qd
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): (infinitive) /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼoːtʼ/
Verb
2-lit.
- (transitive) to build
Inflection
Conjugation of qd (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: qd, geminated stem: qdd
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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qd
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qdw, qd
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qdt
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qd, j.qd
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qd, j.qd
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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qd
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ḥr qd
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m qd
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r qd
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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qd.n
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qdw, qd
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consecutive
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qd.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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qdt
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| perfective3
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qd
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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qd.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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qd, j.qd1
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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qd
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qdd
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potentialis1
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qd.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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qd, j.qd1
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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qd.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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qd
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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qd
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qdd, qddj6, qd2, qdw2 5, qdy2 5
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| imperfective
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j.qd1, qd, qdy, qdw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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j.qd1, j.qdw1 5, qd, qdj6, qdy6
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qd, qdw5
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| prospective
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qd, qdtj7
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—
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qdtj4, qdt4
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1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qd
Derived terms
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
Noun
m
- form
- character, nature
- extent
Inflection
Declension of qd (masculine)
| singular
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qd
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| dual
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qdwj
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| plural
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qdw
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qd
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 35, 232, 391.
- Hoch, James (1997), Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
- "qd (to build)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162420); "qd (form)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162430)
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