putus

• poetoes (1901–1947)

• From Malay putus, from Classical Malay putus, from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?].
• Semantic loan from English break up for sense “break up”.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈputus/ [ˈpu.t̪ʊs]
• Rhymes: -utus
• Syllabification: pu‧tus

putus (comparative lebih putus, superlative paling putus)

1. cut off
2. shortened

putus

1. to break off

   putus kontrak ― contract termination

2. to be spent, to be depleted

   Synonym: habis

3. to end

   Synonyms: berakhir, rampung, selesai

4. to lose

   Synonym: hilang

   putus asa ― despair, lit. losing hope

5. to win

   Synonyms: menang, mendapat

6. (figurative) to end a relationship; break up

   ... jadi kita putus ― ... so we broke up

• “putus”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Uncertain. Potentially from earlier *ph₁u-tós or *ph₂u-tós,^[1] alternatively from *puHtós if pretonic shortening ("Dybo's law") affected words of this shape (however, Schrijver argues that such shortening in Latin was likely restricted to cases where a liquid followed the vowel, citing invītus as counterevidence^[2]). Zair doubts that Schrijver is correct to distinguish between outcomes of preconsonantal *CHu- and *CuH-, arguing that *CHu- probably became *CuH- by metathesis already in Proto-Indo-European.^[3]

Based on the meaning of the derived verb putō, the original sense of the adjective is assumed to have been "cut"^[4] or "cut off".^[1] Schrijver proposes this developed along the lines of "pruned" > "cleansed" > "clean, pure".

• Possibly from a root *peh₂w- (“to hit, strike”) shared with paviō (“to beat, strike”) and Ancient Greek παίω (paíō). De Vaan cites Janda 2000, who postulates that *peh₂w- was extended from an earlier root *peh₂-, and that pūrus (“pure”) and Proto-Indo-European *puHrós (“wheat/a type of grain”) are also cognate.^[5][6] The "strike" root has alternatively been reconstructed as going back to an earlier *pyeh₂w-.^[7]
• In contrast, Schrijver derives putus from earlier *ph₁u-tós, from a root *peh₁w- (“to cut”), distinct both from the root of paviō (which Schriver derives from *peh₂w- (“to hit, strike”)^[8]) and from the root of pūrus (which Schrijver derives from *puh₂-, from a root *ph₂u- related to the PIE word for fire^[4] (see *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”). Schrijver rejects the comparison of Latin putus and Sanskrit पूत (pūtá).^[4]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpʊ.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpuː.tus]

putus (feminine puta, neuter putum); first/second-declension adjective (rare)

1. pure

   Synonym: pūrus

   Antonym: impūrus

   • 1st century BCE, P. Alfenus Varus, Aulus Gellius' Noctes Atticae 7.5.1:

     In foedere quod inter populum Rōmānum et Carthāginiēnsēs factum est, scrīptum invenītur, ut Carthāginiēnsēs quotannīs populō Rōmānō darent certum pondus argentī pūrī putī, quaesītumque est, quid esset pūrum putum. respondī ego putum esse valdē pūrum.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

First/second-declension adjective.

Earlier conjecture/variant reading in Pseudo-Virgil's Catalepton, where more recent editions read Pothus (“Desire”), i.e. personified Ancient Greek πόθος (póthos).^[9] The word would match the base form of pusillus, putillus (see the former for details) as well as a number of Italic and Indo-European cognates. For this reason it has found a circulation in etymological works and is included as a headword by De Vaan,^[10] but the single attestation is spurious, making this a ghost word. See Proto-Italic *putlos and Latin puer, pūsus, pullus.

putus m (genitive putī); second declension

2. (hapax legomenon, conjecture) a boy

   Synonyms: puellus, puerulus, pūsus, pūsiō, pusillus, puer

3. (Vulgar Latin, slang, vulgar) whore, manwhore, prostitute, bitch

• putillus

• Portuguese: puto
• Italian: putto
• Galician: puto
• Catalan: puto
• Spanish: puto
• French: pute, putain

• “putus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “putus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "putus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “putus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “putus” in volume 10, part 2, column 2780, line 38 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present

Inherited from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?] (compare Fijian mudu, Māori mutu).

• (Standard Southern Peninsula) IPA^(key): /ˈputos/ [ˈpu.t̪os]
  • Rhymes: -utos, -os
• (Standard Literary) IPA^(key): /ˈputus/ [ˈpu.t̪us]
  • Rhymes: -utus, -us
• Hyphenation: pu‧tus

putus (Jawi spelling ڤوتوس, comparative lebih putus, superlative paling putus)

1. cut off
2. shortened

putus (Jawi spelling ڤوتوس)

1. to cut off
2. (figurative) to break up a relationship

   Synonym: clash (Malaysia, slang)

3. to end
4. to decide

• > Indonesian: putus (inherited)

• "putus" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

• (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /putus/ [pʊˈt̪us]
• Rhymes: -us
• Syllabification: pu‧tus

putus

1. wrapper, wrapping
2. covering

putus

1. to wrap

   Putusa in labban ini.

   Wrap this box.

2. to dip, to coat