16 tiharukubona
      subject concord + -tarukubona
      present continuative affirmative
      ni- + subject concord + -kyabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ninkyabona nitukyabona
      second person nookyabona nimukyabona
      third person 1/2 naakyabona nibakyabona
      3/4 nigukyabona neekyabona
      5/6 nirikyabona nigakyabona
      7/8 nikikyabona nibikyabona
      9/10 neekyabona nizikyabona
      11/10 nirukyabona
      12/14 nikakyabona nibukyabona
      13 nitukyabona
      14/6 nibukyabona nigakyabona
      15/6 nikukyabona
      16 nihakyabona
      subject concord + -rukukyabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -kyabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinkyabona titukyabona
      second person tokyabona timukyabona
      third person 1/2 takyabona tibakyabona
      3/4 tigukyabona tekyabona
      5/6 tirikyabona tigakyabona
      7/8 tikikyabona tibikyabona
      9/10 tekyabona tizikyabona
      11/10 tirukyabona
      12/14 tikakyabona tibukyabona
      13 titukyabona
      14/6 tibukyabona tigakyabona
      15/6 tikukyabona
      16 tihakyabona
      subject concord + -takyabona
      virtual present affirmative
      subject concord + -abona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nabona twabona
      second person wabona mwabona
      third person 1/2 yabona baabona
      3/4 gwabona yabona
      5/6 lyabona gaabona
      7/8 kyabona byabona
      9/10 yabona zaabona
      11/10 rwabona
      12/14 kaabona bwabona
      13 twabona
      14/6 bwabona gaabona
      15/6 kwabona
      16 haabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + abona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinabona titwabona
      second person tiwabona timwabona
      third person 1/2 tiyabona tibaabona
      3/4 tigwabona tiyabona
      5/6 tiryabona tigaabona
      7/8 tikyabona tibyabona
      9/10 tiyabona tizaabona
      11/10 tirwabona
      12/14 tikaabona tibwabona
      13 titwabona
      14/6 tibwabona tigaabona
      15/6 tikwabona
      16 tihaabona
      subject concord + -taabona
      present perfect affirmative
      subject concord + -boine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mboine tuboine
      second person oboine muboine
      third person 1/2 aboine baboine
      3/4 guboine eboine
      5/6 liboine gaboine
      7/8 kiboine biboine
      9/10 eboine ziboine
      11/10 ruboine
      12/14 kaboine buboine
      13 tuboine
      14/6 buboine gaboine
      15/6 kuboine
      16 haboine
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -boine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person timboine tituboine
      second person toboine timuboine
      third person 1/2 taboine tibaboine
      3/4 tiguboine teboine
      5/6 tiriboine tigaboine
      7/8 tikiboine tibiboine
      9/10 teboine tiziboine
      11/10 tiruboine
      12/14 tikaboine tibuboine
      13 tituboine
      14/6 tibuboine tigaboine
      15/6 tikuboine
      16 tihaboine
      subject concord + -taboine
      near perfective affirmative
      subject concord + -akabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nakabona twakabona
      second person wakabona mwakabona
      third person 1/2 yakabona baakabona
      3/4 gwakabona yakabona
      5/6 lyakabona gaakabona
      7/8 kyakabona byakabona
      9/10 yakabona zaakabona
      11/10 rwakabona
      12/14 kaakabona bwakabona
      13 twakabona
      14/6 bwakabona gaakabona
      15/6 kwakabona
      16 haakabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -kaboine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinkaboine titukaboine
      second person tokaboine timukaboine
      third person 1/2 takaboine tibakaboine
      3/4 tigukaboine tekaboine
      5/6 tirikaboine tigakaboine
      7/8 tikikaboine tibikaboine
      9/10 tekaboine tizikaboine
      11/10 tirukaboine
      12/14 tikakaboine tibukaboine
      13 titukaboine
      14/6 tibukaboine tigakaboine
      15/6 tikukaboine
      16 tihakaboine
      subject concord + -takaboine
      near past affirmative
      subject concord + -boinege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mboinege tuboinege
      second person oboinege muboinege
      third person 1/2 aboinege baboinege
      3/4 guboinege eboinege
      5/6 liboinege gaboinege
      7/8 kiboinege biboinege
      9/10 eboinege ziboinege
      11/10 ruboinege
      12/14 kaboinege buboinege
      13 tuboinege
      14/6 buboinege gaboinege
      15/6 kuboinege
      16 haboinege
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -boinege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person timboinege tituboinege
      second person toboinege timuboinege
      third person 1/2 taboinege tibaboinege
      3/4 tiguboinege teboinege
      5/6 tiriboinege tigaboinege
      7/8 tikiboinege tibiboinege
      9/10 teboinege tiziboinege
      11/10 tiruboinege
      12/14 tikaboinege tibuboinege
      13 tituboinege
      14/6 tibuboinege tigaboinege
      15/6 tikuboinege
      16 tihaboinege
      subject concord + -taboinege
      remote past affirmative
      subject concord + -kabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nkabona tukabona
      second person okabona mukabona
      third person 1/2 akabona bakabona
      3/4 gukabona ekabona
      5/6 likabona gakabona
      7/8 kikabona bikabona
      9/10 ekabona zikabona
      11/10 rukabona
      12/14 kakabona bukabona
      13 tukabona
      14/6 bukabona gakabona
      15/6 kukabona
      16 hakabona
      subject concord + -aboine
      negative
      subject concord + -tabone
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ntabone tutabone
      second person otabone mutabone
      third person 1/2 atabone batabone
      3/4 gutabone etabone
      5/6 litabone gatabone
      7/8 kitabone bitabone
      9/10 etabone ziitabone
      11/10 rutabone
      12/14 katabone butabone
      13 tutabone
      14/6 butabone gatabone
      15/6 kutabone
      16 hatabone
      subject concord + -taraboine
      experiential perfective affirmative
      subject concord + -raboine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndaboine turaboine
      second person oraboine muraboine
      third person 1/2 araboine baraboine
      3/4 guraboine eraboine
      5/6 liraboine garaboine
      7/8 kiraboine biraboine
      9/10 eraboine ziraboine
      11/10 ruraboine
      12/14 karaboine buraboine
      13 turaboine
      14/6 buraboine garaboine
      15/6 kuraboine
      16 haraboine
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -kabonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinkabonaga titukabonaga
      second person tokabonaga timukabonaga
      third person 1/2 takabonaga tibakabonaga
      3/4 tigukabonaga tekabonaga
      5/6 tirikabonaga tigakabonaga
      7/8 tikikabonaga tibikabonaga
      9/10 tekabonaga tizikabonaga
      11/10 tirukabonaga
      12/14 tikakabonaga tibukabonaga
      13 titukabonaga
      14/6 tibukabonaga tigakabonaga
      15/6 tikukabonaga
      16 tihakabonaga
      subject concord + -takabonaga
      cessative perfective affirmative
      subject concord + -aaboine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person naaboine twaboine
      second person waaboine mwaboine
      third person 1/2 yaaboine baaboine
      3/4 gwaboine yaaboine
      5/6 lyaboine gaaboine
      7/8 kyaboine byaboine
      9/10 yaaboine zaaboine
      11/10 rwaboine
      12/14 kaaboine bwaboine
      13 twaboine
      14/6 bwaboine gaaboine
      15/6 kwaboine
      16 haaboine
      past habitual affirmative
      subject concord + -abonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nabonaga twabonaga
      second person wabonaga mwabonaga
      third person 1/2 yabonaga baabonaga
      3/4 gwabonaga yabonaga
      5/6 lyabonaga gaabonaga
      7/8 kyabonaga byabonaga
      9/10 yabonaga zaabonaga
      11/10 rwabonaga
      12/14 kaabonaga bwabonaga
      13 twabonaga
      14/6 bwabonaga gaabonaga
      15/6 kwabonaga
      16 haabonaga
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + abonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinabonaga titwabonaga
      second person tiwabonaga timwabonaga
      third person 1/2 tiyabonaga tibaabonaga
      3/4 tigwabonaga tiyabonaga
      5/6 tiryabonaga tigaabonaga
      7/8 tikyabonaga tibyabonaga
      9/10 tiyabonaga tizaabonaga
      11/10 tirwabonaga
      12/14 tikaabonaga tibwabonaga
      13 titwabonaga
      14/6 tibwabonaga tigaabonaga
      15/6 tikwabonaga
      16 tihaabonaga
      subject concord + -taabonaga
      near future affirmative
      subject concord + -raabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndaabona turaabona
      second person oraabona muraabona
      third person 1/2 araabona baraabona
      3/4 guraabona eraabona
      5/6 liraabona garaabona
      7/8 kiraabona biraabona
      9/10 eraabona ziraabona
      11/10 ruraabona
      12/14 karaabona buraabona
      13 turaabona
      14/6 buraabona garaabona
      15/6 kuraabona
      16 haraabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aabone
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaabone titwabone
      second person tiwaabone timwabone
      third person 1/2 tiyaabone tibaabone
      3/4 tigwabone tiyaabone
      5/6 tiryabone tigaabone
      7/8 tikyabone tibyabone
      9/10 tiyaabone tizaabone
      11/10 tirwabone
      12/14 tikaabone tibwabone
      13 titwabone
      14/6 tibwabone tigaabone
      15/6 tikwabone
      16 tihaabone
      subject concord + -taabone
      remote future affirmative
      subject concord + -libona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndibona tulibona
      second person olibona mulibona
      third person 1/2 alibona balibona
      3/4 gulibona eribona
      5/6 liribona galibona
      7/8 kiribona biribona
      9/10 eribona ziribona
      11/10 rulibona
      12/14 kalibona bulibona
      13 tulibona
      14/6 bulibona galibona
      15/6 kulibona
      16 halibona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -libona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tindibona titulibona
      second person tolibona timulibona
      third person 1/2 talibona tibalibona
      3/4 tigulibona teribona
      5/6 tiriribona tigalibona
      7/8 tikiribona tibiribona
      9/10 teribona tiziribona
      11/10 tirulibona
      12/14 tikalibona tibulibona
      13 titulibona
      14/6 tibulibona tigalibona
      15/6 tikulibona
      16 tihalibona
      subject concord + -talibona
      future habitual affirmative
      subject concord + -raabonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndaabonaga turaabonaga
      second person oraabonaga muraabonaga
      third person 1/2 araabonaga baraabonaga
      3/4 guraabonaga eraabonaga
      5/6 liraabonaga garaabonaga
      7/8 kiraabonaga biraabonaga
      9/10 eraabonaga ziraabonaga
      11/10 ruraabonaga
      12/14 karaabonaga buraabonaga
      13 turaabonaga
      14/6 buraabonaga garaabonaga
      15/6 kuraabonaga
      16 haraabonaga
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aabonege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaabonege titwabonege
      second person tiwaabonege timwabonege
      third person 1/2 tiyaabonege tibaabonege
      3/4 tigwabonege tiyaabonege
      5/6 tiryabonege tigaabonege
      7/8 tikyabonege tibyabonege
      9/10 tiyaabonege tizaabonege
      11/10 tirwabonege
      12/14 tikaabonege tibwabonege
      13 titwabonege
      14/6 tibwabonege tigaabonege
      15/6 tikwabonege
      16 tihaabonege
      subject concord + -taabonege
      subjunctive affirmative
      subject concord + bone
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbone tubone
      second person obone mubone
      third person 1/2 abone babone
      3/4 gubone ebone
      5/6 libone gabone
      7/8 kibone bibone
      9/10 ebone zibone
      11/10 rubone
      12/14 kabone bubone
      13 tubone
      14/6 bubone gabone
      15/6 kubone
      16 habone
      negative
      subject concord + -tabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ntabona tutabona
      second person otabona mutabona
      third person 1/2 atabona batabona
      3/4 gutabona etabona
      5/6 litabona gatabona
      7/8 kitabona bitabona
      9/10 etabona zitabona
      11/10 rutabona
      12/14 katabona butabona
      13 tutabona
      14/6 butabona gatabona
      15/6 kutabona
      16 hatabona
      subjunctive habitual affirmative
      subject concord + bonege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbonege tubonege
      second person obonege mubonege
      third person 1/2 abonege babonege
      3/4 gubonege ebonege
      5/6 libonege gabonege
      7/8 kibonege bibonege
      9/10 ebonege zibonege
      11/10 rubonege
      12/14 kabonege bubonege
      13 tubonege
      14/6 bubonege gabonege
      15/6 kubonege
      16 habonege
      hypothetical affirmative
      subject concord + -aakubona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person naakubona twakubona
      second person waakubona mwakubona
      third person 1/2 yaakubona baakubona
      3/4 gwakubona yaakubona
      5/6 lyakubona gaakubona
      7/8 kyakubona byakubona
      9/10 yaakubona zaakubona
      11/10 rwakubona
      12/14 kaakubona bwakubona
      13 twakubona
      14/6 bwakubona gaakubona
      15/6 kwakubona
      16 haakubona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aakubona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaakubona titwakubona
      second person tiwaakubona timwakubona
      third person 1/2 tiyaakubona tibaakubona
      3/4 tigwakubona tiyaakubona
      5/6 tiryakubona tigaakubona
      7/8 tikyakubona tibyakubona
      9/10 tiyaakubona tizaakubona
      11/10 tirwakubona
      12/14 tikaakubona tibwakubona
      13 titwakubona
      14/6 tibwakubona tigaakubona
      15/6 tikwakubona
      16 tihaakubona
      subject concord + -taakubona
      conditional affirmative
      subject concord + -aakuboine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person naakuboine twakuboine
      second person waakuboine mwakuboine
      third person 1/2 yaakuboine baakuboine
      3/4 gwakuboine yaakuboine
      5/6 lyakuboine gaakuboine
      7/8 kyakuboine byakuboine
      9/10 yaakuboine zaakuboine
      11/10 rwakuboine
      12/14 kaakuboine bwakuboine
      13 twakuboine
      14/6 bwakuboine gaakuboine
      15/6 kwakuboine
      16 haakuboine
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aakuboine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaakuboine titwakuboine
      second person tiwaakuboine timwakuboine
      third person 1/2 tiyaakuboine tibaakuboine
      3/4 tigwakuboine tiyaakuboine
      5/6 tiryakuboine tigaakuboine
      7/8 tikyakuboine tibyakuboine
      9/10 tiyaakuboine tizaakuboine
      11/10 tirwakuboine
      12/14 tikaakuboine tibwakuboine
      13 titwakuboine
      14/6 tibwakuboine tigaakuboine
      15/6 tikwakuboine
      16 tihaakuboine
      subject concord + -taakuboine
      object concords
      person noun class singular plural
      first person -mbona -tubona
      second person -kubona -babona
      third person 1/2 -mubona
      3/4 -gubona -gibona
      5/6 -libona -gabona
      7/8 -kibona -bibona
      9/10 -gibona -zibona
      11/10 -rubona
      12/14 -kabona -bubona
      13 -tubona
      14/6 -bubona -gabona
      15/6 -kubona
      16 -habona

      1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

      With -baine:

      Conjugation of -bona
      infinitives
      affirmative okubona
      negative okutabona
      imperatives
      affirmative bona
      negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
      tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
      present habitual affirmative
      subject concord + -bona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbona tubona
      second person obona mubona
      third person 1/2 abona babona
      3/4 gubona ebona
      5/6 libona gabona
      7/8 kibona bibona
      9/10 ebona zibona
      11/10 rubona
      12/14 kabona bubona
      13 tubona
      14/6 bubona gabona
      15/6 kubona
      16 habona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -bona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person timbona titubona
      second person tobona timubona
      third person 1/2 tabona tibabona
      3/4 tigubona tebona
      5/6 tiribona tigabona
      7/8 tikibona tibibona
      9/10 tebona tizibona
      11/10 tirubona
      12/14 tikabona tibubona
      13 titubona
      14/6 tibubona tigabona
      15/6 tikubona
      16 tihabona
      subject concord + -tabona
      present continuous affirmative
      ni- + subject concord + -bona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nimbona nitubona
      second person noobona nimubona
      third person 1/2 naabona nibabona
      3/4 nigubona neebona
      5/6 niribona nigabona
      7/8 nikibona nibibona
      9/10 neebona nizibona
      11/10 nirubona
      12/14 nikabona nibubona
      13 nitubona
      14/6 nibubona nigabona
      15/6 nikubona
      16 nihabona
      subject concord + -rukubona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -rukubona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tindukubona titurukubona
      second person torukubona timurukubona
      third person 1/2 tarukubona tibarukubona
      3/4 tigurukubona terukubona
      5/6 tirirukubona tigarukubona
      7/8 tikirukubona tibirukubona
      9/10 terukubona tizirukubona
      11/10 tirurukubona
      12/14 tikarukubona tiburukubona
      13 titurukubona
      14/6 tiburukubona tigarukubona
      15/6 tikurukubona
      16 tiharukubona
      subject concord + -tarukubona
      present continuative affirmative
      ni- + subject concord + -kyabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ninkyabona nitukyabona
      second person nookyabona nimukyabona
      third person 1/2 naakyabona nibakyabona
      3/4 nigukyabona neekyabona
      5/6 nirikyabona nigakyabona
      7/8 nikikyabona nibikyabona
      9/10 neekyabona nizikyabona
      11/10 nirukyabona
      12/14 nikakyabona nibukyabona
      13 nitukyabona
      14/6 nibukyabona nigakyabona
      15/6 nikukyabona
      16 nihakyabona
      subject concord + -rukukyabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -kyabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinkyabona titukyabona
      second person tokyabona timukyabona
      third person 1/2 takyabona tibakyabona
      3/4 tigukyabona tekyabona
      5/6 tirikyabona tigakyabona
      7/8 tikikyabona tibikyabona
      9/10 tekyabona tizikyabona
      11/10 tirukyabona
      12/14 tikakyabona tibukyabona
      13 titukyabona
      14/6 tibukyabona tigakyabona
      15/6 tikukyabona
      16 tihakyabona
      subject concord + -takyabona
      virtual present affirmative
      subject concord + -abona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nabona twabona
      second person wabona mwabona
      third person 1/2 yabona baabona
      3/4 gwabona yabona
      5/6 lyabona gaabona
      7/8 kyabona byabona
      9/10 yabona zaabona
      11/10 rwabona
      12/14 kaabona bwabona
      13 twabona
      14/6 bwabona gaabona
      15/6 kwabona
      16 haabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + abona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinabona titwabona
      second person tiwabona timwabona
      third person 1/2 tiyabona tibaabona
      3/4 tigwabona tiyabona
      5/6 tiryabona tigaabona
      7/8 tikyabona tibyabona
      9/10 tiyabona tizaabona
      11/10 tirwabona
      12/14 tikaabona tibwabona
      13 titwabona
      14/6 tibwabona tigaabona
      15/6 tikwabona
      16 tihaabona
      subject concord + -taabona
      present perfect affirmative
      subject concord + -baine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbaine tubaine
      second person obaine mubaine
      third person 1/2 abaine babaine
      3/4 gubaine ebaine
      5/6 libaine gabaine
      7/8 kibaine bibaine
      9/10 ebaine zibaine
      11/10 rubaine
      12/14 kabaine bubaine
      13 tubaine
      14/6 bubaine gabaine
      15/6 kubaine
      16 habaine
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -baine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person timbaine titubaine
      second person tobaine timubaine
      third person 1/2 tabaine tibabaine
      3/4 tigubaine tebaine
      5/6 tiribaine tigabaine
      7/8 tikibaine tibibaine
      9/10 tebaine tizibaine
      11/10 tirubaine
      12/14 tikabaine tibubaine
      13 titubaine
      14/6 tibubaine tigabaine
      15/6 tikubaine
      16 tihabaine
      subject concord + -tabaine
      near perfective affirmative
      subject concord + -akabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nakabona twakabona
      second person wakabona mwakabona
      third person 1/2 yakabona baakabona
      3/4 gwakabona yakabona
      5/6 lyakabona gaakabona
      7/8 kyakabona byakabona
      9/10 yakabona zaakabona
      11/10 rwakabona
      12/14 kaakabona bwakabona
      13 twakabona
      14/6 bwakabona gaakabona
      15/6 kwakabona
      16 haakabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -kabaine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinkabaine titukabaine
      second person tokabaine timukabaine
      third person 1/2 takabaine tibakabaine
      3/4 tigukabaine tekabaine
      5/6 tirikabaine tigakabaine
      7/8 tikikabaine tibikabaine
      9/10 tekabaine tizikabaine
      11/10 tirukabaine
      12/14 tikakabaine tibukabaine
      13 titukabaine
      14/6 tibukabaine tigakabaine
      15/6 tikukabaine
      16 tihakabaine
      subject concord + -takabaine
      near past affirmative
      subject concord + -bainege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbainege tubainege
      second person obainege mubainege
      third person 1/2 abainege babainege
      3/4 gubainege ebainege
      5/6 libainege gabainege
      7/8 kibainege bibainege
      9/10 ebainege zibainege
      11/10 rubainege
      12/14 kabainege bubainege
      13 tubainege
      14/6 bubainege gabainege
      15/6 kubainege
      16 habainege
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -bainege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person timbainege titubainege
      second person tobainege timubainege
      third person 1/2 tabainege tibabainege
      3/4 tigubainege tebainege
      5/6 tiribainege tigabainege
      7/8 tikibainege tibibainege
      9/10 tebainege tizibainege
      11/10 tirubainege
      12/14 tikabainege tibubainege
      13 titubainege
      14/6 tibubainege tigabainege
      15/6 tikubainege
      16 tihabainege
      subject concord + -tabainege
      remote past affirmative
      subject concord + -kabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nkabona tukabona
      second person okabona mukabona
      third person 1/2 akabona bakabona
      3/4 gukabona ekabona
      5/6 likabona gakabona
      7/8 kikabona bikabona
      9/10 ekabona zikabona
      11/10 rukabona
      12/14 kakabona bukabona
      13 tukabona
      14/6 bukabona gakabona
      15/6 kukabona
      16 hakabona
      subject concord + -abaine
      negative
      subject concord + -tabone
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ntabone tutabone
      second person otabone mutabone
      third person 1/2 atabone batabone
      3/4 gutabone etabone
      5/6 litabone gatabone
      7/8 kitabone bitabone
      9/10 etabone ziitabone
      11/10 rutabone
      12/14 katabone butabone
      13 tutabone
      14/6 butabone gatabone
      15/6 kutabone
      16 hatabone
      subject concord + -tarabaine
      experiential perfective affirmative
      subject concord + -rabaine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndabaine turabaine
      second person orabaine murabaine
      third person 1/2 arabaine barabaine
      3/4 gurabaine erabaine
      5/6 lirabaine garabaine
      7/8 kirabaine birabaine
      9/10 erabaine zirabaine
      11/10 rurabaine
      12/14 karabaine burabaine
      13 turabaine
      14/6 burabaine garabaine
      15/6 kurabaine
      16 harabaine
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -kabonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinkabonaga titukabonaga
      second person tokabonaga timukabonaga
      third person 1/2 takabonaga tibakabonaga
      3/4 tigukabonaga tekabonaga
      5/6 tirikabonaga tigakabonaga
      7/8 tikikabonaga tibikabonaga
      9/10 tekabonaga tizikabonaga
      11/10 tirukabonaga
      12/14 tikakabonaga tibukabonaga
      13 titukabonaga
      14/6 tibukabonaga tigakabonaga
      15/6 tikukabonaga
      16 tihakabonaga
      subject concord + -takabonaga
      cessative perfective affirmative
      subject concord + -aabaine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person naabaine twabaine
      second person waabaine mwabaine
      third person 1/2 yaabaine baabaine
      3/4 gwabaine yaabaine
      5/6 lyabaine gaabaine
      7/8 kyabaine byabaine
      9/10 yaabaine zaabaine
      11/10 rwabaine
      12/14 kaabaine bwabaine
      13 twabaine
      14/6 bwabaine gaabaine
      15/6 kwabaine
      16 haabaine
      past habitual affirmative
      subject concord + -abonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person nabonaga twabonaga
      second person wabonaga mwabonaga
      third person 1/2 yabonaga baabonaga
      3/4 gwabonaga yabonaga
      5/6 lyabonaga gaabonaga
      7/8 kyabonaga byabonaga
      9/10 yabonaga zaabonaga
      11/10 rwabonaga
      12/14 kaabonaga bwabonaga
      13 twabonaga
      14/6 bwabonaga gaabonaga
      15/6 kwabonaga
      16 haabonaga
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + abonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinabonaga titwabonaga
      second person tiwabonaga timwabonaga
      third person 1/2 tiyabonaga tibaabonaga
      3/4 tigwabonaga tiyabonaga
      5/6 tiryabonaga tigaabonaga
      7/8 tikyabonaga tibyabonaga
      9/10 tiyabonaga tizaabonaga
      11/10 tirwabonaga
      12/14 tikaabonaga tibwabonaga
      13 titwabonaga
      14/6 tibwabonaga tigaabonaga
      15/6 tikwabonaga
      16 tihaabonaga
      subject concord + -taabonaga
      near future affirmative
      subject concord + -raabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndaabona turaabona
      second person oraabona muraabona
      third person 1/2 araabona baraabona
      3/4 guraabona eraabona
      5/6 liraabona garaabona
      7/8 kiraabona biraabona
      9/10 eraabona ziraabona
      11/10 ruraabona
      12/14 karaabona buraabona
      13 turaabona
      14/6 buraabona garaabona
      15/6 kuraabona
      16 haraabona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aabone
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaabone titwabone
      second person tiwaabone timwabone
      third person 1/2 tiyaabone tibaabone
      3/4 tigwabone tiyaabone
      5/6 tiryabone tigaabone
      7/8 tikyabone tibyabone
      9/10 tiyaabone tizaabone
      11/10 tirwabone
      12/14 tikaabone tibwabone
      13 titwabone
      14/6 tibwabone tigaabone
      15/6 tikwabone
      16 tihaabone
      subject concord + -taabone
      remote future affirmative
      subject concord + -libona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndibona tulibona
      second person olibona mulibona
      third person 1/2 alibona balibona
      3/4 gulibona eribona
      5/6 liribona galibona
      7/8 kiribona biribona
      9/10 eribona ziribona
      11/10 rulibona
      12/14 kalibona bulibona
      13 tulibona
      14/6 bulibona galibona
      15/6 kulibona
      16 halibona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -libona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tindibona titulibona
      second person tolibona timulibona
      third person 1/2 talibona tibalibona
      3/4 tigulibona teribona
      5/6 tiriribona tigalibona
      7/8 tikiribona tibiribona
      9/10 teribona tiziribona
      11/10 tirulibona
      12/14 tikalibona tibulibona
      13 titulibona
      14/6 tibulibona tigalibona
      15/6 tikulibona
      16 tihalibona
      subject concord + -talibona
      future habitual affirmative
      subject concord + -raabonaga
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ndaabonaga turaabonaga
      second person oraabonaga muraabonaga
      third person 1/2 araabonaga baraabonaga
      3/4 guraabonaga eraabonaga
      5/6 liraabonaga garaabonaga
      7/8 kiraabonaga biraabonaga
      9/10 eraabonaga ziraabonaga
      11/10 ruraabonaga
      12/14 karaabonaga buraabonaga
      13 turaabonaga
      14/6 buraabonaga garaabonaga
      15/6 kuraabonaga
      16 haraabonaga
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aabonege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaabonege titwabonege
      second person tiwaabonege timwabonege
      third person 1/2 tiyaabonege tibaabonege
      3/4 tigwabonege tiyaabonege
      5/6 tiryabonege tigaabonege
      7/8 tikyabonege tibyabonege
      9/10 tiyaabonege tizaabonege
      11/10 tirwabonege
      12/14 tikaabonege tibwabonege
      13 titwabonege
      14/6 tibwabonege tigaabonege
      15/6 tikwabonege
      16 tihaabonege
      subject concord + -taabonege
      subjunctive affirmative
      subject concord + bone
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbone tubone
      second person obone mubone
      third person 1/2 abone babone
      3/4 gubone ebone
      5/6 libone gabone
      7/8 kibone bibone
      9/10 ebone zibone
      11/10 rubone
      12/14 kabone bubone
      13 tubone
      14/6 bubone gabone
      15/6 kubone
      16 habone
      negative
      subject concord + -tabona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person ntabona tutabona
      second person otabona mutabona
      third person 1/2 atabona batabona
      3/4 gutabona etabona
      5/6 litabona gatabona
      7/8 kitabona bitabona
      9/10 etabona zitabona
      11/10 rutabona
      12/14 katabona butabona
      13 tutabona
      14/6 butabona gatabona
      15/6 kutabona
      16 hatabona
      subjunctive habitual affirmative
      subject concord + bonege
      person noun class singular plural
      first person mbonege tubonege
      second person obonege mubonege
      third person 1/2 abonege babonege
      3/4 gubonege ebonege
      5/6 libonege gabonege
      7/8 kibonege bibonege
      9/10 ebonege zibonege
      11/10 rubonege
      12/14 kabonege bubonege
      13 tubonege
      14/6 bubonege gabonege
      15/6 kubonege
      16 habonege
      hypothetical affirmative
      subject concord + -aakubona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person naakubona twakubona
      second person waakubona mwakubona
      third person 1/2 yaakubona baakubona
      3/4 gwakubona yaakubona
      5/6 lyakubona gaakubona
      7/8 kyakubona byakubona
      9/10 yaakubona zaakubona
      11/10 rwakubona
      12/14 kaakubona bwakubona
      13 twakubona
      14/6 bwakubona gaakubona
      15/6 kwakubona
      16 haakubona
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aakubona
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaakubona titwakubona
      second person tiwaakubona timwakubona
      third person 1/2 tiyaakubona tibaakubona
      3/4 tigwakubona tiyaakubona
      5/6 tiryakubona tigaakubona
      7/8 tikyakubona tibyakubona
      9/10 tiyaakubona tizaakubona
      11/10 tirwakubona
      12/14 tikaakubona tibwakubona
      13 titwakubona
      14/6 tibwakubona tigaakubona
      15/6 tikwakubona
      16 tihaakubona
      subject concord + -taakubona
      conditional affirmative
      subject concord + -aakubaine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person naakubaine twakubaine
      second person waakubaine mwakubaine
      third person 1/2 yaakubaine baakubaine
      3/4 gwakubaine yaakubaine
      5/6 lyakubaine gaakubaine
      7/8 kyakubaine byakubaine
      9/10 yaakubaine zaakubaine
      11/10 rwakubaine
      12/14 kaakubaine bwakubaine
      13 twakubaine
      14/6 bwakubaine gaakubaine
      15/6 kwakubaine
      16 haakubaine
      negative
      ti- + subject concord + -aakubaine
      person noun class singular plural
      first person tinaakubaine titwakubaine
      second person tiwaakubaine timwakubaine
      third person 1/2 tiyaakubaine tibaakubaine
      3/4 tigwakubaine tiyaakubaine
      5/6 tiryakubaine tigaakubaine
      7/8 tikyakubaine tibyakubaine
      9/10 tiyaakubaine tizaakubaine
      11/10 tirwakubaine
      12/14 tikaakubaine tibwakubaine
      13 titwakubaine
      14/6 tibwakubaine tigaakubaine
      15/6 tikwakubaine
      16 tihaakubaine
      subject concord + -taakubaine
      object concords
      person noun class singular plural
      first person -mbona -tubona
      second person -kubona -babona
      third person 1/2 -mubona
      3/4 -gubona -gibona
      5/6 -libona -gabona
      7/8 -kibona -bibona
      9/10 -gibona -zibona
      11/10 -rubona
      12/14 -kabona -bubona
      13 -tubona
      14/6 -bubona -gabona
      15/6 -kubona
      16 -habona

      1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


      Derived terms

      • Verbal derivations:

      References

      • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary[7], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 238
      • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[8], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, pages 25–26

      Tswana

      Etymology

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      bona

      1. to see

      Venetan

      Adjective

      bona f

      1. feminine singular of bon

      Xhosa

      Etymology 1

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ɓoːná]

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ɓoːná]

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

      Etymology 3

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      -bôna

      1. to see
      Inflection

      This verb needs an inflection-table template.

      Derived terms

      Zulu

      Etymology 1

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ɓoːná/

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.
      Inflection
      Stem -bo, poss. stem -bó (locative kúbo)
      full form boná
      locative kúbo
      copulative yíbo
      Possessive forms
      modifier substantive
      class 1 wâbo ówâbo
      class 2 bâbo ábâbo
      class 3 wâbo ówâbo
      class 4 yâbo éyâbo
      class 5 lâbo élâbo
      class 6 âbo áwâbo
      class 7 sâbo ésâbo
      class 8 zâbo ézâbo
      class 9 yâbo éyâbo
      class 10 zâbo ézâbo
      class 11 lwâbo ólwâbo
      class 14 bâbo óbâbo
      class 15 kwâbo ókwâbo
      class 17 kwâbo ókwâbo

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Nguni *boná.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ɓoːná/

      Pronoun

      boná

      1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.
      Inflection
      Stem -bo, poss. stem -bó (locative kúbo)
      full form boná
      locative kúbo
      copulative yíbo
      Possessive forms
      modifier substantive
      class 1 wâbo ówâbo
      class 2 bâbo ábâbo
      class 3 wâbo ówâbo
      class 4 yâbo éyâbo
      class 5 lâbo élâbo
      class 6 âbo áwâbo
      class 7 sâbo ésâbo
      class 8 zâbo ézâbo
      class 9 yâbo éyâbo
      class 10 zâbo ézâbo
      class 11 lwâbo ólwâbo
      class 14 bâbo óbâbo
      class 15 kwâbo ókwâbo
      class 17 kwâbo ókwâbo

      Etymology 3

      From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

      Verb

      -bôna

      1. (transitive) to see
      2. (transitive) to understand, to comprehend
      3. (transitive) to recognise
      4. (transitive) to seek out, to visit
      Inflection
      tone HH (infinitive ukubona)
      positive negative
      infinitive ukubona ukungaboni
      imperative
      simple + object concord
      singular bona -bone
      plural bonani -boneni
      present
      positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
      1st singular ngiyabona, ngibona engibonayo, engibona ngibona angiboni engingaboni ngingaboni
      2nd singular uyabona, ubona obonayo, obona ubona awuboni ongaboni ungaboni
      1st plural siyabona, sibona esibonayo, esibona sibona asiboni esingaboni singaboni
      2nd plural niyabona, nibona enibonayo, enibona nibona aniboni eningaboni ningaboni
      class 1 uyabona, ubona obonayo, obona ebona akaboni ongaboni engaboni
      class 2 bayabona, babona ababonayo, ababona bebona ababoni abangaboni bengaboni
      class 3 uyabona, ubona obonayo, obona ubona awuboni ongaboni ungaboni
      class 4 iyabona, ibona ebonayo, ebona ibona ayiboni engaboni ingaboni
      class 5 liyabona, libona elibonayo, elibona libona aliboni elingaboni lingaboni
      class 6 ayabona, abona abonayo, abona ebona awaboni angaboni engaboni
      class 7 siyabona, sibona esibonayo, esibona sibona asiboni esingaboni singaboni
      class 8 ziyabona, zibona ezibonayo, ezibona zibona aziboni ezingaboni zingaboni
      class 9 iyabona, ibona ebonayo, ebona ibona ayiboni engaboni ingaboni
      class 10 ziyabona, zibona ezibonayo, ezibona zibona aziboni ezingaboni zingaboni
      class 11 luyabona, lubona olubonayo, olubona lubona aluboni olungaboni lungaboni
      class 14 buyabona, bubona obubonayo, obubona bubona abuboni obungaboni bungaboni
      class 15 kuyabona, kubona okubonayo, okubona kubona akuboni okungaboni kungaboni
      class 17 kuyabona, kubona okubonayo, okubona kubona akuboni okungaboni kungaboni
      recent past
      positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
      1st singular ngibonile, ngibonē engibonile, engibonē ngibonile, ngibonē angibonanga engingabonanga ngingabonanga
      2nd singular ubonile, ubonē obonile, obonē ubonile, ubonē awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
      1st plural sibonile, sibonē esibonile, esibonē sibonile, sibonē asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
      2nd plural nibonile, nibonē enibonile, enibonē nibonile, nibonē anibonanga eningabonanga ningabonanga
      class 1 ubonile, ubonē obonile, obonē ebonile, ebonē akabonanga ongabonanga engabonanga
      class 2 babonile, babonē ababonile, ababonē bebonile, bebonē ababonanga abangabonanga bengabonanga
      class 3 ubonile, ubonē obonile, obonē ubonile, ubonē awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
      class 4 ibonile, ibonē ebonile, ebonē ibonile, ibonē ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
      class 5 libonile, libonē elibonile, elibonē libonile, libonē alibonanga elingabonanga lingabonanga
      class 6 abonile, abonē abonile, abonē ebonile, ebonē awabonanga angabonanga engabonanga
      class 7 sibonile, sibonē esibonile, esibonē sibonile, sibonē asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
      class 8 zibonile, zibonē ezibonile, ezibonē zibonile, zibonē azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
      class 9 ibonile, ibonē ebonile, ebonē ibonile, ibonē ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
      class 10 zibonile, zibonē ezibonile, ezibonē zibonile, zibonē azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
      class 11 lubonile, lubonē olubonile, olubonē lubonile, lubonē alubonanga olungabonanga lungabonanga
      class 14 bubonile, bubonē obubonile, obubonē bubonile, bubonē abubonanga obungabonanga bungabonanga
      class 15 kubonile, kubonē okubonile, okubonē kubonile, kubonē akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
      class 17 kubonile, kubonē okubonile, okubonē kubonile, kubonē akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
      remote past
      positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
      1st singular ngābona engābona ngābona angibonanga engingabonanga ngingabonanga
      2nd singular wābona owābona wābona awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
      1st plural sābona esābona sābona asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
      2nd plural nābona enābona nābona anibonanga eningabonanga ningabonanga
      class 1 wābona owābona ābona akabonanga ongabonanga engabonanga
      class 2 bābona abābona bābona ababonanga abangabonanga bengabonanga
      class 3 wābona owābona wābona awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
      class 4 yābona eyābona yābona ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
      class 5 lābona elābona lābona alibonanga elingabonanga lingabonanga
      class 6 ābona ābona ābona awabonanga angabonanga engabonanga
      class 7 sābona esābona sābona asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
      class 8 zābona ezābona zābona azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
      class 9 yābona eyābona yābona ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
      class 10 zābona ezābona zābona azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
      class 11 lwābona olwābona lwābona alubonanga olungabonanga lungabonanga
      class 14 bābona obābona bābona abubonanga obungabonanga bungabonanga
      class 15 kwābona okwābona kwābona akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
      class 17 kwābona okwābona kwābona akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
      potential
      positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
      1st singular ngingabona ngingabona ngingebone ngingebone
      2nd singular ungabona ungabona ungebone ungebone
      1st plural singabona singabona singebone singebone
      2nd plural ningabona ningabona ningebone ningebone
      class 1 angabona engabona angebone engebone
      class 2 bangabona bengabona bangebone bengebone
      class 3 ungabona ungabona ungebone ungebone
      class 4 ingabona ingabona ingebone ingebone
      class 5 lingabona lingabona lingebone lingebone
      class 6 angabona engabona angebone engebone
      class 7 singabona singabona singebone singebone
      class 8 zingabona zingabona zingebone zingebone
      class 9 ingabona ingabona ingebone ingebone
      class 10 zingabona zingabona zingebone zingebone
      class 11 lungabona lungabona lungebone lungebone
      class 14 bungabona bungabona bungebone bungebone
      class 15 kungabona kungabona kungebone kungebone
      class 17 kungabona kungabona kungebone kungebone
      immediate future
      positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
      1st singular ngizobona engizobona ngizobona angizubona engingezubona ngingezubona
      2nd singular uzobona ozobona uzobona awuzubona ongezubona ungezubona
      1st plural sizobona esizobona sizobona asizubona esingezubona singezubona
      2nd plural nizobona enizobona nizobona anizubona eningezubona ningezubona
      class 1 uzobona ozobona ezobona akazubona ongezubona engezubona
      class 2 bazobona abazobona bezobona abazubona abangezubona bengezubona
      class 3 uzobona ozobona uzobona awuzubona ongezubona ungezubona
      class 4 izobona ezobona izobona ayizubona engezubona ingezubona
      class 5 lizobona elizobona lizobona alizubona elingezubona lingezubona
      class 6 azobona azobona ezobona awazubona angezubona engezubona
      class 7 sizobona esizobona sizobona asizubona esingezubona singezubona
      class 8 zizobona ezizobona zizobona azizubona ezingezubona zingezubona
      class 9 izobona ezobona izobona ayizubona engezubona ingezubona
      class 10 zizobona ezizobona zizobona azizubona ezingezubona zingezubona
      class 11 luzobona oluzobona luzobona aluzubona olungezubona lungezubona
      class 14 buzobona obuzobona buzobona abuzubona obungezubona bungezubona
      class 15 kuzobona okuzobona kuzobona akuzubona okungezubona kungezubona
      class 17 kuzobona okuzobona kuzobona akuzubona okungezubona kungezubona
      remote future
      positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
      1st singular ngiyobona engiyobona ngiyobona angiyubona engingeyubona ngingeyubona
      2nd singular uyobona oyobona uyobona awuyubona ongeyubona ungeyubona
      1st plural siyobona esiyobona siyobona asiyubona esingeyubona singeyubona
      2nd plural niyobona eniyobona niyobona aniyubona eningeyubona ningeyubona
      class 1 uyobona oyobona eyobona akayubona ongeyubona engeyubona
      class 2 bayobona abayobona beyobona abayubona abangeyubona bengeyubona
      class 3 uyobona oyobona uyobona awuyubona ongeyubona ungeyubona
      class 4 iyobona eyobona iyobona ayiyubona engeyubona ingeyubona
      class 5 liyobona eliyobona liyobona aliyubona elingeyubona lingeyubona
      class 6 ayobona ayobona eyobona awayubona angeyubona engeyubona
      class 7 siyobona esiyobona siyobona asiyubona esingeyubona singeyubona
      class 8 ziyobona eziyobona ziyobona aziyubona ezingeyubona zingeyubona
      class 9 iyobona eyobona iyobona ayiyubona engeyubona ingeyubona
      class 10 ziyobona eziyobona ziyobona aziyubona ezingeyubona zingeyubona
      class 11 luyobona oluyobona luyobona aluyubona olungeyubona lungeyubona
      class 14 buyobona obuyobona buyobona abuyubona obungeyubona bungeyubona
      class 15 kuyobona okuyobona kuyobona akuyubona okungeyubona kungeyubona
      class 17 kuyobona okuyobona kuyobona akuyubona okungeyubona kungeyubona
      present subjunctive
      positive negative
      1st singular ngibone ngingaboni
      2nd singular ubone ungaboni
      1st plural sibone singaboni
      2nd plural nibone ningaboni
      class 1 abone angaboni
      class 2 babone bangaboni
      class 3 ubone ungaboni
      class 4 ibone ingaboni
      class 5 libone lingaboni
      class 6 abone angaboni
      class 7 sibone singaboni
      class 8 zibone zingaboni
      class 9 ibone ingaboni
      class 10 zibone zingaboni
      class 11 lubone lungaboni
      class 14 bubone bungaboni
      class 15 kubone kungaboni
      class 17 kubone kungaboni
      past subjunctive
      positive negative
      1st singular ngabona ngangabona, angabona, angangabona
      2nd singular wabona wangabona, awabona, awangabona
      1st plural sabona sangabona, asabona, asangabona
      2nd plural nabona nangabona, anabona, anangabona
      class 1 wabona wangabona, akabona, akangabona
      class 2 babona bangabona, ababona, abangabona
      class 3 wabona wangabona, awabona, awangabona
      class 4 yabona yangabona, ayabona, ayangabona
      class 5 labona langabona, alabona, alangabona
      class 6 abona angabona, awabona, awangabona
      class 7 sabona sangabona, asabona, asangabona
      class 8 zabona zangabona, azabona, azangabona
      class 9 yabona yangabona, ayabona, ayangabona
      class 10 zabona zangabona, azabona, azangabona
      class 11 lwabona lwangabona, alwabona, alwangabona
      class 14 babona bangabona, ababona, abangabona
      class 15 kwabona kwangabona, akwabona, akwangabona
      class 17 kwabona kwangabona, akwabona, akwangabona
      Derived terms