fortifier

fortifier

English

Etymology

Etymology tree
English fortify
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āsjos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English fortifier

    From fortify + -er.

    Noun

    fortifier (plural fortifiers)

    1. One who fortifies.

    French

    Etymology

    Inherited from Middle French fortifier, borrowed from Late Latin fortificāre (“strengthen, fortify”), from Latin fortis.

    Pronunciation

    • Audio (France (Lyon)):(file)
    • Audio (France (Vosges)):(file)
    • Audio (France (Somain)):(file)

    Verb

    fortifier

    1. to fortify (make stronger)
      Synonym: renforcer

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of fortifier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
    infinitive simple fortifier
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle or gerund1 simple fortifiant
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɑ̃/
    compound ayant + past participle
    past participle fortifié
    /fɔʁ.ti.fje/
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present fortifie
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		fortifies
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		fortifie
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		fortifions
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɔ̃/     		fortifiez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fje/     		fortifient
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/
    imperfect fortifiais
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/     		fortifiais
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/     		fortifiait
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/     		fortifiions
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.jɔ̃/     		fortifiiez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.je/     		fortifiaient
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/
    past historic2 fortifiai
    /fɔʁ.ti.fje/     		fortifias
    /fɔʁ.ti.fja/     		fortifia
    /fɔʁ.ti.fja/     		fortifiâmes
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjam/     		fortifiâtes
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjat/     		fortifièrent
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛʁ/
    future fortifierai
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁe/     		fortifieras
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁa/     		fortifiera
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁa/     		fortifierons
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/     		fortifierez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁe/     		fortifieront
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/
    conditional fortifierais
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/     		fortifierais
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/     		fortifierait
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/     		fortifierions
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁjɔ̃/     		fortifieriez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁje/     		fortifieraient
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present fortifie
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		fortifies
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		fortifie
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		fortifiions
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.jɔ̃/     		fortifiiez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi.je/     		fortifient
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/
    imperfect2 fortifiasse
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjas/     		fortifiasses
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjas/     		fortifiât
    /fɔʁ.ti.fja/     		fortifiassions
    /fɔʁ.ti.fja.sjɔ̃/     		fortifiassiez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fja.sje/     		fortifiassent
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjas/
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — fortifie
    /fɔʁ.ti.fi/     		— fortifions
    /fɔʁ.ti.fjɔ̃/     		fortifiez
    /fɔʁ.ti.fje/     		—
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
    2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
    past historic → present perfect
    past anterior → pluperfect
    imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
    pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

    (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

    Further reading

    Middle French

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Late Latin fortifico, fortificare.

    Verb

    fortifier

    1. to fortify (make stronger)

    Conjugation

    • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
    Conjugation of fortifier
    infinitive simple fortifier
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle1 or gerund2 simple fortifiant
    compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
    past participle fortifié
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present fortifie fortifies fortifie fortifions fortifiez fortifient
    imperfect fortifiois, fortifioys fortifiois, fortifioys fortifioit, fortifioyt fortifiions, fortifiyons fortifiiez, fortifiyez fortifioient, fortifioyent
    past historic fortifia fortifias fortifia fortifiasmes fortifiastes fortifierent
    future fortifierai, fortifieray fortifieras fortifiera fortifierons fortifierez fortifieront
    conditional fortifierois, fortifieroys fortifierois, fortifieroys fortifieroit, fortifieroyt fortifierions, fortifieryons fortifieriez, fortifieryez fortifieroient, fortifieroyent
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present fortifie fortifies fortifie fortifions fortifiez fortifient
    imperfect fortifiasse fortifiasses fortifiast fortifiassions fortifiassiez fortifiassent
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — fortifie — fortifions fortifiez —
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
    2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

    Synonyms

    Descendants

    • → English: fortify
    • French: fortifier
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