prison
English
Etymology
From Middle English prisoun, prison, from Old English prisūn, a borrowing from Old French prison, from Latin prehensiōnem, accusative singular of prehensiō, from the verb prehendō. Doublet of prehension.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɹɪzn̩/, [pʰɹ̠̊ɪzn̩]
- Rhymes: -ɪzən
Noun
prison (countable and uncountable, plural prisons)
- A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.
- Synonyms: bridewell, big house; see also Thesaurus:prison
- Hypernyms: correctional facility, correctional institution
- Hyponyms: panopticon, dungeon
- Coordinate terms: gaol, jail, slammer, hoosegow
The cold stone walls of the prison had stood for over a century.
- (uncountable) Confinement in prison.
- Synonym: imprisonment
Prison was a harrowing experience for him.
- (colloquial, figurative) Any restrictive environment, such as a harsh academy or home.
The academy was a prison for many of its students because of its strict teachers.
Derived terms
Translations
place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes
- Abkhaz: абахҭа (abaxta)
- Adzera: karabus
- Afrikaans: tronk (af), gevangenis (af)
- Albanian: burg (sq) m
- Altai:
- Southern Altai: тӱрме (türme)
- Amharic: ከርቼሌ (kärčele), ዘብጥያ (zäbṭəya)
- Arabic: سِجْن (ar) m (sijn)
- Egyptian Arabic: سجن m (sign)
- Hijazi Arabic: سِجِن m (sijin)
- Moroccan Arabic: حبْس m (ḥəbs)
- South Levantine Arabic: سِجِن m (síjen)
- Aramaic: ܚܒܘܫܝܐ
- Armenian: բանտ (hy) (bant)
- Aromanian: ncljisoari f, hapsi, hãpsani, filichii, zundani, pudrumi
- Asturian: cárcel f, prisión f
- Avar: турма (turma)
- Azerbaijani: türmə, həbsxana
- Bashkir: төрмә (törmə)
- Basque: espetxe
- Belarusian: турма́ f (turmá), цямні́ца f (cjamníca), астро́г m (astróh)
- Bengali: কারাগার (bn) (karagar)
- Breton: prizon (br) m
- Bulgarian: затво́р (bg) m (zatvór), дранго́лник (bg) m (drangólnik), тъмни́ца (bg) f (tǎmníca), тюрма́ (bg) f (tjurmá), занда́н (bg) m (zandán)
- Burmese: အကျဉ်းထောင် (my) (a.kyany:htaung), ထောင် (my) (htaung)
- Catalan: presó (ca) f, càrcer (ca) m, presidi m
- Cebuano: bilanggoan, prisohan
- Chechen: набахти (nabaxti)
- Cherokee: ᏗᏓᏍᏚᏗ (didasdudi)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 監獄 / 监狱 (gaam1 juk6), 牢獄 / 牢狱 (lou4 juk6), 監牢 / 监牢 (gaam1 lou4)
- Dungan: йүҗян (yüži͡an), банфонзы (banfonzɨ)
- Hakka: 監獄 / 监狱 (kâm-ngiu̍k), 監牢 / 监牢 (kâm-lò), 囹仔 (lông-é)
- Hokkien: 監牢 / 监牢 (kaⁿ-lô), 監獄 / 监狱 (zh-min-nan) (kaⁿ-ga̍k), 櫳仔 / 栊仔 (lông-á), 櫳仔內 / 栊仔内 (lông-á-lāi)
- Mandarin: 監獄 / 监狱 (zh) (jiānyù), 牢獄 / 牢狱 (zh) (láoyù), 監牢 / 监牢 (zh) (jiānláo), 班房 (zh) (bānfáng)
- Wu: 監獄 / 监狱 (1ke-gnioq)
- Chuvash: тӗрме (tĕrme)
- Coptic: ϣⲧⲉⲕⲟ m (šteko), ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ f (kerousia)
- Cornish: prison m
- Corsican: prigione, prigiò, prighjò, carcere, carcera
- Czech: vězení (cs) n, žalář (cs) m, věznice (cs) f
- Danish: fængsel (da) n
- Dutch: gevangenis (nl) f, kerker (nl) m
- Emilian: please add this translation if you can
- Esperanto: malliberejo (eo), prizono (eo)
- Estonian: vangla (et)
- Farefare: yʋ'a deem
- Faroese: fongsul n, fangahús n, gegl n
- Finnish: vankila (fi), tyrmä (fi)
- French: prison (fr) f, (slang) cabane (fr) f, geôle (fr) f, pénitencier (fr) m
- Old French: prison f
- Frisian:
- West Frisian: finzenis
- Friulian: please add this translation if you can
- Galician: prisión f, cárcere (gl) m, cadea (gl) f, trenla (gl) f
- Georgian: ციხე (ka) (cixe), საპატიმრო (saṗaṭimro)
- German: Gefängnis (de) n, Knast (de) m (colloquial), Kerker (de) m (slang), Zuchthaus (de) n (dated)
- Bavarian: Häfn m or n
- Greek: φυλακή (el) f (fylakí), δεσμωτήριο (el) n (desmotírio)
- Ancient Greek: δεσμωτήριον n (desmōtḗrion), εἱρκτή f (heirktḗ)
- Greenlandic: parnaarussivik
- Gujarati: તુરંગ (turaṅg)
- Hawaiian: hale paʻahao
- Hebrew: כֶּלֶא (he) m (kéle), בֵּית כֶּלֶא (he) m (bet kéle), בֵּית סֹהַר (he) m (bet sóhar), בֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים m (bet ha'asurím)
- Hiligaynon: bilanggoan
- Hindi: कारागार (hi) m (kārāgār), बन्दीघर (hi) m (bandīghar), जेल (hi) m (jel), क़ैदख़ाना m (qaidxānā)
- Hungarian: börtön (hu)
- Icelandic: fangelsi (is) n
- Ido: karcero (io)
- Ilocano: pagbaludan
- Indonesian: penjara (id), bui (id)
- Ingrian: tyrmä
- Irish: príosún (ga) m, carcair f
- Italian: prigione (it) f, carcere (it) m, fresco (it) m
- Japanese: 監獄 (ja) (かんごく, kangoku), 刑務所 (ja) (けいむしょ, keimusho), 牢屋 (ja) (ろうや, rōya), 牢 (ja) (ろう, rō)
- Jarai: sang krư̆, sang mơnă
- Kannada: ಜೈಲು (kn) (jailu)
- Kazakh: түрме (türme), абақты (abaqty)
- Khmer: គុក (km) (kuk), ពន្ធនាគារ (km) (pŏəntɔniəkiə)
- Kituba: boloko
- Kongo: boloko
- Korean: 교도소(矯導所) (ko) (gyodoso), 교화소(敎化所) (ko) (gyohwaso) (North Korea), 감옥(監獄) (ko) (gamok), 형무소(刑務所) (hyeongmuso)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: بەندیخانە (bendîxane), گرتوخانە (girtuxane), زندان (zindan)
- Northern Kurdish: girtîgeh (ku) f, zindan (ku)
- Kyrgyz: түрмө (ky) (türmö), абак (ky) (abak)
- Lao: ຄຸກ (lo) (khuk), ເຮືອນຈຳກາງ (hư̄an cham kāng), ພັນທະນາຄານ (phan tha nā khān), ຕະລາງ (ta lāng), ໂຮງຣາຊທັນ (hōng rāt than)
- Latin: carcer m
- Latvian: cietums m
- Ligurian: prexon f
- Lingala: boloko
- Lithuanian: kalėjimas m
- Livonian: vizākuodā
- Lombard: presón m
- Luxembourgish: Prisong (lb) m
- Macedonian: затвор (mk) m (zatvor), зандана f (zandana)
- Malay: penjara (ms)
- Malayalam: കാരാഗൃഹം (ml) (kārāgr̥haṁ), ജയില് (jayilŭ), തുറുങ്ക് (ml) (tuṟuṅkŭ)
- Maltese: ħabs m
- Manx: pryssoon
- Māori: whare herehere
- Marathi: तुरुंग (mr) (turuṅga)
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: шорон (mn) (šoron), гяндан (mn) (gjandan), хар гэр (xar ger)
- Moore: bãens-roogo, bi-bees roogo
- Navajo: awáalya
- Neapolitan: please add this translation if you can
- Nepali: थाना (thānā)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: fengsel (no) n
- Nynorsk: fengsel n
- Occitan: preson (oc) f, càrcer (oc) m
- Ojibwe: gibaakwa'odiiwigamig
- Okinawan: 監獄 (かんぐく, kanguku), 牢屋 (るーや, rūya), 牢 (るー, rū)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: тьмьница f (tĭmĭnica), острогъ m (ostrogŭ)
- Old East Slavic: тюрма f (tjurma), тьмьница f (tĭmĭnica), острогъ m (ostrogŭ)
- Old English: cweartern n, carcern n
- Oromo: mana hidhaa
- Ossetian: ахӕстон (axæston)
- Pannonian Rusyn: гарешт m (harešt), цемнїца f (cemnjica)
- Pashto: زندان (ps) m (zendān), اړتون (ps) m (aṛtun), بنديخانه f (bandixāna), جېل (ps) m (jel), جېلخانه f (jelxāna), قيدخانه (ps) f (qaydxāna), محبس m (mahbas)
- Persian:
- Dari: زِنْدَان (zindān)
- Iranian Persian: زِنْدان (zendân)
- Piedmontese: përzon f
- Plautdietsch: Kjarkja m, Jefenkjniss n
- Polish: więzienie (pl) n, pierdel (pl) m (colloquial)
- Portuguese: prisão (pt) f, cadeia (pt) f, cárcere (pt) m, xadrez (pt) m (slang, Brazil), xilindró (pt) m (colloquial, Brazil)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ f (jelh), ਬੰਦੀਖਾਨਾ m (bandīkhānā), ਬੰਦੀਖ਼ਾਨਾ m (bandīxānā), ਕੈਦਖਾਨਾ m (kaidkhānā), ਕੈਦਖ਼ਾਨਾ m (kaidxānā)
- Quechua: laqha wasi
- Romagnol: parṣôn f
- Romanian: închisoare (ro), pușcărie (ro), temniță (ro)
- Romansh: praschun f
- Russian: тюрьма́ (ru) f (tjurʹmá), темни́ца (ru) f (temníca) (dated), остро́г (ru) m (ostróg) (dated), куту́зка (ru) f (kutúzka) (slang), катала́жка (ru) f (katalážka) (slang), тюря́га (ru) f (tjurjága) (slang), зо́на (ru) f (zóna) (slang), казема́т (ru) m (kazemát) (dated, low colloquial)
- Sami:
- Northern Sami: fáŋgal, ladni
- Sanskrit: कारागृह (sa) n (kārāgṛha), कारागार (sa) n (kārāgāra)
- Scots: preeson
- Scottish Gaelic: prìosan m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: за́твор m, та̀мница f
- Latin: zátvor (sh) m, tàmnica (sh) m
- Sinhalese: සිරගෙදර (siragedara)
- Slovak: väznica (sk) f, väzenie n, žalár (sk) m
- Slovene: zapor (sl) m, ječa f
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: popajźeństwo n
- Upper Sorbian: jastwo
- Spanish: cárcel (es) f, prisión (es) f, penitenciaría (es) f, chirona (es) f (colloquial), trullo (es) (colloquial), talego (es) (Spain, colloquial), presidio (es) m
- Svan: დჷლიგ (dəlig)
- Swahili: jela (sw), gereza (sw) class 5/6
- Swedish: fängelse (sv) n
- Tagalog: bilangguan, piitan
- Tajik: зиндон (tg) (zindon)
- Tamil: சிறை (ta) (ciṟai), சிறைச்சாலை (ta) (ciṟaiccālai)
- Tatar: төрмә (tt) (törmä)
- Telugu: జైలు (te) (jailu), కారాగారం (te) (kārāgāraṁ)
- Thai: คุก (th) (kúk), กรงขัง (th) (grong-kǎng), เรือนจำ (th) (rʉʉan-jam), พันธนาคาร (pan-tá-naa-kaan), ทัณฑสถาน (th) (tan-tá-sà-tǎan)
- Tibetan: བཙོན་ཁང (btson khang)
- Tigrinya: ቤት ማእሰርቲ (bet maʾsärti)
- Tocharian B: prautke
- Tok Pisin: kalabus
- Turkish: hapis (tr), hapishane (tr), cezaevi (tr)
- Ottoman Turkish: حبسخانه (hapshane, hapishane), زندان (zındân, zindân); طومروق (tomruk) (figuratively),
- Turkmen: türme
- Tuvan: кара-бажың (kara-bajıñ)
- Ukrainian: в'язни́ця (uk) f (vʺjaznýcja), тюрма́ (uk) f (tjurmá), темни́ця f (temnýcja), остро́г (uk) m (ostróh)
- Urdu: زِنْدان m (zindān), قَید خانَہ m (qaid xāna), جیل m (jel)
- Uyghur: تۈرمە (türme), قاماقخانا (qamaqxana)
- Uzbek: turma (uz), qamoqxona (uz)
- Venetan: presón f
- Vietnamese: tù (vi), nhà tù (vi)
- Volapük: fanäböp (vo)
- Walloon: prijhon (wa) m or f
- Welsh: carchar (cy) m
- Yiddish: טורמע f (turme), תּפֿיסה f (tfise)
- Yonaguni: 牢屋 (どぅや, duya)
- Zhuang: banfuengz, gam, lauz, fuengz
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confinement in a prison
- Bashkir: төрмә (törmə)
- Czech: věznění n, uvěznění n
- Danish: fængsling c, indespærring c, fængselsstraf (da) c, frihedsstraf c (formal), hæfte n (up to six months in an open prison), hæftestraf (da) c (up to six months in an open prison)
- Finnish: vankeus (fi), vankeusrangaistus (fi)
- French: prison (fr) f
- German: Haft (de) f, Gefangenschaft (de) f
- Greek: φυλάκιση (el) f (fylákisi), κάθειρξη (el) f (kátheirxi)
- Ido: karcero (io)
- Italian: prigione (it) f, carcere (it) m
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: fengsel (no) n
- Polish: więzienie (pl) n
- Portuguese: cárcere (pt) m
- Russian: тюре́мное заключе́ние n (tjurémnoje zaključénije), заточе́ние в тюрьму́ n (zatočénije v tjurʹmú), тюрьма́ (ru) f (tjurʹmá), срок (ru) m (srok)
- Slovak: uväznenie n, väznenie n
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: popajźeństwo n
- Spanish: prisión (es) f, presidio (es) m
- Volapük: fanäbam (vo)
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Verb
prison (third-person singular simple present prisons, present participle prisoning, simple past and past participle prisoned)
- (transitive) To imprison.
Translations
Further reading
- “prison”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French prison, inherited from Latin prehēnsiōnem, from prehendō. Doublet of préhension.
Pronunciation
Noun
prison f (plural prisons)
- prison
- Synonyms: emprisonnement, taule, geôle, enclos
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
Anagrams
Haitian Creole
Etymology
From French prison (“prison”).
Pronunciation
Noun
prison
- prison
Middle English
Noun
prison
- alternative form of prisoun
Norman
Etymology
From Old French prison, from Latin prehensiō, prehensiōnem (“seizing, apprehending, arresting, capturing”).
Noun
prison f (plural prisons)
- (Jersey) prison
Old French
Etymology
From Latin prehensiō, prehensiōnem, from prehendō.
Noun
prison oblique singular, f (oblique plural prisons, nominative singular prison, nominative plural prisons)
- prison
c. 1200, Aucassin et Nicolette:Por vos sui en prison mis dans ce celier sousterin- For you, I have been put in this prison
in this underground cellar
Noun
prison oblique singular, m (oblique plural prisons, nominative singular prisons, nominative plural prison)
- prisoner
Derived terms
Descendants
- Middle French:
- Norman: prison (Jersey)
- → Old English: prisūn
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: prison, priiom, prijon
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Old French prison, from Latin prehēnsiō.
Noun
prison f (plural *prisones)
- prison (place of long-term confinement)
- Synonym: cadea
Descendants
References
- Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2026), “prison”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
- Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “prison”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “prison”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
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