-hede
Middle English
Alternative forms
- -had, -hade, -hod, -hode, -hood, -hoode, -hoþ, -hot, -hote, -ood, -wood (from -hād)
- -ed, -ede, -hed, -heed, -hiede, -hyede (from *-hǣd/*-hǣdu)
Etymology
From Old English *-hǣd/*-hǣdu, -hād, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, *-haidi, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Compare hod.
If the reconstruction *-hǣd rather than *-hǣdu is adopted for the ancestor of forms with /ɛ̝ː/, the final vowel in their reflexes would have to be levelled from the Old English oblique cases. Since dative -hāde would probably form an insufficient basis for levelling, this vowel was presumably extended to forms descending from -hād. The 15th-century presence of /oː/ rather than expected /ɔ̝ː/ in such forms is perhaps due to low stress;[1][2] compare a similar change in two and who due to the influence of preceding /w/.
Pronunciation
- (from *-hǣd) IPA(key): /-hɛ̝ːd(ə)/
- (from -hād) IPA(key): /-hɔ̝ːd(ə)/, (Early Middle English) /-hɑːd(ə)/, (Northern) /-haːd/, (Late Middle English) /-hoːd/
Suffix
-hede
- Affixed to nouns and adjectives to form nouns denoting position, quality, state, condition or collectivity.[3]
Derived terms
Middle English terms suffixed with -hede
Descendants
See also
References
- ^ Jordan, Richard (1974), Eugene Crook, transl., Handbook of the Middle English Grammar: Phonology (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 218)[1], The Hague: Mouton & Co. N.V., , § 45, page 75.
- ^ Luick, Karl (1914-1921), Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache[2], Erster Band, I. Abteilung, Leipzig: Chr. Herm. Tauchnitz, published 1921, →OCLC, § 370, page 363.
- ^ “-hed(e, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 June 2018.