-z
English
Etymology 1
An eye dialect spelling variant of -s.
Suffix
-z
- (urban slang, lolspeak, leetspeak) Used as a substitute for -s in marking the plural of nouns. Usually used in words in which the -s suffix is actually pronounced /z/.
- He lovez me and I love my warez.
Related terms
Etymology 2
From a mutation (specifically a zetacism) of the rhotic consonant /ɹ/ to /z/.
While standalone suffixation (such as soz and Baz) gained wide recognition in British print during the 1980s, the underlying morphophonological shift is attested significantly earlier in Australian English via the derived non‐rhotic suffix -zza (such as Bazza for Barry), which has been in print since at least the 1960s.[1]
Suffix
-z
- (UK, Australia, New Zealand) Forms nicknames, especially of personal names.
- (UK) Forms colloquial variants of words.
Usage notes
- Typically applied to words where the stressed vowel is followed by an /ɹ/, with the suffix replacing the rhotic consonant and truncating the remainder of the word.
Derived terms
- onz
- rabz (from rabak), rabz kebabz
- upz
References
- ^ John Silverlight (1987), More Words, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 53: “Examples are ‘Kaz’, ‘Shaz’, ‘Baz’ and ‘Waz’ for Karen, Sharon, Barry, and Warwick, and the latest, ‘soz’ for sorry.”
Basque
Alternative forms
- -ez (after consonants)
Etymology
Unknown.[1]
Suffix
-z
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | proximal plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | -∅ | -a | -ak | -ok | |
| ergative | -(e)k | -ak | -ek | ||
| dative | -(r)i | -ari | -ei | -oi | |
| genitive | -(r)en | -aren | -en | -on | |
| comitative | -(r)ekin | -arekin | -ekin | -okin | |
| causative | -(r)engatik | -arengatik | -engatik | -ongatik | |
| benefactive | -(r)entzat | -arentzat | -entzat | -ontzat | |
| instrumental | -(e)z | -az | -ez | -oz | |
| inessive | anim | -(r)engan | -arengan | -engan | -ongan |
| inan | -(e)tan | -an | -etan | -otan | |
| locative | anim | ―
|
―
|
―
|
―
|
| inan | -(e)tako | -(e)ko | -etako | -otako | |
| allative | anim | -(r)engana | -arengana | -engana | -ongana |
| inan | -(e)tara | -(e)ra | -etara | -otara | |
| terminative | anim | -(r)enganaino | -arenganaino | -enganaino | -onganaino |
| inan | -(e)taraino | -(e)raino | -etaraino | -otaraino | |
| directive | anim | -(r)enganantz | -arenganantz | -enganantz | -onganantz |
| inan | -(e)tarantz | -(e)rantz | -etarantz | -otarantz | |
| destinative | anim | -(r)enganako | -arenganako | -enganako | -onganako |
| inan | -(e)tarako | -(e)rako | -etarako | -otarako | |
| ablative | anim | -(r)engandik | -arengandik | -engandik | -ongandik |
| inan | -(e)tatik | -(e)tik | -etik | -otik | |
| partitive | -(r)ik | ―
|
―
|
―
| |
| prolative | -tzat | ―
|
―
|
―
| |
Derived terms
References
- ^ R. L. Trask (2008), “-z”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 366
Classical Nahuatl
Suffix
-z
- Suffix indicating the singular future indicative of verbs.
Derived terms
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *-ta-. The preceding vowel, if any, is from the original stem of the root word.
Suffix
-z
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb. Less frequently, it can also be found added onto other parts of speech.
- só (“salt”, noun) + -z → sóz (“to salt”)
- tiszta (“clean, clear”, adjective) + -z → tisztáz (“to clarify”)
- kettő (“two”, numeral) + -z → kettőz (“to duplicate, to double”)
- maga (“you”, pronoun, formal) + -z → magáz (“to address someone formally”)
- ide (“here, this way”, adverb) + -z → idéz (“to summon”)
- (obsolete noun-forming suffix) Found in igaz, száraz. See the main variant -sz.
Usage notes
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -z is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -oz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -az is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ez is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öz is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -áz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.
Derived terms
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Further reading
- Csonka Csilla: A -l(ik) és a -z(ik) igeképzőkről a magyar mint idegen nyelv szempontjából (On the verb-forming suffixes -l(ik) and -z(ik) from the perspective of Hungarian as a foreign language)
Old French
Suffix
-z
- Replaces -ts, -sts at the end of a word.
- mort (“dead”) (oblique singular) → morz (“dead”) (oblique plural)
- repast (“meal”) (oblique singular) → repaz (“meal”) (oblique plural)
- c. 1100s, Marie de France, Equitan:
- Femme espuse ot li seneschals,
Dunt puis vient el païs granz mal[s]- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Swahili
Suffix
-z
Usage notes
In Kenya, (-z) can be applied to nouns and verbs. In Tanzania, (-z) is usually only applied to nouns, like mtotoz.