folc

folc

See also: Folc and FoLC

Catalan

Alternative forms

  • folcat

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *folk (“people, tribe”), perhaps via a Vulgar Latin fulcus. Compare Old French foulc (Modern French foule).

Pronunciation

Noun

folc m (plural folcs)

  1. herd, flock
    Synonym: ramat

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin fulgur.

Noun

folc m

  1. thunderbolt
    Synonyms: saete, sfulmin

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish folc (“heavy rain, wet weather”).

Noun

folc f (genitive singular foilce, nominative plural folca)

  1. downpour, flood
Declension
Declension of folc (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative folc folca
vocative a fholc a fholca
genitive foilce folc
dative folc folca
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an fholc na folca
genitive na foilce na bhfolc
dative leis an bhfolc
don fholc 		leis na folca
Derived terms
  • folcmhar (“pouring, torrential”, adjective)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish folcaid (“washes”), from Proto-Celtic *wolkīti. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic failc (“to bathe”), and more distantly Welsh golchi, Cornish golhi, Breton gwalc'hiñ.

Verb

folc (present analytic folcann, future analytic folcfaidh, verbal noun folcadh, past participle folctha)

  1. (transitive) bathe
  2. (transitive) wash
  3. (transitive) immerse, submerge, drench
Conjugation
Conjugation of folc (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present folcaim folcann tú;
folcair† 		folcann sé, sí folcaimid; folcann muid folcann sibh folcann siad;
folcaid† 		a fholcann; a fholcas folctar
past d'fholc mé; d'fholcas /
fholc mé‡; fholcas‡ 		d'fholc tú; d'fholcais /
fholc tú‡; fholcais‡ 		d'fholc sé, sí /
fholc sé, sí‡ 		d'fholcamar; d'fholc muid /
fholcamar‡; fholc muid‡ 		d'fholc sibh; d'fholcabhair /
fholc sibh‡;
fholcabhair‡ 		d'fholc siad; d'fholcadar /
fholc siad‡; fholcadar‡ 		a d'fholc folcadh
past habitual d'fholcainn /
folcainn‡ 		d'fholctá /
folctᇠ		d'fholcadh sé, sí /
folcadh sé, sí‡ 		d'fholcaimis; d'fholcadh muid /
folcaimis‡; folcadh muid‡ 		d'fholcadh sibh /
folcadh sibh‡ 		d'fholcaidís; d'fholcadh siad /
folcaidís‡; folcadh siad‡ 		a d'fholcadh d'fholctaí /
folctaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future folcfaidh mé;
folcfad 		folcfaidh tú;
folcfair† 		folcfaidh sé, sí folcfaimid;
folcfaidh muid 		folcfaidh sibh folcfaidh siad;
folcfaid† 		a fholcfaidh; a fholcfas folcfar
conditional d'fholcfainn /
folcfainn‡ 		d'fholcfá /
folcfᇠ		d'fholcfadh sé, sí /
folcfadh sé, sí‡ 		d'fholcfaimis; d'fholcfadh muid /
folcfaimis‡; folcfadh muid‡ 		d'fholcfadh sibh /
folcfadh sibh‡ 		d'fholcfaidís; d'fholcfadh siad /
folcfaidís‡; folcfadh siad‡ 		a d'fholcfadh d'fholcfaí /
folcfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go bhfolca mé;
go bhfolcad† 		go bhfolca tú;
go bhfolcair† 		go bhfolca sé, sí go bhfolcaimid;
go bhfolca muid 		go bhfolca sibh go bhfolca siad;
go bhfolcaid† 		— go bhfolctar
past dá bhfolcainn dá bhfolctá dá bhfolcadh sé, sí dá bhfolcaimis;
dá bhfolcadh muid 		dá bhfolcadh sibh dá bhfolcaidís;
dá bhfolcadh siad 		— dá bhfolctaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— folcaim folc folcadh sé, sí folcaimis folcaigí;
folcaidh† 		folcaidís — folctar
past participle folctha
verbal noun folcadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Derived terms
  • folcadán (“bath”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of folc
radical lenition eclipsis
folc fholc bhfolc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “folc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “folc”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
  • “folc”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Middle English

Noun

folc

  1. (chiefly Early Middle English) alternative form of folk

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.

Noun

folc n

  1. people, folk
  2. army, troop

Inflection

Declension of folc (neuter a-stem noun)
case singular plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folkes folco
dative folke folcon

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: volc
    • Dutch: volk, vouk (dialectal)
      • Afrikaans: volk
      • Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk
      • → Sranan Tongo: folku
    • Limburgish: vouk

Further reading

  • “folk”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

    From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“people”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /folk/, [foɫk]
    • Rhymes: -olk

    Noun

    folc n

    1. the people, especially the common people
      Lēodhatan frēoġaþ hīe selfe, ac hīe ġeþēowiaþ þæt folc.
      Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.
    2. a people, nation, or tribe
      • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
        Þæt sixte wīte wæs, þæt mislīċe ḡeswel and blǣdran asprungon on heora līchaman on eallum his folce.
        The sixth plague was that various swellings and pustules sprung up on the bodies of all of his people.
    3. crowd
    4. the public
      • late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
        Hīe sæġdon þām folce þæt heora godu him wǣren ierru, tō þȳ þæt hīe him þā ġīet swīðor blēoten þonne hīe ǣr dydon.
        They told the public that their gods were angry at them, so they would sacrifice to them even more than they had before.
    5. (in the singular or plural) people (multiple individuals)
    6. military, army; troop
    7. (in compounds) popular
    8. (in compounds) public, common
    9. (in compounds) country, rural

    Declension

    Strong a-stem:

    singular plural
    nominative folc folc
    accusative folc folc
    genitive folces folca
    dative folce folcum

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    Old Irish

    Etymology

    From Proto-Celtic *wolkos, from a devoiced variant of Proto-Indo-European *welg-.[1]

    Noun

    folc m

    1. wet weather, heavy rain

    Inflection

    Masculine o-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative folc folcL foilcL
    vocative foilc folcL folcuH
    accusative folcN folcL folcuH
    genitive foilcL folc folcN
    dative folcL folcaib folcaib
    Initial mutations of a following adjective:
    • H = triggers aspiration
    • L = triggers lenition
    • N = triggers nasalization

    Descendants

    Mutation

    Mutation of folc
    radical lenition nasalization
    folc ḟolc folc
    pronounced with /β̃-/

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*wolko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

    Further reading

    Old Saxon

    Noun

    folc n

    1. alternative spelling of folk
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