-z

-z

See also: Appendix:Variations of "z"

English

Etymology 1

An eye dialect spelling variant of -s.

Suffix

-z

  1. (urban slang, lolspeak, leetspeak) Used as a substitute for -s in marking the plural of nouns. Usually used in words in which the -s suffix is actually pronounced /z/.
    Boyz are always trouble, while girlz just play with their Bratz dolls.
    He lovez me and I love my warez.

Etymology 2

From a mutation (specifically a zetacism) of the rhotic consonant /ɹ/ to /z/.

While standalone suffixation (such as soz and Baz) gained wide recognition in British print during the 1980s, the underlying morphophonological shift is attested significantly earlier in Australian English via the derived non‐rhotic suffix -zza (such as Bazza for Barry), which has been in print since at least the 1960s.[1]

Suffix

-z

  1. (UK, Australia, New Zealand) Forms nicknames, especially of personal names.
    Barry + ‎-z → ‎Baz
    Sharon + ‎-z → ‎Shaz
    Jeremy + ‎-z → ‎Jez
  2. (UK) Forms colloquial variants of words.
    sorry + ‎-z → ‎soz
    tomorrow + ‎-z → ‎tomoz
    apparently + ‎-z → ‎appaz
Usage notes
  • Typically applied to words where the stressed vowel is followed by an /ɹ/, with the suffix replacing the rhotic consonant and truncating the remainder of the word.
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ John Silverlight (1987), More Words, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 53:Examples are ‘Kaz’, ‘Shaz’, ‘Baz’ and ‘Waz’ for Karen, Sharon, Barry, and Warwick, and the latest, ‘soz’ for sorry.

Basque

Alternative forms

  • -ez (after consonants)

Etymology

Unknown.[1]

Suffix

-z

  1. Instrumental indefinite suffix.
    autobus (bus) + ‎-z → ‎autobusez (by bus)

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inan -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim
inan -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inan -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inan -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inan -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inan -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inan -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -z

References

  1. ^ R. L. Trask (2008), “-z”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 366

Classical Nahuatl

Suffix

-z

  1. Suffix indicating the singular future indicative of verbs.

Derived terms

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *-ta-. The preceding vowel, if any, is from the original stem of the root word.

Suffix

-z

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb. Less frequently, it can also be found added onto other parts of speech.
    (salt, noun) + ‎-z → ‎z (to salt)
    tiszta (clean, clear, adjective) + ‎-z → ‎tisztáz (to clarify)
    kettő (two, numeral) + ‎-z → ‎kettőz (to duplicate, to double)
    maga (you, pronoun, formal) + ‎-z → ‎magáz (to address someone formally)
    ide (here, this way, adverb) + ‎-z → ‎idéz (to summon)
  2. (obsolete noun-forming suffix) Found in igaz, száraz. See the main variant -sz.

Usage notes

  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -z is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -oz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -az is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ez is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öz is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -áz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.

Derived terms

See also

  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Further reading

Old French

Suffix

-z

  1. Replaces -ts, -sts at the end of a word.
    mort (dead) (oblique singular) → morz (dead) (oblique plural)
    repast (meal) (oblique singular) → repaz (meal) (oblique plural)
    • c. 1100s, Marie de France, Equitan:
      Femme espuse ot li seneschals,
      Dunt puis vient el païs granz mal[s]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Swahili

Suffix

-z

  1. (Sheng) "urbanizes" a word, makes it more hip with youth

Usage notes

In Kenya, (-z) can be applied to nouns and verbs. In Tanzania, (-z) is usually only applied to nouns, like mtotoz.