messenger

From Middle English messengere, messingere, messangere, from Old French messanger, a variant of Old French messagier (French messager), equivalent to message +‎ -er. Doublet of messager. Displaced native Old English boda (“messenger, envoy”) and ǣrendraca (“messenger, ambassador”).

For the replacement of -ager with -enger, -inger, -anger, compare passenger, harbinger, scavenger, porringer. This development may have been merely the addition of n, or it may have resulted due to contamination from other suffixes such as Middle English -ing and the rare Old French -ange, -enc, -inge, -inghe (“-ing”) for Old French -age (“-age”).

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmɛs.ən.d͡ʒɚ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈmɛs.ən.d͡ʒə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mes‧sen‧ger

messenger (plural messengers)

1. One who brings messages.
2. The secretary bird.
3. The supporting member of an aerial cable (electric power or telephone or data).
4. (law) A person appointed to perform certain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolvent laws, such as to take charge of the estate of the bankrupt or insolvent.
   • (Can we date this quote?), James Burrow, Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench:

     The Messenger under the joint Commission of Bankruptcy might have seized the Whole, if they had remained in their Warehouse

5. (computing) An instant messenger program.
   • 2006, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Sexual exploitation of children over the Internet, page 395:

     The 4 primary messengers include ^[sic] AOL Instant Messenger, ICQ, Yahoo! Messenger, and MSN Messenger.

   • 2010, Tim Collins, A Woman's Guide to Internet Dating, A Male Perspective, page 49:

     Have them meet you on your favorite messenger program. IMs provide a means of instant chat without waiting on someone to respond back to you.

6. (figurative) A forerunner or harbinger.

   a messenger of doom

7. A light scudding cloud preceding a storm.
8. A piece of paper, etc., blown up a string to a kite.
9. (nautical) A light line with which a heavier line may be hauled e.g. from the deck of a ship to the pier.
10. (oceanography) A weight dropped down a line to close a Nansen bottle.
11. (Scotland) A messenger-at-arms.
12. (bowling) A pin which travels across the pin deck to knock over another pin, usually for a strike.

messenger (third-person singular simple present messengers, present participle messengering, simple past and past participle messengered)

1. (transitive) To send something by messenger.

   I'll messenger over the signed documents.

• messinger

From Old French messagier.

messenger (plural messengers)

1. messenger

• corbie messenger

• “mesinger, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 20 May 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
• “messenger, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 20 May 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.