Irish

From Middle English Irish (12th c.), from Old English *Īrisċ, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)), further origin heavily debated but probably from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyh₂wr̥ (“fat, swelling”), from *peyh₂- (“to swell; to be fat”), akin to Ancient Greek πίειρα (píeira, “fertile land”), Sanskrit पीवरी (pīvarī, “fat”).

• Audio (US):

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• enPR: ī'rĭsh, IPA^(key): /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/
• enPR: īə'rĭsh, IPA^(key): /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/
• (weak vowel merger) IPA^(key): /ˈaɪɹəʃ/
• Hyphenation: Ir‧ish

Irish

2. (uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.

   Irish is the first official and national language of Ireland.

3. (as plural) The Irish people.

   Many Irish are actually darkhaired as a result of the many invaders and migrants over the centuries.

   • 2015 March 1, “Infrastructure”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 2, episode 4, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

     America used to love dams... Yes, and we built those dams with ingenuity and brawn and, of course, piles and piles of dead Irish.

4. A surname originating as an ethnonym.
5. A female given name of chiefly Philippine usage.

• The terms Irishman, Irishwoman, Irish person, etc., are used for one singular person.

Irish (countable and uncountable, plural Irish or Irishes)

1. (uncountable, obsolete) A board game of the tables family.
2. (uncountable, US) Temper; anger, passion.
   • 1834, David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, Nebraska, published 1987, page 65:

     But her Irish was up too high to do any thing with her, and so I quit trying.

   • 1947, Hy Heath, John Lange, Clancy Lowered the Boom:

     Whenever he got his Irish up, Clancy lowered the boom.

   • 1997, Andrew M. Greeley, Irish Lace, page 296:

     The Priest is as fierce a fighter as I am when he gets his Irish up.

3. (countable, uncountable) Whiskey, or whisky, elaborated in Ireland.
   • 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] ‎^[1]:

     Harris said he'd had enough oratory for one night, and proposed that we should go out and have a smile, saying that he had found a place, round by the square, where you could really get a drop of Irish worth drinking.

Irish (comparative more Irish, superlative most Irish)

1. Pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people.

   Sheep are typical in the Irish landscape.

   • 1992 April 26, “Hot Off the Press”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 5:

     A. Fink-Nottle: But it's absolute balderdash, Bertie. I mean, listen to this: "Sure and begorrah, I don't know what's after being the matter with you, Michael." I mean, what on earth is this "what's after being" stuff mean?
     B.W. Wooster: My dear old Gussie, that is how people think Irish people talk.

   • 2013 October 25, Filip Borev, “I was a pale Roma baby – it's always been a family joke that I was stolen”, in The Guardian‎^[2], →ISSN, archived from the original on 12 August 2022:

     My genes would best be described as a melting pot – my mother is part Bulgarian Roma, part Romanichal (English Romany), and my dad is part Romanichal, part Irish Traveller – thus, it was hardly surprising when I was born a blue-eyed milk bottle.

2. Pertaining to the Irish language.

• Erse
• Gaelic
• Wiktionary’s coverage of Irish terms
• Appendix:Irish Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Irish

• Irish–English Dictionary: from Webster’s Dictionary — the Rosetta Edition.
• ISO 639-1 code ga, ISO 639-3 code gle (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Irish, gle ⁠

• Rishi, rishi, sirih

From English Irish, from Middle English Irisce, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Éire (“Ireland”)), from Proto-Celtic *Īwerjū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *pi-wer- (“fertile”), from *peyH- (literally “fat”).

Irish

1. the Goidelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic

Irish

1. an Irishman or Irishwoman

Irish

1. pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people
2. pertaining to the Irish language

From English Irish. Also a corruption of Iris.

Irish

1. a female given name from English

• Irishe, Irisse, Ireshe

From Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)).

• IPA^(key): /ˈiːriʃ/

Irish (uncountable)

1. Irish

• English: Irish
• Yola: Eeerish, Eerish

• “Īrish, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.