torvus

torvus

Latin

Etymology

    From the same root as Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”), Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Welsh tarfu (“to scare away”), which may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    torvus (feminine torva, neuter torvum, adverb torviter); first/second-declension adjective

    1. savage, fierce, harsh, stern
      Synonyms: trux, saevus, truculentus, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, acerbus, sevērus
    2. pitiless, grim

    Declension

    First/second-declension adjective.

    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative torvus torva torvum torvī torvae torva
    genitive torvī torvae torvī torvōrum torvārum torvōrum
    dative torvō torvae torvō torvīs
    accusative torvum torvam torvum torvōs torvās torva
    ablative torvō torvā torvō torvīs
    vocative torve torva torvum torvī torvae torva

    Descendants

    • French: torve
    • Italian: torvo
    • Portuguese: torvo
    • Spanish: torvo

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “torvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625

    Further reading

    • “torvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “torvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “torvus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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