nder
Albanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
First attested in 1555 by Buzuku as ëndēr. Inherited from Common Albanian *əndér, which was part of a small group of consonant-ending feminine nouns, from Proto-Albanian *əndéri-, following i-umlaut from Pre-Proto-Albanian *andári-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)ntóri- (“front, face”), which would appear to be a formation related to *h₂énteros (“other”), i.e. "other side" > "face". Thus, nder may have originally meant "face", before fully meaning "honor", and being replaced in its original sense by fytyrë.[1]
Older theories considered the term a suffixed derivative of ndej (“to stretch out”), i.e. "stretched out" > "widespread fame" > "honor".[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
nder m (plural nderë, definite nderi, definite plural nderët)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | nder | nderi | nderë | nderët |
| accusative | nderin | |||
| dative | nderi | nderit | nderëve | nderëve |
| ablative | nderësh | |||
Derived terms
References
- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021), “nder”, in DPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “nder”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 283
Further reading
- “nder”, in FMGJSH: Fjalor i madh i gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian), 2026
- Newmark, Leonard (1999), “nder”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press
Fula
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Adverb
nder
References
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.