crith

crith

See also: críth

English

Etymology

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ)bor.
English crith

    Borrowed from Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley corn, a small weight”).

    Pronunciation

    • enPR: krĭth, IPA(key): /kɹɪθ/
    • Rhymes: -ɪθ

    Noun

    crith (plural criths)

    1. (physics) the weight of 1 litre of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. Equal to approximately 0.09 grams.

    Derived terms

    Anagrams

    Irish

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    From Old Irish crith,[2] from Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Probably not related to croith (“to shake”), which generally refers to an intentional act.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /cɾʲi(h)/, /cɾʲiç/[3][4]
    • (Kerry) IPA(key): /cɾʲɨh/[5]

    Noun

    crith m (genitive singular creatha, nominative plural creathanna)

    2. a shake, quiver, tremble
    3. verbal noun of crith

    Declension

    Declension of crith (third declension)
    bare forms
    singular plural
    nominative crith creathanna
    vocative a chrith a chreathanna
    genitive creatha creathanna
    dative crith creathanna
    forms with the definite article
    singular plural
    nominative an crith na creathanna
    genitive an chreatha na gcreathanna
    dative leis an gcrith
    don chrith     		leis na creathanna

    Verb

    crith (present analytic critheann, future analytic crithfidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crite)

    2. to shake, quiver, tremble

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of crith (first conjugation – A)
    indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present crithim critheann tú;
    crithir†     		critheann sé, sí crithimid; critheann muid critheann sibh critheann siad;
    crithid†     		a chritheann; a chritheas critear
    past chrith mé; chritheas chrith tú; chrithis chrith sé, sí chritheamar; chrith muid chrith sibh; chritheabhair chrith siad; chritheadar a chrith critheadh
    past habitual chrithinn /
    crithinn‡     		chriteá /
    criteᇠ    		chritheadh sé, sí /
    critheadh sé, sí‡     		chrithimis; chritheadh muid /
    crithimis‡; critheadh muid‡     		chritheadh sibh /
    critheadh sibh‡     		chrithidís; chritheadh siad /
    crithidís‡; critheadh siad‡     		a chritheadh chrití /
    crití‡
    singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    future crithfidh mé;
    crithfead     		crithfidh tú;
    crithfir†     		crithfidh sé, sí crithfimid;
    crithfidh muid     		crithfidh sibh crithfidh siad;
    crithfid†     		a chrithfidh; a chrithfeas crithfear
    conditional chrithfinn /
    crithfinn‡     		chrithfeá /
    crithfeᇠ    		chrithfeadh sé, sí /
    crithfeadh sé, sí‡     		chrithfimis; chrithfeadh muid /
    crithfimis‡; crithfeadh muid‡     		chrithfeadh sibh /
    crithfeadh sibh‡     		chrithfidís; chrithfeadh siad /
    crithfidís‡; crithfeadh siad‡     		a chrithfeadh chrithfí /
    crithfí‡
    subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present go gcrithe mé;
    go gcrithead†     		go gcrithe tú;
    go gcrithir†     		go gcrithe sé, sí go gcrithimid;
    go gcrithe muid     		go gcrithe sibh go gcrithe siad;
    go gcrithid†     		— go gcritear
    past dá gcrithinn dá gcriteá dá gcritheadh sé, sí dá gcrithimis;
    dá gcritheadh muid     		dá gcritheadh sibh dá gcrithidís;
    dá gcritheadh siad     		— dá gcrití
    imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    — crithim crith critheadh sé, sí crithimis crithigí;
    crithidh†     		crithidís — critear
    past participle crite
    verbal noun crith

    † archaic or dialect form
    ‡ dependent form

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of crith
    radical lenition eclipsis
    crith chrith gcrith

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    1. ^ “crith”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
    2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
    3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 176
    4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 345, page 118
    5. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 90, page 50

    Further reading

    • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “criṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 196
    • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “crith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

    Old Irish

    Etymology

    From Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Cognate to Welsh cryd (“fever”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈkʲɾʲiθ/

    Noun

    crith m (genitive unattested)

    1. shaking, trembling

    Inflection

    Unknown, but Matasović tentatively classifies this as an o-stem.[1] A u-stem declension with genitive cretha can be found in Middle Irish.

    Derived terms

    • crethaid
      • Irish: creath
      • Manx: crie
    • crithnaigid
      • Irish: creathnaigh
      • Scottish Gaelic: criothnaich, crithnich
      • ⇒ Middle Irish: crithnaigthech

    Descendants

    Mutation

    Mutation of crith
    radical lenition nasalization
    crith chrith crith
    pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*krito-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 225

    Further reading

    Scottish Gaelic

    Etymology

    From Middle Irish crith, from Old Irish crith, from Proto-Celtic *kritos.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /kʰɾʲih/

    Verb

    crith (past chrith, future crithidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crithte)

    1. shake, shiver, tremble, quaver

    Noun

    crith f (genitive singular crithe, plural crithean)

    1. verbal noun of crith
    2. shiver, tremble, shudder, tremor

    Derived terms

    Mutation

    Mutation of crith
    radical lenition
    crith chrith

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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