gana

gana

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gana"

Asturian

Verb

gana

  1. inflection of ganar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Balinese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡanə/
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गगन (gagana, sky).

Noun

gana (Balinese script ᬕᬦ)

  1. sky

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गान (gāna, singing).

Noun

gana (Balinese script ᬕᬵᬦ)

  1. song

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old Javanese gaṇa (host, group; a kind of demi-god; number; a certain military subdivision), from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa).

Noun

gana (Balinese script ᬕᬡ)

  1. count
  2. group

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Old Javanese ghana (cloud), from Sanskrit घन (ghana, compact mass or substance).

Noun

gana (Balinese script ᬖᬦ)

  1. cloud

Breton

Verb

gana

  1. soft mutation of kana

Catalan

Etymology

Unknown, maybe related to Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, to covet)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈɡa.nə]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈɡa.na]
  • Audio (Catalonia):(file)
  • Homophone: Ghana

Noun

gana f (plural ganes)

  1. hunger (desire for food)
  2. (especially in the plural) desire to do something
    tenir ganesto feel like, fancy (literally, “to have desires”)

Further reading

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish gana.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ga‧na
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/ [ˈɡa.n̪ɐ]

Noun

gana

  1. appetite
  2. desire

Verb

gana

  1. to work
  2. to start up

Central Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish ganar (to win).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/ [ˈɡa.n̪a]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Adjective

gána (plural garana, Basahan spelling ᜄᜈ)

  1. victorious; triumphant
    Synonym: daog

Noun

gána (Basahan spelling ᜄᜈ)

  1. win; victory; triumph
    Antonym: daog
  2. appetite
  3. enthusiasm
    Synonym: entusiyasmo
  4. function
    Synonym: andar

Derived terms

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish ganar (to win).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡaˈna/, [ɡaˈna]
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Verb

ganá

  1. to win

Gabadi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡa.na/

Verb

gana

  1. to go
    eganathey (sg.) went
    eganavathey (sg.) are going
    vegana goarena.he will go to the bush.
    Vagana taonina.I will go to town.
    agana robana.I went to the garden.

Conjugation

past (real)
sm + stem
present (real)
sm + stem + -va (pr)
future (irr)
futsm + stem
command (irr)
sm + ma- (irr) + stem
medial
stem + om.posssfx + -nai
positive negative positive negative positive negative positive negative
1sg
a
agana da agana aganava da aganava vagana da vagana amagana da amagana gana’unai
2sg
o
ogana da ogana oganava da oganava vogana da vogana omagana da omagana ganamunai
3sg
e
egana da egana eganava da eganava vegana da vegana emagana da emagana ganananai
1pl.incl
ka
kagana da kagana kaganava da kaganava isagana da isagana kamagana da kamagana ganaganai
1pl.excl
i
igana da igana iganava da iganava vigana da vigana imagana da imagana ganamainai
2pl
u
ugana da ugana uganava da uganava vugana da vugana umagana da umagana ganamuinai
3pl
ge
gegana da gegana geganava da geganava edagana da edagana gemagana da gemagana ganadanai

References

  • Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24). Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created November 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online: [3].
    • "egana" (he/she went), "eganava" (he/she is going), "vegana" (he/she will go), "edagana" (they will go), "isagana" (we (incl.) will go) - p.25
    • "agana" (I went) in example 62 ("Nana agana robana") - p.30
    • "vagana" (I will go) in example 110 ("Vagana taonina") - p.38

Galician

Etymology 1

Attested since 1671. From Spanish gana, maybe from Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, to covet) .[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana̝/

Noun

gana f (plural ganas)

  1. desire to do something; zest
    Synonym: desexo
  2. appetite
    Synonym: apetito
  3. ill will
  4. urge
    Tes gana de mexar?Do you feel the urge to piss?

References

  1. ^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1983–1991), “gana”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Etymology 2

Verb

gana

  1. inflection of ganir:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Gamilaraay

Etymology

Compare Wiradjuri ganang.

Noun

gana

  1. liver

Garo

Verb

gana

  1. to wear

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish gana.

Noun

gana

  1. appetite, desire

Icelandic

Verb

gana (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ganaði, supine ganað)

  1. rush, run frantically, act recklessly

Conjugation

gana – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur gana
supine sagnbót ganað
present participle
ganandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég gana ganaði gani ganaði
þú ganar ganaðir ganir ganaðir
hann, hún, það ganar ganaði gani ganaði
plural við gönum gönuðum gönum gönuðum
þið ganið gönuðuð ganið gönuðuð
þeir, þær, þau gana gönuðu gani gönuðu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gana (þú), ganaðu
plural þið ganið (þið), ganiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
ganast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að ganast
supine sagnbót ganast
present participle
ganandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég ganast ganaðist ganist ganaðist
þú ganast ganaðist ganist ganaðist
hann, hún, það ganast ganaðist ganist ganaðist
plural við gönumst gönuðumst gönumst gönuðumst
þið ganist gönuðust ganist gönuðust
þeir, þær, þau ganast gönuðust ganist gönuðust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú ganast (þú), ganastu
plural þið ganist (þið), ganisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
ganaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
ganaður gönuð ganað ganaðir ganaðar gönuð
accusative
(þolfall)
ganaðan ganaða ganað ganaða ganaðar gönuð
dative
(þágufall)
gönuðum ganaðri gönuðu gönuðum gönuðum gönuðum
genitive
(eignarfall)
ganaðs ganaðrar ganaðs ganaðra ganaðra ganaðra
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
ganaði ganaða ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu
accusative
(þolfall)
ganaða gönuðu ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu
dative
(þágufall)
ganaða gönuðu ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu
genitive
(eignarfall)
ganaða gönuðu ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic غَنَاء (ḡanāʔ).

Noun

gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. wealth
    Synonym: kekayaan

Etymology 2

Noun

gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. alternative spelling of ganar (confused, mad)

Etymology 3

Noun

gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. (archaic) decorative form in the form of a small child

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Malay [Term?].

Verb

gana

  1. (dialect, Riau) to carry something together, one person carrying it in front, one person behind

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦤ (gana, bee larvae), from Old Javanese gaṇa (host, group; a kind of demi-god; number; a certain military subdivision), from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants).

Noun

gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. (dialect, Java) young wasp

Further reading

Javanese

Romanization

gana

  1. romanization of ꦒꦤ

Juba Arabic

Etymology

From Sudanese Arabic قنا (gana).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/, [ˈɡa.na]

Noun

gana

  1. bamboo

References

  • Ian Smith; Morris Timothy Ama (1985), A Dictionary of Juba Arabic & English[4], 1st edition, Juba: The Committee of The Juba Cheshire Home and Centre for Handicapped Children, page 20

Latvian

Etymology

Cognate with Lithuanian ganà (enough, rather, fairly).

Adverb

gana

  1. enough

Noun

gana m

  1. genitive singular of gans

Lithuanian

Etymology

Of unclear origin.[1] According to Derksen, from a Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (to flourish, swell; enough, numerous),[2] which he appears to consider the same as *gʷʰen- (to strike, slay) (whence giñti (drive, chase)), perhaps via semantic shifts "slay" > "booty (from spoils of war)" > "flourish". Cognate with Latvian gana (enough, rather, fairly),[3] Old Church Slavonic гонѣти (goněti, to suffice); outside of Balto-Slavic, compare tentatively Sanskrit घन (ghaná, dense, thick), Sanskrit आहनस् (āhanás, thriving, full), Old Armenian յոգն (yogn, plenty), Proto-West Germanic *gant (whole, complete).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡɐˈnɐ/

Adverb

ganà

  1. enough, sufficiently
    Synonyms: pakanka, užtenka, pakankamai, užtektinai
    Aš turiu gana pinigų.I have enough money.
  2. rather, fairly, quite
    Synonyms: gerokai, pakankamai
    Jis gana trumpas.He is rather short.

Interjection

ganà

  1. stop!, enough!
    Gana jau, gana!Enough already, enough!

References

  1. ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007), “ganà”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language]‎[2] (in Polish), Vilnius: Vilnius University, pages 155-6
  2. ^ gana”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “gana”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

Further reading

Makasar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/, [ˈɡa.nã]
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Adjective

gana (Lontara spelling ᨁᨊ)

  1. female (of animals and plants)
    Synonym: baine (of humans)
    Antonyms: laki (of animals and plants), bura'ne (of humans)
    Jangang ganayaThe hen

Usage notes

  • In most dialects, the word tends to be derogatory in nature when applied in the human sense, akin to addressing someone with the word bitch.

Derived terms

  • a'gana
  • pa'gana

Northern Sotho

Verb

gana

  1. to refuse

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Spanish gana.

Noun

gana

  1. desire
  2. wish
  3. appetite

Polish

Etymology

    Deverbal from ganić.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    gana f

    1. (Western Lublin, Józefów) synonym of przygana
      Oj, dany moje, dany,
      Nie pomogą gany.
      (song)
      Oh, my dear, my dear,
      Reproaches will not help.

    Further reading

    • Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “gana”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 275

    Portuguese

    Pronunciation

     
     

    • Rhymes: -ɐnɐ
    • Homophone: Gana
    • Hyphenation: ga‧na

    Etymology 1

    Borrowed from Spanish gana.

    Noun

    gana f (plural ganas)

    1. a strong desire, willingness or enthusiasm to achieve something; impetus; spur
      Synonyms: garra, fome
    2. ill will (aversion towards someone)
      Synonyms: aversão, ranço, desgosto, ódio

    Etymology 2

    Verb

    gana

    1. inflection of ganir:
      1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
      2. third-person singular imperative

    Further reading

    Rohingya

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Cognate with Bengali গান (gan).

    Noun

    gana (Hanifi spelling 𐴒𐴝𐴕𐴝)

    1. song
    • gan / 𐴒𐴝𐴕 (gan)

    Sardinian

    Etymology

    From Spanish gana.

    Noun

    gana

    1. desire

    Spanish

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/ [ˈɡa.na]
    • Rhymes: -ana
    • Syllabification: ga‧na
    • Homophone: Ghana

    Etymology 1

    Unknown, maybe related to Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, to covet) and thus ganar.

    Noun

    gana f (plural ganas)

    1. (often in the plural) best translated with to feel like, to want
      No tengo ganas (de hacer eso).I don't feel like it (like doing that).
      No me da la gana (hacer eso).I don't feel like it (like doing that).
    2. (in the plural) urge, uses a "tengo ganas de" or "me dan ganas de" construction
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Cebuano: gana
    • Hiligaynon: gana
    • K'iche': gan
    • Sicilian: gana, jana
    • Tagalog: gana
    • Moroccan Arabic: ڭانة (gāna)

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    gana

    1. inflection of ganar:
      1. third-person singular present indicative
      2. second-person singular imperative

    Further reading

    Swazi

    Verb

    -gana

    1. to take/accept a lover (only said of a girl)

    Inflection

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Tagalog

    Etymology 1

    Borrowed from Spanish gana.

    Pronunciation

    • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈɡana/ [ˈɡaː.n̪ɐ]
    • Rhymes: -ana
    • Syllabification: ga‧na

    Noun

    gana (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ)

    1. appetite; relish for food or drink
    2. inclination; liking; motivation; willingness to do something
    3. seal; enthusiasm; diligence
      Synonyms: sigla, sigasig
    4. functioning (of machines)
    5. salary; wages; income
      Synonyms: kita, suweldo, sahod
    6. renumeration; reward; compensation
      Synonyms: gantimpagal, bayad, gantimpala
    7. gain; profit
      Synonyms: tubo, ganansiya, pakinabang
    8. interest from loans
      Synonyms: tubo, patubo, patong, interes
    9. tight hold or grip (as of a wrench)
      Synonyms: hapit, kagat
    Derived terms
    • ganahin
    • gumana
    • magana
    • magpawalang-gana
    • nakagagana
    • paganahin
    • pampagana
    • walang-kagana-gana

    Etymology 2

    Pronunciation

    • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ɡaˈna/ [ɡɐˈn̪a]
    • Rhymes: -a
    • Syllabification: ga‧na

    Adverb

    ganá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ)

    1. at once; immediately
      Synonyms: agad, kaagad, pagdaka, pagkaraka

    Anagrams

    Volapük

    Noun

    gana

    1. genitive singular of gan

    Welsh

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    gana

    1. soft mutation of cana

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of cana
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    cana gana nghana chana

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Wiradjuri

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Compare Ngiyambaa kanaa.

    Noun

    gana

    1. shoulder
      • 1892, James Günther, “Grammar and Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Dialect called the Wirradhuri”, in John Fraser, editor, An Australian Language:
        Gãnna—the shoulder.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Zulu

    Verb

    -gana

    1. to marry, to choose a husband

    Inflection

    tone L (infinitive ukugana)
    positive negative
    infinitive ukugana ukungagani
    imperative
    simple + object concord
    singular gana -gane
    plural ganani -ganeni
    present
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyagana, ngigana engiganayo, engigana ngigana angigani engingagani ngingagani
    2nd singular uyagana, ugana oganayo, ogana ugana awugani ongagani ungagani
    1st plural siyagana, sigana esiganayo, esigana sigana asigani esingagani singagani
    2nd plural niyagana, nigana eniganayo, enigana nigana anigani eningagani ningagani
    class 1 uyagana, ugana oganayo, ogana egana akagani ongagani engagani
    class 2 bayagana, bagana abaganayo, abagana begana abagani abangagani bengagani
    class 3 uyagana, ugana oganayo, ogana ugana awugani ongagani ungagani
    class 4 iyagana, igana eganayo, egana igana ayigani engagani ingagani
    class 5 liyagana, ligana eliganayo, eligana ligana aligani elingagani lingagani
    class 6 ayagana, agana aganayo, agana egana awagani angagani engagani
    class 7 siyagana, sigana esiganayo, esigana sigana asigani esingagani singagani
    class 8 ziyagana, zigana eziganayo, ezigana zigana azigani ezingagani zingagani
    class 9 iyagana, igana eganayo, egana igana ayigani engagani ingagani
    class 10 ziyagana, zigana eziganayo, ezigana zigana azigani ezingagani zingagani
    class 11 luyagana, lugana oluganayo, olugana lugana alugani olungagani lungagani
    class 14 buyagana, bugana obuganayo, obugana bugana abugani obungagani bungagani
    class 15 kuyagana, kugana okuganayo, okugana kugana akugani okungagani kungagani
    class 17 kuyagana, kugana okuganayo, okugana kugana akugani okungagani kungagani
    recent past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiganile, ngiganē engiganile, engiganē ngiganile, ngiganē angigananga engingagananga ngingagananga
    2nd singular uganile, uganē oganile, oganē uganile, uganē awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
    1st plural siganile, siganē esiganile, esiganē siganile, siganē asigananga esingagananga singagananga
    2nd plural niganile, niganē eniganile, eniganē niganile, niganē anigananga eningagananga ningagananga
    class 1 uganile, uganē oganile, oganē eganile, eganē akagananga ongagananga engagananga
    class 2 baganile, baganē abaganile, abaganē beganile, beganē abagananga abangagananga bengagananga
    class 3 uganile, uganē oganile, oganē uganile, uganē awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
    class 4 iganile, iganē eganile, eganē iganile, iganē ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
    class 5 liganile, liganē eliganile, eliganē liganile, liganē aligananga elingagananga lingagananga
    class 6 aganile, aganē aganile, aganē eganile, eganē awagananga angagananga engagananga
    class 7 siganile, siganē esiganile, esiganē siganile, siganē asigananga esingagananga singagananga
    class 8 ziganile, ziganē eziganile, eziganē ziganile, ziganē azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
    class 9 iganile, iganē eganile, eganē iganile, iganē ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
    class 10 ziganile, ziganē eziganile, eziganē ziganile, ziganē azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
    class 11 luganile, luganē oluganile, oluganē luganile, luganē alugananga olungagananga lungagananga
    class 14 buganile, buganē obuganile, obuganē buganile, buganē abugananga obungagananga bungagananga
    class 15 kuganile, kuganē okuganile, okuganē kuganile, kuganē akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
    class 17 kuganile, kuganē okuganile, okuganē kuganile, kuganē akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
    remote past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngāgana engāgana ngāgana angigananga engingagananga ngingagananga
    2nd singular wāgana owāgana wāgana awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
    1st plural sāgana esāgana sāgana asigananga esingagananga singagananga
    2nd plural nāgana enāgana nāgana anigananga eningagananga ningagananga
    class 1 wāgana owāgana āgana akagananga ongagananga engagananga
    class 2 bāgana abāgana bāgana abagananga abangagananga bengagananga
    class 3 wāgana owāgana wāgana awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
    class 4 yāgana eyāgana yāgana ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
    class 5 lāgana elāgana lāgana aligananga elingagananga lingagananga
    class 6 āgana āgana āgana awagananga angagananga engagananga
    class 7 sāgana esāgana sāgana asigananga esingagananga singagananga
    class 8 zāgana ezāgana zāgana azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
    class 9 yāgana eyāgana yāgana ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
    class 10 zāgana ezāgana zāgana azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
    class 11 lwāgana olwāgana lwāgana alugananga olungagananga lungagananga
    class 14 bāgana obāgana bāgana abugananga obungagananga bungagananga
    class 15 kwāgana okwāgana kwāgana akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
    class 17 kwāgana okwāgana kwāgana akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
    potential
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngingagana ngingagana ngingegane ngingegane
    2nd singular ungagana ungagana ungegane ungegane
    1st plural singagana singagana singegane singegane
    2nd plural ningagana ningagana ningegane ningegane
    class 1 angagana engagana angegane engegane
    class 2 bangagana bengagana bangegane bengegane
    class 3 ungagana ungagana ungegane ungegane
    class 4 ingagana ingagana ingegane ingegane
    class 5 lingagana lingagana lingegane lingegane
    class 6 angagana engagana angegane engegane
    class 7 singagana singagana singegane singegane
    class 8 zingagana zingagana zingegane zingegane
    class 9 ingagana ingagana ingegane ingegane
    class 10 zingagana zingagana zingegane zingegane
    class 11 lungagana lungagana lungegane lungegane
    class 14 bungagana bungagana bungegane bungegane
    class 15 kungagana kungagana kungegane kungegane
    class 17 kungagana kungagana kungegane kungegane
    immediate future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngizogana engizogana ngizogana angizugana engingezugana ngingezugana
    2nd singular uzogana ozogana uzogana awuzugana ongezugana ungezugana
    1st plural sizogana esizogana sizogana asizugana esingezugana singezugana
    2nd plural nizogana enizogana nizogana anizugana eningezugana ningezugana
    class 1 uzogana ozogana ezogana akazugana ongezugana engezugana
    class 2 bazogana abazogana bezogana abazugana abangezugana bengezugana
    class 3 uzogana ozogana uzogana awuzugana ongezugana ungezugana
    class 4 izogana ezogana izogana ayizugana engezugana ingezugana
    class 5 lizogana elizogana lizogana alizugana elingezugana lingezugana
    class 6 azogana azogana ezogana awazugana angezugana engezugana
    class 7 sizogana esizogana sizogana asizugana esingezugana singezugana
    class 8 zizogana ezizogana zizogana azizugana ezingezugana zingezugana
    class 9 izogana ezogana izogana ayizugana engezugana ingezugana
    class 10 zizogana ezizogana zizogana azizugana ezingezugana zingezugana
    class 11 luzogana oluzogana luzogana aluzugana olungezugana lungezugana
    class 14 buzogana obuzogana buzogana abuzugana obungezugana bungezugana
    class 15 kuzogana okuzogana kuzogana akuzugana okungezugana kungezugana
    class 17 kuzogana okuzogana kuzogana akuzugana okungezugana kungezugana
    remote future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyogana engiyogana ngiyogana angiyugana engingeyugana ngingeyugana
    2nd singular uyogana oyogana uyogana awuyugana ongeyugana ungeyugana
    1st plural siyogana esiyogana siyogana asiyugana esingeyugana singeyugana
    2nd plural niyogana eniyogana niyogana aniyugana eningeyugana ningeyugana
    class 1 uyogana oyogana eyogana akayugana ongeyugana engeyugana
    class 2 bayogana abayogana beyogana abayugana abangeyugana bengeyugana
    class 3 uyogana oyogana uyogana awuyugana ongeyugana ungeyugana
    class 4 iyogana eyogana iyogana ayiyugana engeyugana ingeyugana
    class 5 liyogana eliyogana liyogana aliyugana elingeyugana lingeyugana
    class 6 ayogana ayogana eyogana awayugana angeyugana engeyugana
    class 7 siyogana esiyogana siyogana asiyugana esingeyugana singeyugana
    class 8 ziyogana eziyogana ziyogana aziyugana ezingeyugana zingeyugana
    class 9 iyogana eyogana iyogana ayiyugana engeyugana ingeyugana
    class 10 ziyogana eziyogana ziyogana aziyugana ezingeyugana zingeyugana
    class 11 luyogana oluyogana luyogana aluyugana olungeyugana lungeyugana
    class 14 buyogana obuyogana buyogana abuyugana obungeyugana bungeyugana
    class 15 kuyogana okuyogana kuyogana akuyugana okungeyugana kungeyugana
    class 17 kuyogana okuyogana kuyogana akuyugana okungeyugana kungeyugana
    present subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngigane ngingagani
    2nd singular ugane ungagani
    1st plural sigane singagani
    2nd plural nigane ningagani
    class 1 agane angagani
    class 2 bagane bangagani
    class 3 ugane ungagani
    class 4 igane ingagani
    class 5 ligane lingagani
    class 6 agane angagani
    class 7 sigane singagani
    class 8 zigane zingagani
    class 9 igane ingagani
    class 10 zigane zingagani
    class 11 lugane lungagani
    class 14 bugane bungagani
    class 15 kugane kungagani
    class 17 kugane kungagani
    past subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngagana ngangagana, angagana, angangagana
    2nd singular wagana wangagana, awagana, awangagana
    1st plural sagana sangagana, asagana, asangagana
    2nd plural nagana nangagana, anagana, anangagana
    class 1 wagana wangagana, akagana, akangagana
    class 2 bagana bangagana, abagana, abangagana
    class 3 wagana wangagana, awagana, awangagana
    class 4 yagana yangagana, ayagana, ayangagana
    class 5 lagana langagana, alagana, alangagana
    class 6 agana angagana, awagana, awangagana
    class 7 sagana sangagana, asagana, asangagana
    class 8 zagana zangagana, azagana, azangagana
    class 9 yagana yangagana, ayagana, ayangagana
    class 10 zagana zangagana, azagana, azangagana
    class 11 lwagana lwangagana, alwagana, alwangagana
    class 14 bagana bangagana, abagana, abangagana
    class 15 kwagana kwangagana, akwagana, akwangagana
    class 17 kwagana kwangagana, akwagana, akwangagana

    References