capituler
French
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin capitulāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.pi.ty.le/
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
capituler
- to surrender; to capitulate (to give oneself up into the power of another)
- Les nazis ont été contraints à capituler.
- The Nazis were forced to surrender.
Conjugation
Conjugation of capituler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | capituler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | capitulant /ka.pi.ty.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | capitulé /ka.pi.ty.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | capitule /ka.pi.tyl/ |
capitules /ka.pi.tyl/ |
capitule /ka.pi.tyl/ |
capitulons /ka.pi.ty.lɔ̃/ |
capitulez /ka.pi.ty.le/ |
capitulent /ka.pi.tyl/ |
| imperfect | capitulais /ka.pi.ty.lɛ/ |
capitulais /ka.pi.ty.lɛ/ |
capitulait /ka.pi.ty.lɛ/ |
capitulions /ka.pi.ty.ljɔ̃/ |
capituliez /ka.pi.ty.lje/ |
capitulaient /ka.pi.ty.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | capitulai /ka.pi.ty.le/ |
capitulas /ka.pi.ty.la/ |
capitula /ka.pi.ty.la/ |
capitulâmes /ka.pi.ty.lam/ |
capitulâtes /ka.pi.ty.lat/ |
capitulèrent /ka.pi.ty.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | capitulerai /ka.pi.tyl.ʁe/ |
capituleras /ka.pi.tyl.ʁa/ |
capitulera /ka.pi.tyl.ʁa/ |
capitulerons /ka.pi.tyl.ʁɔ̃/ |
capitulerez /ka.pi.tyl.ʁe/ |
capituleront /ka.pi.tyl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | capitulerais /ka.pi.tyl.ʁɛ/ |
capitulerais /ka.pi.tyl.ʁɛ/ |
capitulerait /ka.pi.tyl.ʁɛ/ |
capitulerions /ka.pi.ty.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
capituleriez /ka.pi.ty.lə.ʁje/ |
capituleraient /ka.pi.tyl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | capitule /ka.pi.tyl/ |
capitules /ka.pi.tyl/ |
capitule /ka.pi.tyl/ |
capitulions /ka.pi.ty.ljɔ̃/ |
capituliez /ka.pi.ty.lje/ |
capitulent /ka.pi.tyl/ |
| imperfect2 | capitulasse /ka.pi.ty.las/ |
capitulasses /ka.pi.ty.las/ |
capitulât /ka.pi.ty.la/ |
capitulassions /ka.pi.ty.la.sjɔ̃/ |
capitulassiez /ka.pi.ty.la.sje/ |
capitulassent /ka.pi.ty.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | capitule /ka.pi.tyl/ |
— | capitulons /ka.pi.ty.lɔ̃/ |
capitulez /ka.pi.ty.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “capituler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012