sad

Abbreviation of English Sandawe.

sad

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sandawe.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Sandawe terms

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary”), from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Cognate to Saterland Frisian sääd, West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German Low German satt, German satt.

The interjection sense is a reference to frequent usage of the word as an interjection in the tweets of Donald Trump, American businessman and politician (born 1946), President of the United States (2017–2021; a Trumpism.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsæd/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -æd
• Hyphenation: sad
• Homophones: saad, SADD

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
   1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.

      Synonyms: depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy; see also Thesaurus:sad

      Antonyms: cheerful, gleeful, happy, upbeat; see also Thesaurus:happy

      She gets sad when he's away.

      • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 2:

        Firſt were we ſad, fearing you would not come, / Now ſadder that you come ſo vnprouided: […]

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 18:

        […] Th’ Angelic Guards aſcended, mute and ſad […]

   2. Appearing sorrowful.

      The puppy had a sad little face.

      • 2010 February, Eric Rentschler, Itoh's Ghost‎^[1], iUniverse, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 54:

        We need a sad man. Give us a sad man.” Tomo gave the look of a sad man, then followed with the body of a sad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin. […]

   3. Causing sorrow; lamentable.

      Synonyms: deplorable, saddening; see also Thesaurus:lamentable

      It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.

      • 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse:

        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.

      • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.

   4. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.

      Synonyms: pitiful, sorry; see also Thesaurus:low-quality

      Antonym: decent

      That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.

      • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto II, stanza CXXVII, page 182:

        Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please […].

      • 2025 July 16, Luis Prada, “Elon Musk’s Grok AI Now Includes a Pornographic Waifu Chatbot”, in Vice‎^[2]:

        Musk is betting that lonely users will trade their cash (and last shreds of their connection to human life) for a bot that is explicitly designed to flirt with sad men, as the saddest man on Earth spearheaded it.

   5. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.

      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dim, Thesaurus:dark colour

      • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 2nd book, page 69:

        […] this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of a ſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.

      • 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson:

        sad-coloured clothes

      • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.

2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
   • 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], →OCLC, Act I:

     The fearefull newes that whilſt the flame doth but begin,
     Sad pollicie may ſerue to quench the fire: […]

4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.

   Synonyms: staid, stern; see also Thesaurus:serious

   • 1509, Sebastian Brant, translated by Alexander Barclay, The Ship of Fools,:

     Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion.
     Were founde for youthe by sad and wyse counsayle

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 348:

     Vproſe Sir Guyon, in bright armour clad, / And to his purpoſd iourney him prepar'd: / With him the Palmer eke in habit ſad, / Him ſelfe addreſt to that aduenture hard: […]

5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.

   Synonyms: mischievous, roguish, vexatious

   • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:

     Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was a sad coquette.

   • 1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy […], →OCLC, section IX, page 227:

     In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.

6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.

   I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!

   You’d have to be really sad to wear a shirt like that.

7. (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.

   sad bread

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 30, page 299:

     […] his hand, more ſad then lomp of lead, […]

   • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

     Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.

• (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
• (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching

• “sad”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “sad”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)

1. (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
   • 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia

     My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

sad

1. (Internet slang, sometimes humorous) Expressing contempt, ridicule or disgust; bah!

sad (plural sads)

1. Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”).

• ADS, Ads, das, ASD, DAS, ADs, ad.'s, ads., DSA, AdS, SDA, ads, DAs, DA's

Borrowed from Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

sad (definite accusative sadı, plural sadlar)

1. the Arabic letter ص

• “sad” in Obastan.com.

• Hyphenation: sad

sad

1. (focus) also; too
2. (after a negative) either

• IPA^(key): [ˈsat]

• Audio:

  (file)

Inherited from Old Czech sad, from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

sad m inan (diminutive sádek)

1. orchard

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

sad

1. genitive plural of sada

• “sad”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “sad”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “sad”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

sad

1. past of sidde

sad

1. romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

From Proto-Finnic *sato.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑˀd/, [ˈsɑˀd̥]

sa’d

1. precipitation; hail, rain, snow, etc.

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sa’d”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[3] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

• IPA^(key): [sat]

sad m inan

1. fruit (food)

From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

• saad, sadd, zed
• sæd, sead, sed (Early Middle English)

• IPA^(key): /sad/, /saːd/

sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)

1. sated, weary (having had enough) [from 9th c.]
2. firm, solid, hard: [from 14th c.]
   1. steady, enduring
   2. intense, powerful, severe
   3. secure (inspiring trust)
   4. dense, thick, tightly-packed
3. considered, thoughtful, serious [from 14th c.]
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerke of Oxenfordes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xlix, verso, column 2, line 4:

     […] ſadde and rype corage […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. sad (inspiring or having sorrow) [from 14th c.]
5. authentic, true, genuine [from 15th c.]
6. (of colors) dark, deep [from 15th c.]

• saden
• sadnesse
• sadly

• English: sad
• Scots: sad
• → Welsh: sad

sad (comparative saddere)

1. firmly, solidly, steadily
2. strongly, intensely
3. seriously, consideredly
4. sadly (in a sorrowful way)

• English: sad (dialectal)
• Scots: sad

• “sā̆d, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

sad

1. (Early Middle English, Essex) alternative form of seed (“seed”)

sad

1. alternative form of saden

From Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

1. full, sated, satiated
2. weary

• Middle Low German sat

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsat/

• Audio 1:

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• Audio 2:

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• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: sad

sad m inan (diminutive sadek, related adjective sadowy)

1. (agriculture, horticulture) orchard (land for cultivation of fruit or nut trees)

• “sad”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “sad”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[5] (in Polish)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ).

sad n (plural saduri)

1. (dated) orchard

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd.

• IPA^(key): /sɑd/

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

1. grave, serious
2. strange, remarkable
3. sad

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda, composed of *sь (“this”) + *goda (“(right) time, year”).

• sȁda

• IPA^(key): /sâd/

sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)

1. now
2. currently
3. presently

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ. Compare Russian сад (sad).

• IPA^(key): /sâːd/

sȃd m anim (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)

1. plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
2. a seedling or sapling from a plant nursery

• “sad”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• “sad”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

• IPA^(key): /sat/, [ˈsat]
• Rhymes: -at

sad m inan (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

1. garden, orchard, plantation

• “sad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

• ſad (Bohorič alphabet)

From Proto-Slavic *sȃdъ (“plant, garden”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sādas. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): /sáːt/
• Rhymes: -aːt
• Hyphenation: sad
• Homophone: sat

sȃd m inan

1. (archaic or literary) fruit

   Synonyms: sadež, plod

2. (literary) result, outcome

   Synonyms: rezultat, izraz, odraz, pridobitev, otrok, output, posledica, produkt, plod

3. (obsolete) child, young direct offspring

   Synonyms: otrok, dete, froc, malček, otroček, otročič, otročiček, otrokec, pamž, pestovanček, pestovanec, spestovanec

   Antonyms: starš, roditelj, rodnik, starši

   Zdrava, Marija, milosti polna, Gospod je s Teboj, blagoslovljena si med ženami in blagoslovljen je sad Tvojega telesa Jezus. ― Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.

4. (literary, rare) consequence

   Synonyms: posledica, nasledek, nastopek, posledek, plod

Unlike plod, sad is used more when the edibility is stressed, rather than the seeds it contains.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing.	sȃd
gen. sing.	sadȗ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	sȃd	sadȏva	sadȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	sadȗ	sadóv	sadóv
dative dajȃlnik	sȃdu, sȃdi	sadȏvoma, sadȏvama	sadȏvom, sȃdȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	sȃd	sadȏva	sadȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	sȃdu, sȃdi	sadȏvih	sadȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	sȃdom	sadȏvoma, sadȏvama	sadȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	sȃd	sadȏva	sadȏvi

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	sȃd
gen. sing.	sȃda
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	sȃd	sadȏva	sadȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	sȃda	sadóv	sadóv
dative dajȃlnik	sȃdu, sȃdi	sadȏvoma, sadȏvama	sadȏvom, sȃdȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	sȃd	sadȏva	sadȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	sȃdu, sȃdi	sadȏvih	sadȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	sȃdom	sadȏvoma, sadȏvama	sadȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	sȃd	sadȏva	sadȏvi

• seme
• klas

• “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “sad”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

sad

1. hundred

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صاد (sâd), from Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

sad

1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ص

• sat

Compare Tajik сад (sad).

sad

1. hundred

Borrowed from Middle English sad (“firm, steady, serious”).

sad (feminine singular sad, plural sad, equative saded, comparative sadach, superlative sadaf, not mutable)

1. firm, steady, stable

   Synonyms: cadarn, diysgog, disyfl, sefydlog, solet

2. dependable, steadfast

   Synonyms: dianwadal, dibynadwy

• ansad (“unstable, infirm”)
• sadia'r mur po garwa'r garreg (“the rougher the stones the stronger the wall”)
• sadaidd (“firm”)
• sadio (“to stabilise”)

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “sad”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “sad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies