etc.
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English et cetera, etc., from Latin etc., an abbreviation of et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɛt ˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/, /ɪt ˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/
Audio (US): (file)
- IPA(key): (nonstandard, see usage notes) /ˌɛkˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/, /ɪkˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/
Audio (UK): (file)
- (Philippines) IPA(key): /ʔeˈt͡ʃeteɾa/ [ʔɛtˌt͡ʃɛː.t̪ɛˈɾa]
Phrase
etc.
- Abbreviation of et cetera: and so on; used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.
- Synonyms: and so forth, and so on, and the rest, blah blah blah, et al., you name it, ... (ellipses)
- Coordinate terms: et sq., vel sim.
- The grocery shop sells cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, etc.
- I like video games of strategy (Civilization, SimCity, etc.) and speed (such as Neverball).
Usage notes
- Etc. is typically read out as the full Latin phrase et cetera rather than as letters (as with i.e.) or as a contraction (as with et seq.). It is, however, sometimes read out as its English version and so on (as with e.g.).
- In Latin, et cetera refers solely to other things. On that etymological basis, it is often proscribed in lists of people in favor of et al. (abbreviation of et alii). Et al. can also stand for the Latin et alia, which is a synonym of etc.
- Since etc. effectively makes a list exhaustive, it is often proscribed when using other abbreviations (such as e.g. or viz.) that offer partial examples. If the etc. is desired, i.e. may be used in their places.
- The pronunciation with a velar plosive /k/ sound in place of the alveolar /t/ in the first word is usually proscribed and somewhat stigmatized. It is rendered in eye dialect excetera, exetera, or ekcetera.
Translations
and so on — see also and so forth
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See also
Anagrams
Danish
Etymology
Abbreviation of et cetera.
Adverb
etc.
Synonyms
Fala
Etymology
Probably borrowed from Spanish etc., itself an abbreviation of Latin et cētera.
Adverb
etc.
- etc. (and the rest; and so forth)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: Nossa Fala:
- Por siglus, a xienti de capital (rica) i as mismas Instituciós (Iglexiia, Escuelas, Xiusticia, funcionarius, etc.) tiñan a fala cumu algo de ignorantis, atrasaus, vulgariai.
- For centuries, the people from the capital (rich) and the same institutions (Church, Schools, Justice, public servants, etc.) held Fala as something of ignorant people, backward people, vulgarity.
French
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (proscribed) /ɛk.se.te.ʁa/
- (Quebec) IPA(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (informal) /ɛt.ʃe.te.ʁa/
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (Switzerland (Valais)): (file)
Adverb
etc.
- et cetera (and so on)
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Adverb
etc.
Hungarian
Etymology
An abbreviation of Hungarian etcetera, from Latin et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).
Pronoun
etc.
Synonyms
Latin
Alternative forms
Adverb
etc.
Middle English
Phrase
etc.
- alternative form of et cetera
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛt ˈt͡sɛ.tɛ.ra/, /ˈɛt t͡sɛˈtɛ.ra/
- Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
Phrase
etc.
Related terms
Further reading
- “etc.”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “etc.”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[2] (in Polish)
Portuguese
Alternative forms
Phrase
etc.
- abbreviation of et cetera
Further reading
- “etc.”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
- “etc.”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
- “etc.”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
- “etc.”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026
Spanish
Alternative forms
- &c. (obsolete)
Adverb
etc.
- abbreviation of etcétera
Swedish
Alternative forms
- (obsolete) &c.
Adverb
etc.