ablaut

ablaut

See also: Ablaut

English

Etymology

    Borrowed from German Ablaut (sound gradation), which is from ab- or ab (down, off), + Laut (sound).[1] Ab is used here in the sense of “deviating, varying” as in Abgott (god other than the true God), Abart (different sort, variety, anomality).

    Pronunciation

    • (US) IPA(key): /ˈɑbˌlaʊt/, /ˈɑpˌlaʊt/, /ˈæbˌlaʊt/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Audio (Canada):(file)
    • Rhymes: -aʊt
    • Hyphenation: ab‧lowt

    Noun

    Examples

    ablaut (countable and uncountable, plural ablauts)

    1. (phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.][2]
      Synonym: alternation
      Hypernyms: gradation, apophony
      • 1920, Arthur Quiller-Couch, On The Art of Reading[1]:
        I declare to you that Literature was not written for schoolmasters, nor for schoolmistresses. I would not exchange it for a wilderness of schoolmasters. It should be delivered from them, who, with their silly Ablauts and ‘tendencies,’ can themselves neither read nor write.

    Derived terms

    Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

    Verb

    ablaut (third-person singular simple present ablauts, present participle ablauting, simple past and past participle ablauted)

    1. (intransitive, linguistics, of a vowel-containing linguistic component) To undergo a change of vowel.
      • 1983, Stephanie W. Jamison, Function and Form in the -áya-formations of the Rig Veda and ...[2], page 209:
        This root must once have ablauted, given the associated nominal derivatives prthii- 'broad', prthivl- 'earth'. However, it does not ablaut at all in its verbal forms.
      • 1985, Michael E. Krauss, Yupik Eskimo prosodic systems: descriptive and comparative studies[3], page 241:
        What we find is that one cannot predict which members of V a given member of E will cause to ablaut
      • 2006, Felix K. Ameka, Alan Charles Dench, Nicholas Evans, Catching language: the standing challenge of grammar writing[4], page 536:
        It is these co-opted verbs that tend to ablaut variably in the different Dakotan dialects and that forced morphological restructuring
      • 2012, Bernard Comrie, Zarina Estrada Fernández, Relative Clauses in Languages of the Americas: A Typological Overview[5], page 219:
        This allomorph also causes the back vowel to ablaut to a low vowel.
    2. (transitive, linguistics) To cause to change a vowel.

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ Morris, William, editor (1969), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
    2. ^ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “ablaut”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 5.

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Afrikaans

    Etymology

      From Dutch ablaut, borrowed from German Ablaut, from ab- +‎ Laut.

      Pronunciation

      • Hyphenation: ab‧laut

      Noun

      ablaut (plural ablaute)

      1. (linguistics) ablaut

      Finnish

      Etymology

      From German Ablaut.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈɑblɑut/, [ˈɑ̝blɑ̝ut̪]
      • Rhymes: -ɑblɑut
      • Syllabification(key): ab‧la‧ut
      • Hyphenation(key): ab‧la‧ut

      Noun

      ablaut

      1. (linguistics) ablaut

      Declension

      Inflection of ablaut (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
      nominative ablaut ablautit
      genitive ablautin ablautien
      partitive ablautia ablauteja
      illative ablautiin ablauteihin
      singular plural
      nominative ablaut ablautit
      accusative nom. ablaut ablautit
      gen. ablautin
      genitive ablautin ablautien
      partitive ablautia ablauteja
      inessive ablautissa ablauteissa
      elative ablautista ablauteista
      illative ablautiin ablauteihin
      adessive ablautilla ablauteilla
      ablative ablautilta ablauteilta
      allative ablautille ablauteille
      essive ablautina ablauteina
      translative ablautiksi ablauteiksi
      abessive ablautitta ablauteitta
      instructive ablautein
      comitative See the possessive forms below.
      Possessive forms of ablaut (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
      first-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative ablautini ablautini
      accusative nom. ablautini ablautini
      gen. ablautini
      genitive ablautini ablautieni
      partitive ablautiani ablautejani
      inessive ablautissani ablauteissani
      elative ablautistani ablauteistani
      illative ablautiini ablauteihini
      adessive ablautillani ablauteillani
      ablative ablautiltani ablauteiltani
      allative ablautilleni ablauteilleni
      essive ablautinani ablauteinani
      translative ablautikseni ablauteikseni
      abessive ablautittani ablauteittani
      instructive
      comitative ablauteineni
      second-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative ablautisi ablautisi
      accusative nom. ablautisi ablautisi
      gen. ablautisi
      genitive ablautisi ablautiesi
      partitive ablautiasi ablautejasi
      inessive ablautissasi ablauteissasi
      elative ablautistasi ablauteistasi
      illative ablautiisi ablauteihisi
      adessive ablautillasi ablauteillasi
      ablative ablautiltasi ablauteiltasi
      allative ablautillesi ablauteillesi
      essive ablautinasi ablauteinasi
      translative ablautiksesi ablauteiksesi
      abessive ablautittasi ablauteittasi
      instructive
      comitative ablauteinesi
      first-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative ablautimme ablautimme
      accusative nom. ablautimme ablautimme
      gen. ablautimme
      genitive ablautimme ablautiemme
      partitive ablautiamme ablautejamme
      inessive ablautissamme ablauteissamme
      elative ablautistamme ablauteistamme
      illative ablautiimme ablauteihimme
      adessive ablautillamme ablauteillamme
      ablative ablautiltamme ablauteiltamme
      allative ablautillemme ablauteillemme
      essive ablautinamme ablauteinamme
      translative ablautiksemme ablauteiksemme
      abessive ablautittamme ablauteittamme
      instructive
      comitative ablauteinemme
      second-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative ablautinne ablautinne
      accusative nom. ablautinne ablautinne
      gen. ablautinne
      genitive ablautinne ablautienne
      partitive ablautianne ablautejanne
      inessive ablautissanne ablauteissanne
      elative ablautistanne ablauteistanne
      illative ablautiinne ablauteihinne
      adessive ablautillanne ablauteillanne
      ablative ablautiltanne ablauteiltanne
      allative ablautillenne ablauteillenne
      essive ablautinanne ablauteinanne
      translative ablautiksenne ablauteiksenne
      abessive ablautittanne ablauteittanne
      instructive
      comitative ablauteinenne
      third-person possessor
      singular plural
      nominative ablautinsa ablautinsa
      accusative nom. ablautinsa ablautinsa
      gen. ablautinsa
      genitive ablautinsa ablautiensa
      partitive ablautiaan
      ablautiansa
      ablautejaan
      ablautejansa
      inessive ablautissaan
      ablautissansa
      ablauteissaan
      ablauteissansa
      elative ablautistaan
      ablautistansa
      ablauteistaan
      ablauteistansa
      illative ablautiinsa ablauteihinsa
      adessive ablautillaan
      ablautillansa
      ablauteillaan
      ablauteillansa
      ablative ablautiltaan
      ablautiltansa
      ablauteiltaan
      ablauteiltansa
      allative ablautilleen
      ablautillensa
      ablauteilleen
      ablauteillensa
      essive ablautinaan
      ablautinansa
      ablauteinaan
      ablauteinansa
      translative ablautikseen
      ablautiksensa
      ablauteikseen
      ablauteiksensa
      abessive ablautittaan
      ablautittansa
      ablauteittaan
      ablauteittansa
      instructive
      comitative ablauteineen
      ablauteinensa

      Hungarian

      Etymology

      Borrowed from German Ablaut (ablaut).[1]

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈɒblɒut]
      • Rhymes: -ut
      • Hyphenation: ab‧laut[2]
      • Syllabification: ab‧la‧ut

      Noun

      ablaut (plural ablautok)

      1. (phonology) ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)
        Synonyms: apofónia, tőhangváltás, tőhangváltozás, tőhangzóváltás, tőhangzóváltozás

      Declension

      Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
      singular plural
      nominative ablaut ablautok
      accusative ablautot ablautokat
      dative ablautnak ablautoknak
      instrumental ablauttal ablautokkal
      causal-final ablautért ablautokért
      translative ablauttá ablautokká
      terminative ablautig ablautokig
      essive-formal ablautként ablautokként
      essive-modal
      inessive ablautban ablautokban
      superessive ablauton ablautokon
      adessive ablautnál ablautoknál
      illative ablautba ablautokba
      sublative ablautra ablautokra
      allative ablauthoz ablautokhoz
      elative ablautból ablautokból
      delative ablautról ablautokról
      ablative ablauttól ablautoktól
      non-attributive
      possessive – singular
      ablauté ablautoké
      non-attributive
      possessive – plural
      ablautéi ablautokéi
      Possessive forms of ablaut
      possessor single possession multiple possessions
      1st person sing. ablautom ablautjaim
      2nd person sing. ablautod ablautjaid
      3rd person sing. ablautja ablautjai
      1st person plural ablautunk ablautjaink
      2nd person plural ablautotok ablautjaitok
      3rd person plural ablautjuk ablautjaik

      References

      1. ^ István Tótfalusi (2005), Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára [A Storehouse of Foreign Words: An Explanatory and Etymological Dictionary of Foreign Words], Budapest: Tinta, →ISBN
      2. ^ Krisztina Laczkó, Attila Mártonfi (2006), Helyesírás [Orthography], Budapest: Osiris Kiadó, →ISBN, page 426

      Indonesian

      Etymology

        Borrowed from German Ablaut (sound gradation).

        Pronunciation

        • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /aˈblaut/ [aˈbla.ʊt̪̚]
        • Rhymes: -aut
        • Syllabification: a‧bla‧ut

        Noun

        ablaut

        1. ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)

        See also

        Further reading

        Portuguese

        Etymology

          From German Ablaut.

          Noun

          ablaut m (plural ablauts)

          1. (linguistics) ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)

          Further reading

          Romanian

          Etymology

            Borrowed from German Ablaut.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /ˈablawt/
            • Rhymes: -ablawt
            • Hyphenation: áb‧laut

            Noun

            ablaut n (plural ablauturi)

            1. ablaut
              Synonym: apofonie

            Declension

            singular plural
            indefinite definite indefinite definite
            nominative-accusative ablaut ablautul ablauturi ablauturile
            genitive-dative ablaut ablautului ablauturi ablauturilor
            vocative ablautule ablauturilor

            Further reading

            Serbo-Croatian

            Etymology

              Borrowed from German Ablaut.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /ǎblaut/

              Noun

              àblaut m inan (Cyrillic spelling а̀блаут)

              1. (linguistics) ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)
                Synonyms: prévoj, prijévoj

              Declension

              Declension of ablaut
              singular plural
              nominative àblaut ablauti
              genitive ablauta ablauta
              dative ablautu ablautima
              accusative ablaut ablaute
              vocative ablaute ablauti
              locative ablautu ablautima
              instrumental ablautom ablautima

              Further reading

              • ablaut”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026