engourdir
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.diʁ/
Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
engourdir
- (transitive) to numb, make numb
- (transitive) to dull, deaden, blunt
- (reflexive) to go numb, go to sleep
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of engourdir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | engourdir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | engourdissant /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | engourdi /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdit /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdissons /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
engourdissez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.se/ |
engourdissent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
| imperfect | engourdissais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ |
engourdissais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ |
engourdissait /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ |
engourdissions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
engourdissiez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/ |
engourdissaient /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdit /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdîmes /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dim/ |
engourdîtes /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dit/ |
engourdirent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.diʁ/ | |
| future | engourdirai /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁe/ |
engourdiras /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁa/ |
engourdira /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁa/ |
engourdirons /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ |
engourdirez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁe/ |
engourdiront /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | engourdirais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
engourdirais /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
engourdirait /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
engourdirions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
engourdiriez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁje/ |
engourdiraient /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | engourdisse /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
engourdisses /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
engourdisse /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
engourdissions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
engourdissiez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/ |
engourdissent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
| imperfect2 | engourdisse /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
engourdisses /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ |
engourdît /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
engourdissions /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
engourdissiez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sje/ |
engourdissent /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.dis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | engourdis /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di/ |
— | engourdissons /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
engourdissez /ɑ̃.ɡuʁ.di.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “engourdir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012