Carnaval

Carnaval

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian carnevale (“carnival”), from Latin carnem levāre (“to take away meat”).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /kaʁ.naˈvaw/ [kaɦ.naˈvaʊ̯]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /kaɾ.naˈvaw/ [kaɾ.naˈvaʊ̯]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /kaʁ.naˈvaw/ [kaʁ.naˈvaʊ̯]
    • (Caipira) IPA(key): /kaɻ.naˈvaw/ [kaɻ.naˈvaʊ̯]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.nɐˈval/ [kɐɾ.nɐˈvaɫ]
    • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.nɐˈbal/ [kɐɾ.nɐˈβaɫ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.nɐˈva.li/

Noun

Carnaval m (plural Carnavais)

  1. carnival (festive period marked by parades, preceding Lent)
    Synonym: Entrudo
    O Carnaval é celebrado de diversas formas ao redor do mundo
    Carnival is celebrated diversely throughout the world.
    Faz três Carnavais que eu não saio na rua.
    It’s been three years since I last went on the street during carnival.
    (literally, “it’s been three carnivals”)
    1. Brazilian Carnival, officially held between the Friday and Thursday that precede Ash Wednesday, but celebrated throughout the month of February.
      O ano só começa mesmo depois do Carnaval.
      The year only really starts after February.
      (literally, “after carnival”)

Usage notes

The capitalized spelling is used when referring to the festive period, as per the Orthographic Agreement of 1990.[1] This was already standard in Portugal under the Orthographic Agreement of 1945,[2] while the Brazilian Orthographic Form of 1943 restricted initial capitalization to religious holidays.[3] Other senses, notably referring to carnival celebrations, are spelled as uncapitalized carnaval, which see.

References

  1. ^ Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa (1990) [Portuguese-Language Orthographic Agreement (1990)]‎[1] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, 16 December 1990, Das maiúsculas e minúsculas [Of uppercase and lowercase] (section XIX): “2. A letra maiúscula é usada […] [n]os nomes de festas e festividades: Natal, Páscoa, Ramadão, Todos os Santos.”
  2. ^ Conferência Interacadémica de Lisboa [Lisbon Interacademic Conference]‎[2] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, 1945, archived from the original on 13 December 2024, Bases Analíticas do Acordo Ortográfico de 1945, Base V [Analytical Bases of the Orthographic Agreement of 1945, Base V]: “[…] os nomes de festas públicas tradicionais, seja qual for o povo a que se refiram, escrevem-se todos com maiúscula inicial, por constituírem verdadeiras formas onomásticas. Exemplos: […] Carnaval”
  3. ^ Formulário Ortográfico de 1943 [Orthographic Form of 1943]‎[3] (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro, 1943, Emprêgo das iniciais maiúsculas [Employment of uppercase initials] (section XVI): “Os nomes das festas pagãs ou populares escrevem-se com inicial minúscula: carnaval, entrudo, saturnais, etc.”

Further reading

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