-dir

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”).^[1]

-dir

1. Third-person singular present simple copula (used suppletively in place of *imək):
   1. [he/she/it] is

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-tur. Cognate with Kazakh -дір (-dır).

-dir

1. Causative suffix.^[2]

   ‎gəzmək (“to walk”) + ‎-dir → ‎gəzdirmək (“to take out for a walk”)

   ‎bilmək (“to know”) + ‎-dir → ‎bildirmək (“to inform”)

• IPA^(key): /diɾ/

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish طورمق (durmaq), ـدر (-dur, -dür), from Proto-Turkic *tur-. Compare Turkish durmak, -dir; Azerbaijani durmaq, -dir; and durmaa.

-dir

1. (copulative) Third-person singular present simple copula, is

• Usually dropped during colloquial speech; mostly used to emphasize.

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-tur

-dir

1. forms causative verbs

• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “-дир”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 635

• IPA^(key): /ˈ-diɾ/

From Ottoman Turkish ـدر (-dir), from Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish durmak (“to stand, to stop”).

-dir

2. (auxiliary, defective, + noun) is

   Bu benim evimdir. ― This is my house.

4. (auxiliary, defective, + verb) expresses an assumption

   Ben de geliyorumdur herhalde. ― I am probably coming too.

   Kesin yalan söylüyorumdur. ― Sure, I'm lying.

   Unutmuşumdur. ― I must have forgotten.

5. for (over a certain amount of time)

   iki haftadır ― for two weeks

• Definition 1 is typically omitted, and is only used to emphasize that something is a fact or that the speaker knows something to be true.

Bu restoran çok güzel.

This restaurant is very nice. (said spontaneously to remark on the food, atmosphere etc.)

Bu restoran çok güzeldir.

This restaurant is very nice (and I know this because it has reputation of being a good restaurant or because I've been here before).

It may also be used in more formal registers. See articles on Turkish Wikipedia for examples of this usage.

• Definition 3 is only used is only used when in English one would use the present perfect continuous tense (or the present perfect verbs in English that typically don't inflect for the continuous) for and not for actions that have happened at some further point in the past.

Bir süredir bunun üzerinde çalışıyorum.

I've been working on this for a while.

Son birkaç gündür bu adamı her gün burada görüyorum.

I've noticed this guy here every day for the past few days.

For other tenses, boyunca is used instead:

Bir süre boyunca üzerinde çalıştım.

I worked on it for a while.

From Proto-Turkic *-tur (causative suffix).

-dir

2. Causative suffix.

   ‎gezmek (“to walk”) + ‎-dir → ‎gezdirmek (“to take (one) out for a walk”)

   ‎bilmek (“to know”) + ‎-dir → ‎bildirmek (“to inform”)

   ‎ölmek (“to die”) + ‎-dir → ‎öldürmek (“to kill”, literally “to make someone die”)

• -ir