fruma

fruma

1. romanization of 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

• IPA^(key): /ˈfrʏːma/

  Rhymes: -ʏːma

fruma f (genitive singular frumu, nominative plural frumur)

1. (biology) a cell

From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.

• IPA^(key): /ˈfru.mɑ/
• Rhymes: -u.mɑ

fruma m (nominative plural fruman)

1. beginning, origin
   • Beowulf

     wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)

     This beginning was terrible for the landfolk (...)

   • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology

     On þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.

     On the eight day after Christmas there is the beginning of the month known [in Latin] as Januarius, which is in our atheed the After-Yule.

2. prince, king, chief, ruler; often used in compounds

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:þeoden

   • Beowulf

     wine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte

     friend of the Scyldings / beloved landruler [who] long owned [it]

     Ðá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc

     Then the goldenhilt, an ancient work of giants, was given into the hands of the old king, the grey-haired battleleader

3. originator, inventor, creator

Weak:

• Middle English: frume, frome

• froma

From Proto-Germanic *frumô.

fruma f

1. benefit
   1. profit, success
   2. help, support
   3. salvation, happiness
   4. the good, also ethically and morally
   5. good qualities, excellence
   6. property, possessions
   7. fruit, crop, produce

• Middle High German: vrome, vrume
  • German: Fromme
  • ⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)
    • German: fromm
    • Yiddish: פֿרום (frum)
      • → English: frum, frummer

• Karg-Gasterstädt, Elisabeth; Frings, Theodor; et al., editors (1952–2022), “fruma”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[1] (in German), Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, via Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig