ith

ith

See also: i'th', iþ, ið, -ið, and íð

English

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
English i
English -th
English ith

    From i + -th (ordinal suffix).

    Alternative forms

    • ith
    • Sometimes written as i'th or i-th

    Pronunciation

    • (UK, US) IPA(key): /aɪθ/, [aɪ̯θ]
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Rhymes: -aɪθ

    Adjective

    ith (not comparable)

    1. (mathematics) Occurring at position i in a sequence.
    Translations

    Etymology 2

    From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    ith (plural iths)

    1. The letter having an appearance like ⟨(⟩, which stands for the th sound (/θ/) in Pitman shorthand.

    Anagrams

    Albanian

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [iθ]

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Albanian *its, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs (“from, out of”). Related to Lithuanian i̇̀š, Latvian iz and Old Prussian is. The change in meaning is a part of the wider sematic shift of prepositions (see nga); the old meaning is preserved in the prefix sh- (partially influenced by a homonymous prefix of Latin origin continuing Latin dis-).[1]

    Adverb

    ith

    1. (obsolete) behind

    Verb

    ith (aorist itha, participle ithur)

    1. to follow someone
    Conjugation
    Standard Albanian conjugation of ith (active voice)

    • Show compound tenses:  

    participle ithur
    gerund duke ithur
    infinitive për të ithur
    singular plural
    1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
    indicative present ith ith ith ithim ithni ithin
    imperfect ithja ithje ithte ithnim ithnit ithnin
    aorist itha ithe ithi ithëm ithët ithën
    perfect kam ithur ke ithur ka ithur kemi ithur keni ithur kanë ithur
    past perfect kisha ithur kishe ithur kishte ithur kishim ithur kishit ithur kishin ithur
    aorist II pata ithur pate ithur pati ithur patëm ithur patët ithur patën ithur
    future1 do të ith do të ithësh do të ithë do të ithim do të ithni do të ithin
    future perfect2 do të kem ithur do të kesh ithur do të ketë ithur do të kemi ithur do të keni ithur do të kenë ithur
    subjunctive present të ith të ithësh të ithë të ithim të ithni të ithin
    imperfect të ithja të ithje të ithte të ithnim të ithnit të ithnin
    perfect të kem ithur të kesh ithur të ketë ithur të kemi ithur të keni ithur të kenë ithur
    past perfect të kisha ithur të kishe ithur të kishte ithur të kishim ithur të kishit ithur të kishin ithur
    conditional1, 2 imperfect do të ithja do të ithje do të ithte do të ithnim do të ithnit do të ithnin
    past perfect do të kisha ithur do të kishe ithur do të kishte ithur do të kishim ithur do të kishit ithur do të kishin ithur
    optative present ithsha ithsh ithtë ithshim ithshi ithshin
    perfect paça ithur paç ithur pastë ithur paçim ithur paçit ithur paçin ithur
    admirative present ithkam ithke ithka ithkemi ithkeni ithkan
    imperfect ithkësha ithkëshe ithkësh ithkëshim ithkëshit ithkëshin
    perfect paskam ithur paske ithur paska ithur paskemi ithur paskeni ithur paskan ithur
    past perfect paskësha ithur paskëshe ithur paskësh ithur paskëshim ithur paskëshit ithur paskëshin ithur
    imperative present — ith — — ithni —
    1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

    Etymology 2

    From the same root as ethe (“fever”) with the usual e:i alteration. See there for more details.[2]

    Noun

    ith m (definite ithi)

    1. ground warmth
    2. body warmth, fervor
      Synonyms: afsh, zjarrmi

    References

    1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ith”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
    2. ^ Çabej, E. (1987), “cekë”, in Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes (in Albanian), volumes III: C–D, Tirana, page 17

    Further reading

    • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[1], 1980

    Irish

    Pronunciation

    Etymology 1

    From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-. The future stem is from Old Irish ·íss, from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸitsāti.

    Verb

    ith (present analytic itheann, future analytic íosfaidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ite)

    1. to eat
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of ith (irregular)
    indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present ithim itheann tú;
    ithir†     		itheann sé, sí ithimid;
    itheann muid     		itheann sibh itheann siad;
    ithid†     		a itheann; a itheas itear
    past d'ith mé; d'itheas /
    ith mé‡; itheas‡     		d'ith tú; d'ithis /
    ith tú‡; ithis‡     		d'ith sé, sí /
    ith sé, sí‡     		d'itheamar; d'ith muid /
    itheamar‡; ith muid‡     		d'ith sibh; d'itheabhair /
    ith sibh‡; itheabhair‡     		d'ith siad; d'itheadar /
    ith siad‡; itheadar‡     		a d'ith itheadh; hitheadh†
    past habitual d'ithinn /
    ithinn‡     		d'iteá /
    iteᇠ    		d'itheadh sé, sí /
    itheadh sé, sí‡     		d'ithimis; d'itheadh muid /
    ithimis‡; itheadh muid‡     		d'itheadh sibh /
    itheadh sibh‡     		d'ithidís; d'itheadh siad /
    ithidís‡; itheadh siad‡     		a d'itheadh d'ití /
    ití‡
    singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    future íosfaidh mé;
    íosfad     		íosfaidh tú;
    íosfair†     		íosfaidh sé, sí íosfaimid;
    íosfaidh muid     		íosfaidh sibh íosfaidh siad;
    íosfaid†     		a íosfaidh, a íosfas íosfar
    conditional d'íosfainn / íosfainn‡ d'íosfá / íosfᇠd'íosfadh sé, sí / íosfadh sé, sí‡ d'íosfaimis; d'íosfadh muid / íosfaimis‡; íosfadh muid‡ d'íosfadh sibh / íosfadh sibh‡ d'íosfaidís; d'íosfadh siad / íosfaidís‡; íosfadh siad‡ a d'íosfadh d'íosfaí / íosfaí‡
    subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present go n-ithe mé;
    go n-ithead†     		go n-ithe tú;
    go n-ithir†     		go n-ithe sé, sí go n-ithimid;
    go n-ithe muid     		go n-ithe sibh go n-ithe siad;
    go n-ithid†     		— go n-itear
    past dá n-ithinn dá n-iteá dá n-itheadh sé, sí dá n-ithimis;
    dá n-itheadh muid     		dá n-itheadh sibh dá n-ithidís; dá n-itheadh siad — dá n-ití
    imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    — ithim ith itheadh sé, sí ithimis ithigí;
    ithidh†     		ithidís — itear
    past participle ite
    verbal noun ithe
    † archaic or dialect form
    ‡ dependent form

    in parts of Munster (e.g. Cape Clear Island, County Clare), the following forms of the past tense are found in addition to the those listed above:
    indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present duas duais duaidh sé, sí duamair duabhair duadar a dhuaidh duadh
    • ioth (“corn, grain”)

    Further reading

    • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
    • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
    • Holmer, Nils M. (1962), The Dialects of Co. Clare, part I, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, page 151
    • Ó Buachalla, Breandán (2003), An Teanga Bheo: Gaeilge Chléire (in Irish), Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, →ISBN, page 82

    Etymology 2

    Noun

    ith f (genitive singular eatha)

    1. alternative form of ioth (“corn, grain”)
    Declension
    Declension of ith (third declension)
    bare forms
    singular plural
    nominative ith —
    vocative a ith —
    genitive eatha —
    dative ith —
    forms with the definite article
    singular plural
    nominative an ith —
    genitive na heatha —
    dative leis an ith —

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of ith
    radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
    ith n-ith hith not applicable

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    1. ^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000), Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 543, page 294/
    2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 136
    3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 345, page 118

    Old Irish

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the same root is derived ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈiθ/

    Noun

    ith n (genitive etho, no plural)

    1. corn, grain
    Declension
    Neuter u-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative ithN — —
    vocative ithN — —
    accusative ithN — —
    genitive ethoH, athoH — —
    dative ithL — —
    Initial mutations of a following adjective:
    • H = triggers aspiration
    • L = triggers lenition
    • N = triggers nasalization
    Descendants
    • Irish: ioth
    • Scottish Gaelic: ioth

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈiθʲ/

    Verb

    ith

    1. second-person singular imperative of ithid

    Mutation

    Mutation of ith
    radical lenition nasalization
    ith
    (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)    		 ith n-ith

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

    Scottish Gaelic

    Etymology

    From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /iç/

    Verb

    ith (past dh'ith, future ithidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ithte)

    1. eat
      Ith do leòr! ― Bon appetit!
      Ith, òl agus bi subhach! ― Eat, drink, and be merry!

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of ith (regular)
    stem ith
    verbal noun ithe
    past participle ithte
    independent dependent
    active passive active passive
    past dh'ith dh'itheadh dh'ith dh'itheadh
    future ithidh ithear
    ithtear     		ith ithear
    ithtear
    conditional 1st singular dh'ithinn dh'ithteadh
    dh'ithist1
    dh'ithiste1     		ithinn ithteadh
    ithist1
    ithiste1
    1st plural dh'itheamaid
    dh'itheadh sinn     		itheamaid
    itheadh sinn
    2nd & 3rd dh'itheadh itheadh
    relative
    future     		dh'itheas dh'ithear
    imperative 1st singular itheam ithear
    ithtear
    2nd singular ith
    3rd singular itheadh
    1st plural itheamaid
    2nd plural ithibh
    3rd plural itheadh

    1 Lewis dialect form

    Combined conjugation of ith (regular)
    stem ith
    verbal noun ithe
    past participle ithte
    singular plural impersonal
    first second third m/f first second third
    independent past dh'ith mi dh'ith thu dh'ith e/i dh'ith sinn dh'ith sibh dh'ith iad dh'itheadh
    future ithidh mi ithidh tu ithidh e/i ithidh sinn ithidh sibh ithidh iad ithear
    ithtear
    conditional dh'ithinn dh'itheadh tu dh'itheadh e/i dh'itheamaid
    dh'itheadh sinn     		dh'itheadh sibh dh'itheadh iad dh'ithteadh
    dh'ithist1
    dh'ithiste1
    negative past cha do dh'ith mi cha do dh'ith thu cha do dh'ith e/i cha do dh'ith sinn cha do dh'ith sibh cha do dh'ith iad cha do dh'itheadh
    future chan ith mi chan ith thu chan ith e/i chan ith sinn chan ith sibh chan ith iad chan ithear
    chan ithtear
    conditional chan ithinn chan itheadh tu chan itheadh e/i chan itheamaid
    chan itheadh sinn     		chan itheadh sibh chan itheadh iad chan ithteadh
    chan ithist1
    chan ithiste1
    affirmative
    interrogative     		past an do dh'ith mi? an do dh'ith thu? an do dh'ith e/i? an do dh'ith sinn? an do dh'ith sibh? an do dh'ith iad? an do dh'itheadh?
    future an ith mi? an ith thu? an ith e/i? an ith sinn? an ith sibh? an ith iad? an ithear?
    an ithtear?
    conditional an ithinn? an itheadh tu? an itheadh e/i? an itheamaid?
    an itheadh sinn?     		an itheadh sibh? an itheadh iad? an ithteadh?
    an ithist?1
    an ithiste?1
    negative
    interrogative     		past nach do dh'ith mi? nach do dh'ith thu? nach do dh'ith e/i? nach do dh'ith sinn? nach do dh'ith sibh? nach do dh'ith iad? nach do dh'itheadh?
    future nach ith mi? nach ith thu? nach ith e/i? nach ith sinn? nach ith sibh? nach ith iad? nach ithear?
    nach ithtear?
    conditional nach ithinn? nach itheadh tu? nach itheadh e/i? nach itheamaid?
    nach itheadh sinn?     		nach itheadh sibh? nach itheadh iad? nach ithteadh?
    nach ithist?1
    nach ithiste?1
    relative
    future     		affirmative (ma) dh'itheas mi (ma) dh'itheas thu (ma) dh'itheas e/i (ma) dh'itheas sinn (ma) dh'itheas sibh (ma) dh'itheas iad (ma) dh'ithear
    negative (mur) ith mi (mur) ith thu (mur) ith e/i (mur) ith sinn (mur) ith sibh (mur) ith iad (mur) ithear
    (mur) ithtear
    imperative itheam ith itheadh e/i itheamaid ithibh itheadh iad ithear
    ithtear

    1 Lewis dialect form

    Derived terms

    References

    • Edward Dwelly (1911), “ith”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
    • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

    Welsh

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Not related to gwenith (“wheat”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /iːθ/
    • Rhymes: -iːθ

    Noun

    ith m (plural ithion or ithau)

    1. (not in science) particle, atom, a grain
      Synonyms: mymryn, gronyn, brot, atom
    2. grain, corn.
      Synonym: gronyn

    Derived terms

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of ith
    radical soft nasal h-prothesis
    ith unchanged unchanged hith

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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