oga

Borrowed from Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief, master”).

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈəʊ.ɡə/
• (General American) enPR: ōʹgə, IPA^(key): /ˈoʊ.ɡə/
• Rhymes: -əʊɡə
• Homophone: ogre (non-rhotic)

oga (plural ogas)

1. (West Africa) A chief, employer, or superior.
   • 2013, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, chapter 50, in Americanah:

     Nigeria is not a nation of sandwich-eating people and his last oga did not eat bread in the afternoon.

• GAO, G.O.A., AGO, G. O. A., ago, AOG, OAG, Gao, goa, Goa, GOA

From Old Norse auga, from Proto-Norse *ᚨᚢᚷᛟ (*augo), from Proto-Germanic *augô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).

oga n

1. eye

From Proto-Finnic *oka, possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic. Cognates include Finnish oas, oka (dialectal), Votic õgaz, Ingrian oas, Livvi ovas, Ludian ogas and Veps ogah.

• IPA^(key): /ˈoɡ̊ɑ/, [ˈoɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -oɡɑ
• Hyphenation: o‧ga

oga (genitive oga, partitive oga)

1. (botany) thorn, prickle

   Synonym: okas

2. (zootomy) spine (a strong and sharp thorn-like covering, bone or similar formation)
3. spike, barb

   Riided jäid okastraadi ogadesse kinni. ― Clothes got caught in the spikes of the barbed wire.

Declension of oga (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		oga	ogad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	oga
genitive			ogade
partitive		oga	ogasid
illative		okka ogasse	ogadesse
inessive		ogas	ogades
elative		ogast	ogadest
allative		ogale	ogadele
adessive		ogal	ogadel
ablative		ogalt	ogadelt
translative		ogaks	ogadeks
terminative		ogani	ogadeni
essive		ogana	ogadena
abessive		ogata	ogadeta
comitative		ogaga	ogadega

• (thorn, prickle): okas

• okas

• oga in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “oga”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

• Audio (Nigeria):

  (file)

ogá (plural ogá lẹ) (Nigeria)

1. bow (weapon)

• ogaba

From Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief”).

• IPA^(key): /ʔò.ɡáː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ʔò.ɡáː]

ògā m (possessed form ògan)

1. boss, someone in charge

From Proto-Baltic *wog-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian úoga, Old Church Slavonic агода (agoda), and possibly Tocharian B oko.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ˈuɔ̯̂ɡa]

ôga f (4th declension)

1. berry (small fruits of various species)

   ogu sula ― berry juice

   ogu krūms ― berry bush

   ogu ķekars ― berry bunch

   iet ogās, iet lasīt ogas ― to go pick berries

   ogu laiks ― berry time (season)

• ērkšķoga

From Yoruba ọ̀gá.

oga

1. boss, master, senior
   • 2020, Holy Bible Nigerian Pidgin English‎^[2], Nigeria: Wycliffe Bible Translators, Inc., Rut [Ruth] 2:13:

     Rut kon sey, “My oga, yu really dey good to mi, bikos yu don trit mi like yor savant, even doh I nor bi yor savant!”

     Ruth then said, “My boss, you have really been good to me because you have treated me like your servant, even though I am not your servant!”

• ouga

From Proto-West Germanic *augā.

ōga n

1. eye

• ouga

• Middle Dutch: ôge
  • Dutch: oog
  • Limburgish: oug

• “ōga”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

From Proto-West Germanic *ōgan, from Proto-Germanic *ōganą (“to be afraid”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈoː.ɡɑ/, [ˈoː.ɣɑ]
• Rhymes: -oː.ɡɑ

ōga m

1. horror or terror

Weak:

From Proto-West Germanic *augā.

Compare Old English ēage, Old Frisian āge, Old Dutch ōga, Old High German ouga, Old Norse auga, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō).

ōga n

1. eye
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 5494

     ...endi im undar is ōgun spīwun,...

     ...and they spat at him under his eyes,...

• Middle Low German: ôge
  • Low German: Oge
    • German Low German: Oog

      Hamburgisch: Oog

      Westphalian:

      (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense? (is this Ravensbergisch or another Lippisch term? what's the source? Lippisch (Korl Biegemann, Wilhelm Oesterhaus, kinder-lippe.de) has "Auge", also "Äoge", see below. This was added in diff & diff.)) Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Äuge

      Lippisch: Auge, Äoge

      Ravensbergisch: äuge (scientific), Auge

      Sauerländisch: Äoge, Auge, Eyege, Ouge, Oue

      Westmünsterländisch: Ooge, Oog

  • Plautdietsch: Uag

Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition

From Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

-óga (infinitive (Rwanda) kôga or (Rundi) kwôga, perfective -óze)

1. bathe, immerse

• -oza (“wash, clean”)

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-oga (infinitive kuoga)

1. to wash oneself, to bathe

In some dialects, this verb may conjugate like a monosyllabic verb; see Appendix:Swahili verbs for those conjugated forms.

Conjugation of -oga
Positive present -naoga Subjunctive -oge Negative -ogi Imperative singular oga
Infinitives
Positive kuoga Negative kutooga
Imperatives
Singular oga Plural ogeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huoga Positive past positive subject concord + -lioga Negative past negative subject concord + -kuoga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naoga) Singular Plural 1st person ninaoga/naoga tunaoga 2nd person unaoga mnaoga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaoga wanaoga other classes positive subject concord + -naoga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -ogi) Singular Plural 1st person siogi hatuogi 2nd person huogi hamwogi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haogi hawaogi other classes negative subject concord + -ogi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taoga Negative future negative subject concord + -taoga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -oge) Singular Plural 1st person nioge tuoge 2nd person uoge mwoge 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aoge waoge other classes positive subject concord + -oge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sioge Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeoga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeoga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalioga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalioga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aoga) Singular Plural 1st person naoga twaoga 2nd person waoga mwaoga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aoga waoga m-mi(III/IV) waoga yaoga ji-ma(V/VI) laoga yaoga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaoga vyaoga n(IX/X) yaoga zaoga u(XI) waoga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaoga pa(XVI) paoga mu(XVIII) mwaoga
Perfect positive subject concord + -meoga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaoga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaoga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kioga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipooga Consecutive kaoga / positive subject concord + -kaoga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaoge
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nioga -tuoga 2nd person -kuoga -waoga/-kuogeni/-waogeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwoga -waoga m-mi(III/IV) -uoga -ioga ji-ma(V/VI) -lioga -yaoga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kioga -vioga n(IX/X) -ioga -zioga u(XI) -uoga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuoga pa(XVI) -paoga mu(XVIII) -muoga Reflexive -jioga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -oga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -ogaye -ogao m-mi(III/IV) -ogao -ogayo ji-ma(V/VI) -ogalo -ogayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -ogacho -ogavyo n(IX/X) -ogayo -ogazo u(XI) -ogao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -ogako pa(XVI) -ogapo mu(XVIII) -ogamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -oga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeoga -ooga m-mi(III/IV) -ooga -yooga ji-ma(V/VI) -looga -yooga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chooga -vyooga n(IX/X) -yooga -zooga u(XI) -ooga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kooga pa(XVI) -pooga mu(XVIII) -mooga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -ogesha (“to bathe”)

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

• IPA^(key): /óːɡa/

-oga (infinitive okwoga) (intransitive)

1. to bathe, to wash (one's whole body)

   Coordinate term: -naaba

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -ogera
  • Short causative: -ogya
  • Long causative: -ogesa

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[4], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 236
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[5], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 309