-w

Possibly derived from a lengthened form of Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /uː/
  • Conventional anglicization: -u

1. Used to form the masculine plural forms of nouns and adjectives

• The plural may also be represented by writing the phonetic or determinative glyph three times, (e.g. tꜣw: ) or with three strokes ().

• 𓅱

From Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /uː/
  • Conventional anglicization: -u

1. Forms a-stem masculine nouns from roots.

   ḥfꜣ- → ḥfꜣw (“(male) snake”)

2. Forms u-stem masculine nouns from roots.

   hrw- → hrw(w) (“day”)

In good orthography, -w is written with a-stem nouns but left unwritten with u-stem nouns, hence hrww, rꜥw are written hrw, rꜥ.

1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

1. Forms adverbs from certain adjectives; -ly
2. Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.

1. Forms the negatival complement of all verbs except geminate and anomalous verbs.

Often this ending is entirely omitted.

1. Forms the prospective of all verbs except second geminate, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
2. Forms the prospective passive of all verbs except fourth weak, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
3. Forms the perfect passive of all verbs except second geminate verbs.

Often this ending is entirely omitted.

1. Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective passive participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
2. Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

1. Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

• James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 328–329, 354, etc..
• Loprieno, Antonio (1995), Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 58–59, 251

-w

1. marks the passive voice

• This suffix follows the verb stem and comes immediately before the finite verb suffix -a
• If -w appears with a vowel, it is always realized as -iw, never undergoing vowel harmony
• In Zambian Fwe, the suffix appears as -w after another derivational suffix, and as -iw elsewhere; in Namibian Fwe, the two forms are in free variation, except directly after a monosyllabic verb stem, in which case both lects always have -iw.

• Grunnink, Hilda (2022), A Grammar of Fwe, Language Science Press, page 224

-w

1. Classifier suffix used to form general numerals

• IPA^(key): /u/

-w

1. used to form pet names

   ‎Megan + ‎-w → ‎Begw

   ‎Ann + ‎-w → ‎Nanw

   ‎Siân + ‎-w → ‎Sianw