robus

Latin

Etymology 1

Uncertain. According to Sihler, the term may be a borrowing from Umbrian, where—unlike Latin—the regular outcome of Proto-Italic *-ew- or *-ow- was ō.^[1] De Vaan suggests that the term ultimately derives from Proto-Italic *rouðos, though he suggests that the long ō is probably a dialectal feature.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈroː.bʊs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈrɔː.bus]

Adjective

rōbus (feminine rōba, neuter rōbum); first/second-declension adjective

(chiefly of cattle) red
- 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum 2.8:
  qui gregem armentorum emere vult, observare debet primum, ut sint eae pecudes aetate potius ad fructos ferendos integrae quam iam expartae; ut sint bene conpositae, [...] colore potissimum nigro, deinde rōbeō, tertio helvo, quarto albo: mollissimus enim hic, ut durissimus primus. de mediis duobus prior quam posterior in eo prior, utrique plures quam nigri et albi.
  1937 translation by W. D. Hooper and H. B. Ash
  One who wishes to buy a herd of cattle should be careful to have animals of such an age that they are sound for bearing calves rather than those which have already reached the age of barrenness. They should be well formed, [...]. The best colour is black, next red, then dun, and then white; for those of the last mentioned colour are most delicate, and those of the first most hardy. Of the other two colours the first is preferable to the second, while both are more common than the black and the white.
- c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione:
  Robum rubro colore et quasi rufo significari, ut bovem quoque rustici appellant, manifestum est.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular			plural
nominative	rōbus	rōba	rōbum	rōbī	rōbae	rōba
genitive	rōbī	rōbae	rōbī	rōbōrum	rōbārum	rōbōrum
dative	rōbō	rōbae	rōbō	rōbīs
accusative	rōbum	rōbam	rōbum	rōbōs	rōbās	rōba
ablative	rōbō	rōbā	rōbō	rōbīs
vocative	rōbe	rōba	rōbum	rōbī	rōbae	rōba

Derived terms

Noun

rōbus m (genitive rōbī); second declension

a kind of wheat

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	rōbus	rōbī
genitive	rōbī	rōbōrum
dative	rōbō	rōbīs
accusative	rōbum	rōbōs
ablative	rōbō	rōbīs
vocative	rōbe	rōbī

Etymology 2

Noun

rōbus n (genitive rōboris); third declension

(rare) alternative form of rōbur (“oak tree; hardness; strength”)

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	rōbus	rōbora
genitive	rōboris	rōborum
dative	rōborī	rōboribus
accusative	rōbus	rōbora
ablative	rōbore	rōboribus
vocative	rōbus	rōbora

References

^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 141
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rōbus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525

“robus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
robus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
“robus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“rōbus” on page 1828 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Latvian

Noun

robus m

accusative plural of robs

[1] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 141

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rōbus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525

[1]

[2]