insurger
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin īnsurgere.
Pronunciation
Verb
insurger
- (reflexive) to rise up, to protest (against)
- 2025 July 13, Thomas Ancona-Leger, quoting Jeremy Freitas, “La comédie de boulevard, ou la tante beauf du théâtre ?”, in La Provence, page 5:
- Quand on lui demande ce qu'il pense des critiques liées à la vulgarité de certaines pièces du genre, il s'insurge : “C'est une question de point de vue, comparé à un mec comme [Jean-Marie] Bigard, on est des bisounours.”
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written insurge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of insurger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | insurger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | insurgeant /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | insurgé /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
insurges /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
insurgeons /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
insurgez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/ |
insurgent /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
| imperfect | insurgeais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/ |
insurgeais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/ |
insurgeait /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/ |
insurgions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
insurgiez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒje/ |
insurgeaient /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | insurgeai /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/ |
insurgeas /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/ |
insurgea /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/ |
insurgeâmes /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒam/ |
insurgeâtes /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒat/ |
insurgèrent /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | insurgerai /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
insurgeras /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
insurgera /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
insurgerons /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ |
insurgerez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
insurgeront /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | insurgerais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
insurgerais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
insurgerait /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
insurgerions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
insurgeriez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁje/ |
insurgeraient /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
insurges /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
insurgions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
insurgiez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒje/ |
insurgent /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | insurgeasse /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/ |
insurgeasses /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/ |
insurgeât /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/ |
insurgeassions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
insurgeassiez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa.sje/ |
insurgeassent /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/ |
— | insurgeons /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
insurgez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “insurger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012