glan

glan

See also: Glan and glân

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective

glan

  1. pure

Mutation

Mutation of glan
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed
glan c'hlan unchanged klan c'hlan

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”). Cognate with Welsh glân.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡlaːn/

Adjective

glan

  1. clean
  2. pure
    Synonym: pur

Derived terms

  • glanhe (“clean”, verb)
  • glanyth (“tidy”)

Adverb

glan

  1. completely, quite

Mutation

Mutation of glan
radical soft aspirate hard mixed
glan lan unchanged klan unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish glan,[7] from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective

glan (genitive singular masculine glain, genitive singular feminine glaine, plural glana, comparative glaine)

  1. clean
  2. clear
Declension
Declension of glan
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative glan ghlan glana;
ghlana2
vocative ghlain glana
genitive glaine glana glan
dative glan;
ghlan1 		ghlan;
ghlain (archaic) 		glana;
ghlana2
Comparative níos glaine
Superlative is glaine

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Archaic declension
Declension of glan
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative glan ghlan glana;
ghlana2
vocative ghloin glana
genitive gloine glana glan
dative glan;
ghlan1 		ghlan;
ghloin (archaic) 		glana;
ghlana2
Comparative níos gloine
Superlative is gloine

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish glanaid (“to cleanse”), from the adjective.[8]

Verb

glan (present analytic glanann, future analytic glanfaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glanta)

  1. to clean
Conjugation
Conjugation of glan (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present glanaim glanann tú;
glanair† 		glanann sé, sí glanaimid; glanann muid glanann sibh glanann siad;
glanaid† 		a ghlanann; a ghlanas glantar
past ghlan mé; ghlanas ghlan tú; ghlanais ghlan sé, sí ghlanamar; ghlan muid ghlan sibh; ghlanabhair ghlan siad; ghlanadar a ghlan glanadh
past habitual ghlanainn /
glanainn‡ 		ghlantá /
glantᇠ		ghlanadh sé, sí /
glanadh sé, sí‡ 		ghlanaimis; ghlanadh muid /
glanaimis‡; glanadh muid‡ 		ghlanadh sibh /
glanadh sibh‡ 		ghlanaidís; ghlanadh siad /
glanaidís‡; glanadh siad‡ 		a ghlanadh ghlantaí /
glantaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future glanfaidh mé;
glanfad 		glanfaidh tú;
glanfair† 		glanfaidh sé, sí glanfaimid;
glanfaidh muid 		glanfaidh sibh glanfaidh siad;
glanfaid† 		a ghlanfaidh; a ghlanfas glanfar
conditional ghlanfainn /
glanfainn‡ 		ghlanfá /
glanfᇠ		ghlanfadh sé, sí /
glanfadh sé, sí‡ 		ghlanfaimis; ghlanfadh muid /
glanfaimis‡; glanfadh muid‡ 		ghlanfadh sibh /
glanfadh sibh‡ 		ghlanfaidís; ghlanfadh siad /
glanfaidís‡; glanfadh siad‡ 		a ghlanfadh ghlanfaí /
glanfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go nglana mé;
go nglanad† 		go nglana tú;
go nglanair† 		go nglana sé, sí go nglanaimid;
go nglana muid 		go nglana sibh go nglana siad;
go nglanaid† 		— go nglantar
past dá nglanainn dá nglantá dá nglanadh sé, sí dá nglanaimis;
dá nglanadh muid 		dá nglanadh sibh dá nglanaidís;
dá nglanadh siad 		— dá nglantaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— glanaim glan glanadh sé, sí glanaimis glanaigí;
glanaidh† 		glanaidís — glantar
past participle glanta
verbal noun glanadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Derived terms
  • folúsghlan (“vacuum clean”, verb)
  • glantóir m (“cleaner”)
  • tirimghlan (“dry clean”, verb)

Mutation

Mutated forms of glan
radical lenition eclipsis
glan ghlan nglan

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

References
  1. ^ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947), The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 46, page 11
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 125
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 202
  4. ^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974), Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word list from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 108
  5. ^ Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925), Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt [Pronunciation of Northern Irish]‎[1] (in Irish), Béal Feirste [Belfast]: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], section 2, page 5
  6. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 254, page 127
  7. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “glan”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  8. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “glanaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “glan; glanaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 542; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “glan”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *glanos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡlan/

Adjective

glan

  1. clean
  2. pure
  3. clear

Inflection

o/ā-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative glan glan glan
vocative glain*
glan**
accusative glan glain
genitive glain glaine glain
dative glan glain glan
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative glain glana
vocative glanu
glana†
accusative glanu
glana†
genitive glan
dative glanaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: glan
  • Manx: glen
  • Scottish Gaelic: glan

Verb

·glan

  1. third-person singular preterite conjunct of glanaid

Verb

glan

  1. second-person singular imperative of glanaid

Mutation

Mutation of glan
radical lenition nasalization
glan glan
pronounced with /ɣ-/		 nglan

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *glěnь
Old Polish glan

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glěnь. First attested in the end of the 15th century.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɡlʲaːn/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɡlʲɒn/

    Noun

    glan m animacy unattested

    1. dirt, filth
      • 1968 [End of the 15th century], Roman Laskowski, Józef Reczek, editors, Glosy polskie rękopisu Sermones de tempore et de sanctis nr. XV 32 Biblioteki OO. Dominikanów w Krakowie z drugiej połowy XV wieku‎[2], Sandomierz: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, page 73:
        Sed, heu, multi sunt peccatores, qui se abscondunt in squalore, w glanye, immundicie
        [Sed, heu, multi sunt peccatores, qui se abscondunt in squalore, w glanie, immundicie]

    Descendants

    Further reading

    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “glan”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

    Polish

    Etymology

    Back-formation from glanc, with a semantic shift of shine > boots polished to a shine > bovver boot.[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɡlan/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -an
    • Syllabification: glan

    Noun

    glan m inan

    1. (colloquial) bovver boot (stout lace-up boots, especially Dr. Martens, perceived to be worn for the purpose of kicking people in fights, and popular with skinheads or other troublemakers out looking for bovver)

    Declension

    Declension of glan
    singular plural
    nominative glan glany
    genitive glana glanów
    dative glanowi glanom
    accusative glan glany
    instrumental glanem glanami
    locative glanie glanach
    vocative glanie glany

    References

    1. ^ Adam Fałowski (2022), “glan”, in Słownik etymologiczny polszczyzny potocznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN

    Further reading

    • “glan”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • “glan”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[4] (in Polish)

    Scottish Gaelic

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /kl̪ˠan/

    Etymology 1

    From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

    Adjective

    glan (comparative nas glaine or nas gloine, superlative as glaine or as gloine, qualitative noun glainead or gloinead)

    1. clean
    2. pure
    3. fine, grand, sheer
    4. (colloquial) great, groovy, well

    Adverb

    glan

    1. completely, wholly, thoroughly
    2. (colloquial, as an intensifier) very much, really, a lot, thoroughly
      chòrd e rium glan ― I really enjoyed it

    Etymology 2

    From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from glan.

    Verb

    glan (past ghlan, future glanaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glante)

    1. clean, purify
    2. purge, refine
    3. weed

    Welsh

    Etymology

    From Middle Welsh glann, from Proto-Brythonic *glann, from Proto-Celtic *glannos; see *glendos.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɡlan/

    Noun

    glan f (plural glannau or glennydd)

    1. bank, shore

    Derived terms

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of glan
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    glan lan nglan unchanged

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “glan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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