grg
Translingual
Symbol
grg
- (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Madi.
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Madi terms
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): (noun) /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼə/ → /ˈkʼalkʼ/
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to set in order or prepare (the earth by working it)
- (transitive) to set up, to found, to construct
- 17th Dynasty, The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I:[1]
- ḫr m ḫt grg.n.j pr […]
- Then later, I set up the household […]
- (transitive) to furnish, to equip
Inflection
Conjugation of grg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: grg, geminated stem: grgg
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
|
negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
grg
|
grgw, grg
|
grgt
|
grg
|
grg
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
grg
|
ḥr grg
|
m grg
|
r grg
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
grg.n
|
grgw, grg
|
consecutive
|
grg.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
grgt
|
| perfective3
|
grg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
grg.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
grg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
grg
|
grgg
|
potentialis1
|
grg.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
grg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
grg.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
grg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
grg
|
grg, grgw5, grgy5
|
| imperfective
|
grg, grgy, grgw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
grg, grgj6, grgy6
|
grg, grgw5
|
| prospective
|
grg, grgtj7
|
—
|
grgtj4, grgt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg
Derived terms
Noun
m
- lie, falsehood [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
- Synonym: jzft
- Antonym: mꜣꜥt
- unjust, unfair, or wrong way of thinking
- injustice
Inflection
Declension of grg (masculine)
| singular
|
grg
|
| dual
|
grgwj
|
| plural
|
grgw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg
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|
|
|
|
|
| grg
|
gng
|
grg
|
grk
|
grg
|
| [Middle Kingdom]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
|
|
rare
|
Descendants
- Demotic Egyptian: glk
- Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (čal)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (čal)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (čal)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲗ (čol)
References
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
- James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 215.
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