gs
See also: Appendix:Variations of "gs"
English
Noun
gs
- plural of g
Usage notes
- Opinions vary regarding the use of apostrophes when forming the plurals of letters of the alphabet. New Fowler’s Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that “after letters an apostrophe is obligatory.” The 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.15, “To aid comprehension, lowercase letters form the plural with an apostrophe and an s”. The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.
Anagrams
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Noun
m
- half [since the early Old Kingdom]
- side [since the Pyramid Texts]
Inflection
Declension of gs (masculine)
| singular
|
gs
|
| dual
|
gswj
|
| plural
|
gsw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gs
Derived terms
Descendants
- Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲟⲥ (jos)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲥ (čas)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲥ (čos)
Verb
2-lit.
- (transitive) to oil, to anoint
Inflection
Conjugation of gs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: gs, geminated stem: gss
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
gs
|
gsw, gs
|
gst
|
gs, j.gs
|
gs, j.gs
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
gs
|
ḥr gs
|
m gs
|
r gs
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
gs.n
|
gsw, gs
|
consecutive
|
gs.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
gst
|
| perfective3
|
gs
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
gs.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
gs, j.gs1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
gs
|
gss
|
potentialis1
|
gs.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
gs, j.gs1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
gs.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
gs
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
gs
|
gss, gssj6, gs2, gsw2 5, gsy2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.gs1, gs, gsy, gsw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.gs1, j.gsw1 5, gs, gsj6, gsy6
|
gs, gsw5
|
| prospective
|
gs, gstj7
|
—
|
gstj4, gst4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 105, 115, 273.
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
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